Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Causal Relationship Model of Food Security Management ]]>
<![CDATA[Tumpracha, Kruemas]]>;
<![CDATA[Thiengkamol, Nongnapas]]>;
<![CDATA[Thiengkamol, Chatchai]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[The populations were 18,463 upper secondary school students from school under Secondary Service Area Office 24 (Kalasin), Northeastern region of Thailand in academic year of 2012. The Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to collect the sample for 371 upper secondary school students. The research instrument was the questionnaire and it was used for data collecting. LISREL wFas used for model verification. The objective of this research was to develop causal relationship model of food security management for upper secondary school student of Kalasin Province. Considering on structural model confirmatory factors of Environmental Education (EE) and Food Security Management Characteristics (FC) were able to explain the variation of endogenous factors of Inspiration of Public Consciousness with Food Security Management for Environmental Conservation (FP) to caused Food Security Behaviors (FB) with 54.00 percents. As a result, the equation 1, it can be written as following. FB = 0.57*FP + 0.49*EE - 0.33*FC …………………………(1) R2 = 0.54 Moreover, confirmatory factors of Environmental Education (EE) and Food Security Management Characteristics (FC) were able to explain the variation of confirmatory factors of Inspiration of Public Consciousness with Food Security Management for Environmental Conservation (FP) with 58.00 percents. Therefore, the equation can be written as following equation 2. FP = 0.34*EE + 0.52*FC …………………………..…………(2) R2 = 0.58]]>
<![CDATA[Trade Openness and Manufacturing Sector Growth: An Empirical Analysis for Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Onakoya, Adegbemi B.O]]>;
<![CDATA[Fasanya, Ismail O.]]>;
<![CDATA[Babalola, Muhibat T.]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study examines the impact of trade openness on manufacturing sector performance in the Nigerian economy,using a time series data from 1975 to 2010. The effects of stochastic shocks of each of the endogenous variables are exploredusing Error Correction Model (ECM). The analysis shows that trade openness has a positive impact on the manufacturing sectorperformance while exchange rate, inflation rate have a negative impact on the sector performance. The error correctioncoefficient also indicates rate of adjustment for disequilibrium of the variables shows that growth in the manufacturing sectoradjust slowly in the economy. The development of Manufacturing sector and its effective promotion have not been approachedseriously in Nigeria, hence, the lack of their impact in the economy. This could be attributed to a plethora of factors, including aweak technological base and low level of capacity utilization. Another major finding from this study is that there are significantpay-offs from the policy of trade liberalization. This study therefore recommends that government should avoid short-term fixesand front-loaded deals with other countries and move beyond arrangements that focus solely on the petroleum sector. Also topromote the imports of capital goods, there the need for transparent oversight largely monitored by regulatory institutions.]]>
<![CDATA[Policy Variables and Economic Growth in South Africa: Understanding the Nexus ]]>
<![CDATA[Ogujiuba, Kanayo]]>;
<![CDATA[Stiegler, Nancy]]>;
<![CDATA[Omoju, Oluwasola]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[The South African economy witnessed profound transformation in the post-apartheid era. This transformation wasattributed to a lot of factors, particularly the various economic and development policies that accompanied the end of apartheidand the political liberation of 1994. This paper investigates the impact of macroeconomic variables on economic growth in SouthAfrica; and identifies policy variables that have been significant in influencing economic growth in the country. The researchadopts a dynamic regression model within the framework of the neo-classical growth model, specifically the adjusted neoclassicalmodel as applied by Ghura & Hadjimichael (1996) and Calanitsis, Basu & Ghura to sub-Sahara Africa. The study foundthat the political liberation of 1994, government investment, maintenance of fiscal discipline and stable exchange rate have apositive impact on economic growth. On the other hand, private investment and terms of trade have negative impact oneconomic growth. The paper recommends that the fiscal and monetary adopted in South Africa should be consolidated, whilethe investment and trade policy should be reviewed to make it growth-inducing.]]>
<![CDATA[Contrastive Analysis of Different Types of Shifts in Persian Translation of The Secret ]]>
<![CDATA[Maasoum, Seyed Mohammad Hosseini]]>;
<![CDATA[Davtalab, Hoda]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[Translation shift is one of the most controversial domains of translation studies. In the present study an attempt wasmade to compare different translators’ use of shifts in a literary text. The selected theoretical framework for the present studywas Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). To achieve this aim, a contrastive analysis was done on The Secret by Rhonda Byrne and itsseveral Persian translations. The results of the study revealed that the translators use different types of shifts for a singlesentence. In many cases, the translators use a combination of different kinds of shift in order to transfer an appropriatemassage.]]>
<![CDATA[The Contractual Rights of International Civil Servants: Administrative Tribunals of the United Nations and International Labour Organization Perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Uddin, Kamal]]>;
<![CDATA[Uddin, Siraj]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[International Organizations are acting within the parameters provided by the rules of procedure of the organizationand terms of their contract of employment. The International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal (ILOAT), was createdas a judicial system for international civil servants. The United Nations Administrative Tribunal (UNAT) was established as anindependent organ competent to hear and pass judgments upon application alleging non-observance of contracts or terms ofemployment by staff members of the UN Secretariat. The two most important administrative tribunals that grant remedies toaggrieved staff of an international organization that have accepted their jurisdiction. The ILOAT and UNAT has graduallyconsolidated the idea that international organizations are under a human rights obligation to provide access to staff disputesettlement mechanisms.]]>
<![CDATA[Minister Hooper’s Melancholic Virtue ]]>
<![CDATA[Hafezi, Najmeh]]>;
<![CDATA[Amjad, Fazel Asadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmadian, Moussa]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Hawthorne’s ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’ is one of his short stories whose protagonist has sunk in a gloomy depression.Since most of the male characters in such stories follow a procedure for a type of self awareness (this may happen out of theplot, as in Mr. Hooper whose insight has occurred before the story begins), the result of their journey within themselves isdarkness and depression. The present study sought the footprint of true virtue in drawing the character into such deep thoughtsthat resulted in his everlasting coverage of his face by a black veil. One of the best approaches which proved the truth of theminister’s virtue was the definition that Immanuel Kant presented through his Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful andSublime. Kant made use of the theory of the four temperaments which influence human mental and behavioral traits. In hisattitude, a melancholy is, among the other personality, the most virtuous and capable for the feeling of the sublime. Inaccordance with the characteristics represented by Kant for each temperament, reverend Mr. Hooper is regarded as amelancholy. With his deep thoughts, most realistic insight, and black moods, the minister of the story exhibits a truly virtuouspersonality.]]>
<![CDATA[The Challenges of Democratic Governance in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic ]]>
<![CDATA[Ogbonnaya, Ufiem Maurice]]>;
<![CDATA[Omoju, Oluwasola Emmanuel]]>;
<![CDATA[Udefuna, Nnadozie Patrick]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 11 (2012): November 2012 - Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper examined the nature and dimension of such challenges as electoral malpractice, inter- and intra-ethniccleavages, religious crises and insecurity, weak democratic institutions and institutionalized corruption, which have confronteddemocratic governance in Nigeria since the Fourth Republic in 1999. It predominantly utilized secondary data. Findings showedthat these challenges threaten the consolidation of democratic formula capable of carrying the Nigerian state out of its endemiccycle of democratic and leadership crises. Despite these challenges, the paper observed that democracy in Nigeria has theprospects of creating enabling environment for good governance. Thus, the paper recommended that for these prospects to berealized, democratic principles in Nigeria must be consolidated and institutions strengthened.]]>
<![CDATA[The Influence of Financial System in Albanian Economy ]]>
<![CDATA[Guga, Klaudja]]>;
<![CDATA[Mehilli, Terida]]>;
<![CDATA[Naqellari, Alqi]]>;
<![CDATA[Demo, Ervin]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 6 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[During the last years Albanian Financial System has continued its stable growth. The quite good financial outcome, in bothbanking sector and non-bank financial sector, was due to the better use of the financial sources and the ongoing relatively quickexpansion of the investment activities with high return. The long-term trend for a gradual decline of the capital adequacy indicator of thefinancial system and particularly of the banking sector has continued, but the declining rate is reducing. The assets of the financialsystem have been steadily growing, but the weight of the non-banking financial sector still remains low, thus limiting the contribution ofthis sector on the stable development of the overall financial system. This article discusses the progress and the influence that thefinancial system has itself as a creator of money, not only lending. Is good for our analysis to remember how this concept has a directimpact on economic factors such as: the commercial debt that has been raised in recent months, inflation which has increased, anddirect investments which have fallen. Naturally we are going to illustrate the principal methods that the financial management uses toprevent the various risks that represent the financial market, and which are the most appropriate indicators to analyze the situation of theAlbanian financial system.]]>
<![CDATA[Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, Innovation and Sustainable Development ]]>
<![CDATA[Kruja, Alba]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 6 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Entrepreneurship is closely affiliated to knowledge, innovation and flexibility, factors that are directly related to competitivenessin the globalized economy. Obtaining prosperity in the globalized and liberalized world economy is related to the competitiveness degreeof the country. Being competitive in the international markets by fostering entrepreneurship has become a primary concern of policymakers in the developed and developing countries too, which are trying to attain their competitiveness. For an economy to developsustainable and shared increases in per capita income are needed. The increases in per capita income should be accompanied bymovements of the economy`s structural composition towards higher value added goods and more efficient production methods.Entrepreneurs can contribute to the economy through the allocation of resources in a more productive way, by giving support to changesin structures, by making discoveries in order to lower costs, increase efficiency, produce in a more effective way. The aim of this paper isto examine the recent advances in the understanding the relationship between knowledge, entrepreneurship and innovation in one hand,and how they relate to the sustainable development on the other. The methods of research are analysis and synthesis of the scientificliterature discussing how entrepreneurship can contribute to the economy and society and how can it be fostered through knowledge andinnovation.]]>
<![CDATA[Transport, Telecommunications, Environment and Energy ]]>
<![CDATA[Gjini, Anjeza]]>;
<![CDATA[Sefa, Stela]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 6 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The presented study takes in consideration the environmental impacts of transportation, transportation and energy,transportation and alternative fuels, including the impact of the transportation in the Albanian Economy.The transportation sector islinked to environmental problems, because the transport activities have resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. Andalso transportation activities support increasing mobility demands for passengers and freight. This is ranging from urban areas tointernational trade. Environmental impact of transportation can fall within three categories: direct impacts, indirect impacts, cumulativeimpacts. The environmental impacts of transportation is relate to air quality, water quality, climate change, noise, biodiversity. Energyand the activities of transport are closely related to each other. Energy consumption has strong modal variations: land transportation,maritime transportation, air transportation. Fossil energy reserves are exhaustible. In this study are set out possible solutions toeliminate the negative effects of transport on the environment in Albania.]]>
