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MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology

mediapeternakan
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 12 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan" : 12 Documents clear

Microanatomical Structure and Physical Characteristics of Thin Tail Hogget with Calpastatin (CAST-1) Genotype Differences B W Putra; C Sumantri; . Nurhidayat
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Thin tail sheep has good adaptation in tropics condition, but they have low meat quality. Quality of thin tail hogget can be improved by selection. Calpastatin (CAST) gene is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of calpastatin-genotype on microanatomical structure and physical characteristics of thin tail hodget. Nine thin tail sheep from Jonggol were used for this research.PCR-RFLP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of calpastatin gene, based on the identificationof CAST variation genotype. It was found that MM and MN genotypes forcalpastatin gene with TT as asingle Calpain genotype variation. The sheep wasclustered based on the variation of calpastatin gene, 5 sheep hadMM genotype and 4 sheep hadMN genotype. Physical and microanatomical characteristics were analyzed from their meats. Sheep with MN genotype showed tougher meat, it was characterized with a greater of muscle fiber surface area, the number of muscle per muscle bundle and muscle bundle area and harder meat tenderness than in MM genotypes. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of MN were greater than MM.

Avian Sex Determination Based on Chromo Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) Genes Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) I Khaerunnisa; E Sari; M Ulfah; . Jakaria; C Sumantri
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Several bird species are sexually monomorphic. In this case, molecular approach is an efficient method for their sex determination. The sexes of monomorphic birds can be determined by PCR amplification of the CHD genes. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The objective of this research was to determine sex of 21 individuals quails, pigeons, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos, and yellow-crested cockatoos based on CHD genes using two pairs of primers: 2550F-2718R and P2-P8. Samples from Kampong chickens and ducks were used as controls. PCR products were screened by agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide. Results showed that 2550F and 2718R primers could be used to identify sex of Kampong chickens, quails, ducks, pigeons, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos, and yellow-crested cockatoos. Individuals showed double (ZW) and single (ZZ) bands were identified as females and males, respectively in Kampong chickens, quails, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos and yellow-crested cockatoos. Males and females in ducks and pigeons showed single band in different length of base pairs. P2 and P8 primers could be used to identify the sex of pigeons, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos, and yellow-crested cockatoos. All of those samples showed bouble (ZW) bands for females and single (ZZ) band for males.

Isolation and Characterization of Plantaricin Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum Strains (IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, IIA-2B2) I I Arief; . Jakaria; T Suryati; Z Wulandari; E Andreas
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Bacteriocins produced by Indonesian lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, IIA-2B2 were purified and characterized. Plantaricin W gene had been successfully amplified from all strains. This amplicon showed the expected 200 bp size of plantaricin W gene. This bacteriocins purified from L. plantarum IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, and IIA-2B2 were named plantaricin IIA-1A5, IIA-1B1, and IIA-2B2. Purification by cation exchange chromatography increased the purity (fold) and activity of plantaricins. Purity of plantaricin IIA-1A5 was increased by 3.13 fold with specific activity 13.40 AU/mg. Plantaricin IIA-1B1 had 2.98 fold purity with specific activity 5.12 AU/mg, while purity of plantaricin IIA-2B2 was 1.37 fold with specific activity 7.70 AU/mg. All plantaricins could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Plantaricins could be digested by trypsin. Stability of plantaricins at 80 oC for 30 min and at 121 oC for 15 min were affected by type of plantaricin and species of pathogenic bacteria. Generally, plantaricin IIA-1A5 was better as antimicrobial agent than plantaricin IIA-1B1 and plantaricin IIA-2B2.

The Success Rate of Artificial Insemination Using Post-Thawed Spotted Buffaloes Epididymal Sperm Y Yulnawati; H Maheshwari; M Rizal; A Boediono
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Spotted buffalo, an exotic species that exists in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is getting extinct due to high number of slaughtered during a funeral ceremony, called Rambu Solo’, as well as special treatments that do not allow the male spotted buffaloes perform natural mating activity. According to that, the research was trying to start conservation program by collected the cauda epididymal sperm soon after slaughtered. Two egg yolk-based extenders with different buffers, tris hydroxyl amino methane (TEY20) and trisodium citrate dehydrate (CEY20), were used as comparison to evaluate the post-thawed epididymal sperm quality and fertilizing capacity in artificial insemination program. The results showed that the post-thawed progressive motility of epididymal sperm was 40% and 39.17%, while viability was 65.99% and 63.26% and membrane integrity was 65.43% and 63.03% in TEY20 and CEY20 extenders, respectively. The success rate of pregnancy was 46.67% using post-thawed epididymal sperm in TEY20 and 40% using the one in CEY20 extenders. In conclusion, tris-based and citrate-based extenders have similar ability to maintain the epididymal sperm quality and its fertilizing capacity.

Profiles of Cortisol, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as Stress Indicators in Swamp Buffaloes 15 Days Post-Transportation H Maheshwari; . Yulnawati; A Esfandiari; . andriyanto; M D Andriani; A Khovifah
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Transportation may cause stress that affects livestock’s health. This research was conducted to observe the effect of transportation on the profiles of blood cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio as stress indicators during 15 days post-transportation. Four females swamp buffaloes, 2-yr-old were used in this research. The animals were transported using an open truck, along 15 kilometers distance for 2 h. During acclimatization, the animals were fed grass twice a day and access to water ad libitum. Blood was collected at the time of arrival and everyday for 15 d post-transportation. Cortisol, T3 and T4were analyzed using Radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Blood smears were also prepared and stained with Giemsa for leukocyte differential counts. Results showed a significant relation (P<0.05) between transport and an increase in cortisol and T4 level on day-1 post-transportation compared to the normal levels. The level of T3 was also increased on day-3 post-transportation. Total leukocyte counts were 8.91-18.83×10³/μL. Neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts were 4.87-10.41×10³/μL, 0.66-1.75×10³/μL, 0.11-0.58×10³/μL, and 2.98-6.21×10³/μL, respectively. N/L ratio was 1.23-3.49 with >1.5 in average throughout the period of the research. It is concluded that transportation causes stress and therefore changes metabolic process.

Mucosal Mast Cells Response in the Jejunum of Ascaridia galli-Infected Laying Hens . Darmawi; U Balqis; M Hambal; . Frengki; B P Priosoeryanto
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Intestinal defense mechanism against helminthes parasitic nematode to be associated with mucosal mast cells reaction. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of infection by Ascaridia galli parasite to trigger mucosal defense based on mucosal mast cells response in laying hens. Amount of ten head laying hens 12-wk old were divided into two groups containing five chickens of each. The first group, chickens were left as un-infected controls. The second group, chickens were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated eggs of A. galli. Mucosal mast cell responses were assayed by in situ jejunal mast cell counts in stained serial histological sections with Alcian blue (pH 0.3) and Safranin-O (pH 0.1) of the jejunum. Mucosal mast cells response were observed and counted on days 14 post infection. The result showed that A. galli infection was able to increase significantly (P<0.05) mast cells response. This research concluded that the A. galli infection can trigger the involment of mucosal mast cells response in jejunal defense of laying hens against parasitic diseases caused by A. galli.

Quality of Vegetable Waste Silages Treated with Various Carbohydrate Sources W D Astuti; Y Widyastuti; R Ridwan; E Yetti
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of vegetable waste silages, using rice bran, onggok (cassava flour waste) and pollard as carbohydrate sources. Vegetable waste was collected from local traditional market, consisted of corn husk, chinese cabbage and cabbage. Research was held in randomized block design consisted of six treatments with 3 replications. Treatments were (T1) vegetable waste + rice bran, (T2) vegetable waste + rice bran + rice straw, (T3) vegetable waste + onggok, (T4) vegetable waste + onggok + rice straw, (T5) vegetable waste + pollard, (T6) vegetable waste + pollard + rice straw. Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 was used as innoculant. The quality of silages was evaluated by measuring pH, temperature, population of lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid production. Nutrient characteristic was determined by proximate and fiber analysis. Results showed that pH of silages were not affected by treatments, but silage treated with rice bran, with or without rice straw addition, had higher temperature compared with others (29 oC or 28.3 oC). The highest population of lactic acid bacteria (1.65 x 109 cfu/g) was found in silage using rice straw and onggok (T4), but the highest lactic acid production (0.41%) was measured in silage using rice straw and rice bran (T2). In general, the use of rice bran as carbohydrate sources gave the highest lactic acid production followed by pollard and onggok. Different carbohydrate source gave different nutrients characteristic. Although the result was not significantly different, silage with highest protein content was measured in silage with pollard as carbohydrate source, followed with rice bran and onggok. The result showed that all carbohydrate sources used in this experiment can be used as silage ingredient resulting in good vegetable waste silage.

Roles of Dietary Cobalt and Administration of Mixed Rumen Bacteria in Regulating Hematological Parameters of Pre-weaning Twin Lambs T Adelina; A Boediono; I G Permana; T R Wiradarya; D Evvyernie; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Cobalt (Co) is required by rumen microorganism for vitamin B12 synthesis. Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor for methionine synthesis and gluconeogenesis. In young ruminants up to 6–8 wk old, the rumen has not been completely developed and rumen microorganisms are not ready to supply vitamin B12. The aim of this research was to determine the potency of mixed rumen bacteria and dietary supplementation of Co and its effect on plasma glucose, blood minerals (Co, Fe, and Zn) concentrations, and hematology of pre-weaning twin lambs. Twelve one month-old local twin lambs were assigned to 4 groups in a randomized complete block design. Lambs were fed cow milk at 10% body weight, adjusted weekly for 80 d. Mixed rumen bacteria were offered at 15 mL/d (8.295x1010 cfu). Dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM cyanocobalamin (VitB12) and 3) basal diet + 1 mg/kg DM of Co + administration of 15 mL mixed rumen bacteria (CoBac). There were no treatment effects on neither plasma glucose and blood mineral concentrations nor hematological profiles. This study demonstrated that pre-weaning twin lambs are not responsive to supplementation of Co and administration of mixed rumen bacteria.

In Vitro Digestibility of Ration Containing Different Level of Palm Oil Frond Fermented with Phanerochaetae chrysosporium A Imsya; E B Laconi; K G Wiryawan; Y Widyastuti
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was widely used to delignify agricultural waste product and improve biodegradation of the substrate as animal feed. The experiment was carried out to increase the use of palm oil fronds as a substitute material for napier grass through biodegradation process with P. chysosporium. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used. The treatments were ration containing 60% napier grass (R1), ration containing 40% napier grass and 20% fermented palm oil frond (R2), ration containing 20% napier grass and 40% fermented palm oil frond (R3), ration containing 60% fermented palm oil frond (R4). Fourty percent concentrate was included in all treatment rations. Parameters measured were in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, NH3, TVFA, and ruminal cellulolitic bacteria. Results showed that increasing level of fermented palm oil frond in the ration reduced (P<0.05) digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, N-NH3, TVFA concentration and number of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. It is concluded that fermentation of palm oil frondwith P. chysosporium decrease lignin content by 47.79%, but increasing the fermented palm oil frond in the ration reduces nutrient digestibilities, N-NH3 and TVFA concentrations and rumen cellulolytic bacteria counts. Fermented palm oil frond up to 40% could be used as a substitute for forages in ruminant rations.

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Anti Mastitis Bacterial Activity of Diet Containing Betel Leaf Meal (Piper betle L.) A A Yamin; A Sudarman; D Evvyernie
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The aims of this experiment was to study the inhibition effect of betel leaf meal (BLM) addition into concentrate diet on mastitis causing bacteria and on rumen fermentation condition. The study consisted of five dietary treatments of BLM level in concentrate feed, i.e., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and four replicates of each treatment. The treatment diets together with napier grass in ratio of 40 : 60 were fermented using rumen liquor. All treatments were examined their antibacterial activity before and after fermentation. After four hours fermentation, supernatant of each samples were analyzed for VFA, NH3, number of bacteria and protozoa. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were analyzed after 48 h fermentation. The results showed that before fermentation, 8% BLM addition caused the bigest (P<0.05) inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus spp. growth compared to other lower levels. However after fermentation there were no significant differences among the addition levels of BLM. Two per cent of BLM addition produced higher VFA (P<0.05) than the other addition levels. Ammoniaconcentration, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not different among the treatments. Addition of BLM significantly (P<0.01) decreased protozoa number, but did not affect bacterial count. It is concluded that the addition of 2% BLM in concentrate feed can be used effectively to inhibit the growth of mastitis causing bacteria (Staphylococcus spp.) and does not disturb rumen fermentation condition.

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