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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 1,077 Documents

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Production Pattern of Ajmalicine in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Cell Aggregates Culture in the Airlift Bioreactor RIZKITA RACHMI ESYANTI; AIDA MUSPIAH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 13 No. 4 (2006): December 2006
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

A research has been conducted to optimize the rate of aeration and initial weight of cell aggregates in the production of ajmalicine in Catharanthus roseus cell culture in airlift bioreactor. Catharanthus roseus culture were grown in Zenk medium with the addition of 2.50 x 10-6 M naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 10-5 M benzyl amino purine (BAP). Cell aggregates were sub-cultured two times before transferring 20 and 30 g/fw of cell aggregates into bioreactor, respectively, and aerated with the rate of 0.25 l min-1 and 0.34 l min-1, respectively. The pattern of ajmalicine production in bioreactor were observed in every three days within 24 days. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted using HPLC connected to Cromatopac CL-7A Plus. The results showed that the cell aggregates and medium contain ajmalicine. The highest concentration was obtained in combination of 30 g/fw and 0.34 l min-1 aeration compare to 20 g/fw - 0.25 l min-1, 20 g/fw - 0.34 l min-1, as well as 30 g/fw Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 0.25 l min-1/sup>. The highest ajmalicine content in cell aggregates was obtained on the 12 days (79.23 Ã‚Âµg g-) whilst in medium was obtained in the 18thsup> days (981.15 Ã‚Âµg l-). Key words: ajmalicine, cell aggregates culture, C. roseus, airlift bioreactor

Oxidative Burst, Peroxidase Activity, and Lignin Content of Sclerotium rolfsii Infected Peanut Tissue ENDANG PUDJIHARTATI; SATRIYAS ILYAS; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 13 No. 4 (2006): December 2006
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The objectives of this experiment were to analyse physiological responses, such as oxidative burst reaction, peroxidase activity, and lignin content of healthy and S. rolfsii-infected peanut tissues. Differences in physiological responses among 24 peanut genotypes were determined, the disease severity was calculated and used to group resistance of tested genotypes. The regressions among observed peroxidase activity, lignin content and disease severity were used to determine the possible mechanisms of S. rolfsii resistance in peanut. Peanut seeds were grown in polybag and the growing plants were inoculated at the crown, stem, and leaf tissues. Results of the experiment indicated that infection of S. rolfsii in peanut did not induce oxidative burst. However, infection of the pathogen resulted in increased peroxidase activity and lignin content in the infected tissues. Regression analysis between peroxidase activity and disease severity showed negative slopes, indicating the more resistance the genotype, the more peroxidase activity in the tissue. Regression analysis between lignin content and disease severity was not significant. Key words: hypersensitive response (HR), resistance mechanisms, Sclerotium stem rot, disease response, Arachis hypogaea

Immuncontraception Reversibility Test of Goat Zona Pellucida-3 (gZP3) on Mice (Mus musculus) IMAM MUSTOFA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 13 No. 4 (2006): December 2006
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to prove the reversibility of gZP3 protein on mice as an animal model. Treatment group of mice (Mus musculus) were immunized with 40 ug goat zona pellucida-3 (gZP3) as an anti fertility agent. Control group of mice were injected only with physiologic solution. The mice were injected three times, the first injection as an immunization. The second and third injected as a booster with 14 days interval. The first injection, gZP3 suspension was diluted in complete FreundÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s adjuvant (CFA). The boosters, gZP3 suspension was diluted in incomplete FreundÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s adjuvant (IFA) 1:1 (v/v). Blood samples were collected before immunization, seven days after the second booster and at the time of parturition. Seven days after the last injection, the mice were mated, and the parturition was observed after that. The result showed that antibody titer of immunized mice serum was increasing (P < 0.05) seven days after immunization, and decreasing (P > 0.05) after parturition compared to antibody titer of serum before immunization. Dot blotting analysis showed that gZP3 protein could recognize gZP3 antibody of the immunized mice. Protein of gZP3 as an immunocontraceptive substance was reversible in 91.60 + 4.90 days. This reversibility was longer (P < 0.05) compared to control mice i.e. 26.50 + 4.30 days. Key words: immunocontraception, goat zona pellucida-3, reversibility, mice, animal model, gZP3 antibody

Growth and Development of the Uterus and Placenta of Superovulated Gilts REVOLSON ALEXIUS MEGE; SYAHRUN HAMDANI NASUTION; NASTITI KUSUMORINI; WASMEN MANALU
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Forty eight gilts with average body weight of 107.83 + 5.08 kg were used in experiments to study the use of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as superovulation agent in gilts to increase piglet production. Four groups of twelve gilts were injected with PMSG dan hCG dose levels of 0, 600, 1200, and 1800 IU/gilt. Injections were conducted three days before estrus. During gestation, gilts were placed in colony pigpens. On days 15, 35, and 70 of gestation, gilts were slaughtered in order to measure the number of corpus luteum, growth and development of the uterus and placenta. Blood samples were collected to determine progesterone and estradiol concentrations. The resuts showed that superovulation dose levels of 600 to 1200 IU/gilt increased progesterone and estradiol secretions, growth and development of the uterus and placenta in gestation ages of 15, 35, and 70 days. It is concluded that superovulation with dose of 600 to 1200 IU can improve the gilts reproduction. Key words: gilts, superovulation, gestation, progesterone, estradiol, corpus luteum

Potential of Endophytic Bacterial to Control Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus) on Patchouli RITA HARNI; ABDUL MUNIF; SUPRAMANA SUPRAMANA; IKA MUSTIKA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) is one of the most important pathogens of patchouli that caused significant losses. Studies on the potential of endophytic bacterial to control P. brachyurus on patchouli had been conducted. To evaluate the effectiveness of endophytic bacterial against to P. brachyurus on patchouli, nine isolates of bacteria ( NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, and E26) were applied by deeping root seedling into bacterial suspension. A study of the physiological characteristics of nine isolates was conducted by using specific medium. The results showed that endophytic bacterial was significantly reduced the population of P. brachyurus and all isolates bacterial promoted growth of patchouli (shoot weight, root weight, and root length). Four isolates, i.e. Bacillus NJ46, Bacillus Na22, Bacillus NJ2, and Bacillus NJ57 were among the potential control agents that reduced nematode populations as much as 68.1-73.9%. Almost all of the isolated bacteria from patchouli roots were able to solubilizing phosphate, while some of them had the ability to produce chitinase, cellulase, protease, HCN, and fluorescency. Key words: endophytic bacterial, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pogostemon cablin, patchouli, nematode, biological control

Food Preference of Semi-Provisioned Macaques Based on Feeding Duration and Foraging Party Size ISLAMUL HADI; BAMBANG SURYOBROTO; DYAH PERWITASARI- FARAJALLAH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis; also called crab-eating monkeys) have broad geographic distribution in continent and archipelago of Southeast Asia. They have wide ecological plasticity to adapt to various environments. Due to disturbance of habitat and intensive contact with human, long-tailed macaques change their feeding behavior. Here we present food preferences of long-tailed macaques that live in Cikakak Monkey Park in Central Java. By recording the number of individuals who fed on a food patch and the duration of eating the food, we found that proportion of their food from natural resources is greater than those from human sources. They shifted to omnivory feeding mode to adapt to the changing environment. At many times, this omnivorous feeding brought forth crop-raiding which were not in natural behavioral repertory. Conservation effort of long-tailed macaques, and primate in general, should consider the aspect of human-modulated behavior in feeding ecology if we wish to be successful. Key words: feeding ecology, long-tailed macaques, Cikakak monkey park, party size, feeding duration, omnivorous

Accelerating of Pink Pigment Excretion from Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria by Co-Cultivation with Anabaena DWI SUSILANINGSIH
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The freshwater cyanobacterium Oscillatoria BTCC/A 0004 excretes pink pigment containing lipoproteins with molecular weights of about 10 kDa. This pigment has surfactant properties with strong emulsification activity toward several hydrocarbons. This extracellular metabolite was suspected as toxin or allelochemical in their habitat. In this study, I investigated the effect of co-cultivation of Oscillatoria with Anabaena variabilis on the pigment excretion to explore the physiological roles of this pigment in its natural environment. The dead or viable cells and medium of A. variabilis were added into Oscillatoria cultures. Results showed that co-cultivation of free viable cells of A. variabilis enhanced the excretion of pigment without effect on the cell growth. Co-cultivation with viable cells in separated method and dead cells did not influenced the pigment production. The addition of A. variabilis medium was slightly increased the excretion of the pigment. Those results indicated that direct contact with A. variabilis caused Oscillatoria released a certain signaling compound. Key words: Oscillatoria, Anabaena variabilis, biosurfactant, cyanobacterium, pink pigment

The Effects of T-2 Toxin on Preimplantion Embryos and Fetuses of Swiss Webster Mice AGUS HARYONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

T-2 toxin is a toxic and teratogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium tricintum which may contaminate cereal, seed, and food. The aim of this research is to find out the effects of T-2 Toxin on preimplantion embryos and fetuses of Swiss Webster mice. Pregnant female of Swiss Webster mice on 0 or 2 day of gestation was injected intraperitoneally with T-2 toxin at doses 0.05 or 0.10 mg/kg body weight (bw) and the dam was observed at 3.5 and 18 days of gestation. At 0 day of gestation, embryos were arrested at one to eight cell and uncompacted morulae stages (P < 0.01) compared to control, in both 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg bw doses. The cell numbers of late blastocyst at all treated groups were decreased significantly compared to control. At 2 day of gestation, most of embryos were arrested on compacted morulae stage at dose 0.10 mg/kg bw (P < 0.01), the late blastocyst and its cell number were dose-dependently decreased. The live fetuses decreased significantly at all dose of T-2 toxin. No external malformation occurred in the fetuses. Results showed that T-2 toxin given at preimplantation stages inhibited development of preimplantation embryos as indicated by decreased number of live fetuses. Therefore, it was grouped as embryotoxic agent but those dosages did not cause malformation of the external appearance of Swiss Webster mice fetuses. Key words: Fusarium tricintum, T-2 toxin, mycotoxin, preimplantation embryos, embryotoxic

Pretreatment Stress Enhances Embryogenic Callus Production in Anther Culture of Sturt Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa) ZULKARNAIN ZULKARNAIN
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The aims of the experiment were to investigate the effect of pretreatment stress on the proliferation of anther-derived embryogenic callus, and its subsequent embryo regeneration in Swainsona formosa. Anthers were pretreated in starvation medium at cold (4 0C) temperature and cultured. Cultures were initially placed in darkness for four weeks, followed by 16-h photoperiod at 25 + 1 0C. The stress pretreatment was found to enhance embryogenic callus formation on cultured anthers. Further, somatic embryos were successfully regenerated from embryogenic callus upon transferred onto regeneration medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 4.63 uM kinetin, and later plantlets were obtained. Meanwhile, nonembryogenic callus continued to grow resulting in more callus mass without showing any embryoid initiation. Key words: anther culture, embryogenic callus, stress pretreatment, Swainsona formosa

The Oogenesis of Sclerectinian Corals Caulastrea furcata and Lobophyllia corymbosa MUJIZAT KAWAROE; DEDI SOEDHARMA; MAULINIA MAULINIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 1 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Caulastrea furcata and Lobophyllia corymbosa are corals of order Sclerectinian. Caulastrea furcata is the only species of genus Caulastrea that could be found in Kepulauan Seribu and L. corymbosa is a rare species. The purpose of this research was to study sexual reproduction of the Sclerectinian coral. The result showed that the ovaries of C. furcata and L. corymbosa were developed in the mesentery, inside the mesoglea, and pinched by gastrodermis. Distinctive channel with trophonema like structure was found in both species as well as gamete which was spawned from polyp through distinctive channel. The gamete simply spawned trough gastrodermis, heading from mesentery filament to excretion track. Histological observation showed that there were four stages of gamet maturity level. However, gonad maturity level consisted of three stadia depended on the characteristic of the ovary. Key words: oogenesis, sexual, reproduction, corals Caulastrea, Lobophyllia, Seribu Island

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