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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 397   398   399   400   401 
A retrospective study on seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections in blood donors at Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara Kuntal Patel; Raxitkumar Suthar; Gunjan Rathod
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14320

Abstract

Background: Transfusion of blood and its components help in saving lives but it can also be a life-threateninghazard. Prevention of transmission of infectious diseases through blood transfusion in developing countriesis difficult, since the resources available are limited.Methods and Material: A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of TTIamong the blood donors who donated blood to Dhiraj Hospital Blood Bank between January 2015 andDecember 2019.The TTI reports of the donors was obtained from the blood donor data records.Each blood unit was tested by ELISA method for HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus. Syphilis was testedby Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) card test. Malaria was tested by antigen rapid diagnostic test.As is the practice in the Blood Bank, all positive samples were subject to repeat test for confirmation, beforethe seropositive blood unit is discardedThe information extracted from the Dhiraj Hospital blood bank database also included donor Id, Age, Sex,Residential address, donation type, donation frequency.Results: The data analysed in the study consisted of a total 20,711 blood donations, of which 2728 (13.1%)were voluntary and 18,288 (86.9%) were replacement donation.The seroprevalence rate of HIV was 0.1, that of HBV was 1.4, HCV 0.1, syphilis was 0.5 and Malaria was0.3 among all the blood donors. The TTIs were more frequently found in replacement donors in comparisonto volunteer donors.Conclusions:Ø The prevalence of TTI is higher in replacement blood donors than voluntary blood donors, hencecollection of blood from replacement donors should be at least reduced, if not totally eliminated.Ø Stringent criteria need to be used for selection of blood donors.Ø Potential Voluntary blood donors need to be identified and motivated to donate blood regularly.
In Silico Prediction of Potential Compounds of Nigella sativa as Aromatase Agonists and Ability to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier for treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Kusuma Andriana; Nurdiana; Wisnu Barlianto; I Wayan Arsana Wiayasa; Masruroh Rahayu
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14321

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which condition ischaracterized by a decline in memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform basic activities of dailyliving. Study showed that postmenopausal women with AD had a lower aromatase activity (p450 aromatase)in the brain compared to menopausal women without AD. To improve cognitive function in AD patients,Nigella sativa (NS) was found to have a protective effect on memory, and cognitive function. This studytherefore, aimed to investigate in silico prediction of potential compounds of Nigella sativa as aromataseagonists and ability to cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) for treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Methods:The data sets used in this study were collected from databases KnapSack Kanaya, PubChem, and PASSserver Way2Drug. HitPick and Autodock Vina was performed. Additionally, the systematic analysisinvolved ADMET, LMMD, and SWISS ADME. Results and Discussions: In silico test results revealed themost promising constituents in 36 active NS compounds that may have potential to reduce the severity ofthe AD, owing to its anti-inflammatory, cytochrome p450 stimulants, free radical scavengers, antioxidants,and immunomodulators. The ability of NS to cross the BBB was proven by admetSAR LMMD with ananalysis average value of 0.91 (from the highest value of 1). Further, NS can trigger cytochrome P450aromatase activity via Quercetin 3-(6’’ ‘’-feruloylglucosyl)-(1->2)-galactosyl-(1->2)-glucoside which has abetter binding affinity value than its control (androstenedione). NS through oleic acid compounds may bindto peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPRAG), similar to Rosiglitazone which may affecttranscription and activation regulation of PPARG. Conclusion: To be concluded, Nigella sativa could beused as a potential medicinal plant for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Glycated Haemoglobin- Recent Developments and Review on Non-Glycemic Variables Lata Kanyal Butola; Ranjit Ambad; Deepika Kanyal; Anjali Vagga
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14322

Abstract

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the current tool for monitoring glycemic control once a diagnosis ofdiabetes is established. Its role in the diagnosis of diabetes has only recently come to attention. In the past,many international organizations have discussed the role of HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes and rejectedthis application as appropriately DCCT-aligned assays were not used or available globally. Consideringthe high biological variability, the dynamics of glucose, as well as the limitations of blood glucosemonitoring technology, at that time, the possibility of obtaining an integrated average glycemia value bythe measurement of a single biomarker elicited immense interest and provided a powerful tool in bothdiabetes research and clinical management. HbA1c testing was soon facilitated by the development of a newanalytical methodology that was suitable for use in clinical laboratories. However, a consensus statement in2007 on assays used to report HbA1c has now further strengthened the case for a change in the diagnosisof diabetes. Using HbA1c as a screening or diagnostic tool has some logistical advantages over traditionalglucose testing (either oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] or fasting plasma glucose [FPG]). Patients canpresent for a relatively quick test in a non-fasted state at any point of the day, allowing more scope foropportunistic screening. HbA1c assay readings are less prone to recent influences of physical or emotionalstress and provide an indication of longer term glycemic control spanning the last 2–3 months. Owing tosuch logistical advantages there are calls for HbA1c to become the preferred diagnostic tool over glucosetests. Performing the HbA1c test regularly allows the assessment of glycemic control and verification of theefficacy of medication treatment and of education for self-care. It is estimated that 33% to 49% of peoplewith DM2 cannot achieve adequate goals for glucose, blood pressure, or lipid profile control and only 14%reach normal parameters in these measurements.
Role of Omega 3 Fatty acids, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folate in Mental wellbeing- A Short review of Literature Lata Kanyal Butola; Deepika Kanyal; Ranjit Ambad; Rakesh Kumar Jha
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14323

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric conditions have been linked to around 14 percent of the global disease burden, mainlydue to the chronically debilitating nature of depression and other widespread mental disorders, alcohol anddrug use disorders, and psychosis. The science and lay press have confirmed that vitamin D is an importantfactor that can have major health benefits in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Mostpeople have inadequate vitamin D levels in this country. This is also relevant for people with depression andother mental illnesses as well. Inadequate food consumption, lifestyle or other factors are a major causes ofVitamin D deficiency. Successful diagnosis and treatment of insufficient levels of vitamin D in people withdepression and other mental illnesses could be a simple and cost-effective therapy that could enhance thelong-term health outcomes and quality of life of patients. It is now well known that omega-3 fatty acids areimportant for physical health, and there is growing evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may also be importantfor mental health. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the two major omega-3fatty acids in fish oil, have essential biological roles within the CNS. DHA is a major structural componentof neuronal membranes, and modifying the neuronal membrane fatty acid composition contributes tofunctional changes in the behaviour of phospholipid membrane-embedded receptors and other proteins.EPA has major physiological roles that can influence the behaviour of neurons. For innumerable aspectsof brain functioning, adequate nutrition is needed. A modifiable risk factor for depression may be the poorquality of diet. The goal was to evaluate and synthesize the existing understanding of the role of nutritionin mental well-being. The risk of depression is increased by low omega-3 fatty acid status. Both fish oil andfolic acid supplements have been successfully used to treat depression. The response to antidepressants isdecreased by folate deficiency. Deficiencies in folate, vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Omega 3 fatty acids, VitaminB6 tend to be more prevalent in depressed individuals than in nondepressed individuals. In this short reviewof Literature we have focused on role of Omega 3 Fatty acids, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 andFolate in Mental wellbeing.
Clinical Indicators for Quality Improvements-A Mini Review of Literature Deepika Kanyal; Lata Kanyal Butola
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14324

Abstract

The quality of health care is on the agenda in most health care systems. Much of this interest in quality ofcare has developed in response to recent dramatic transformations of health care systems, accompanied bynew organizational structures and reimbursement strategies that may affect quality of care. Assessing thequality of care has become increasingly important to providers, regulators, and purchasers of care. Indicatorsfor performance and outcome measurement allow the quality of care and services to be measured. Thisassessment can be done by creating quality indicators that describe the performance that should occur fora particular type of patient or the related health outcomes, and then evaluating whether patients’ care isconsistent with the indicators based on evidence-based standards of care. Quality of care can be definedas ‘the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desiredhealth outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge’, and can be divided into differentdimensions according to the aspects of care being assessed. This paper will focus define clinical indicatorsin a standard way for a global audience, and to review a few classifications of clinical indicators that may beuseful to those who wish to measure quality of care and describe the performance of health care and relatedoutcomes.
Leukotrienes and Inflammation –A Review Lata Kanyal Butola; Archana Dhok; Ranjit Ambad; Deepika Kanyal; Roshan Kumar Jha
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14325

Abstract

Leukotrienes, together with the prostaglandins and other related compounds, are derived from 20 carbon(eicosa) fatty acids that contain double bonds (enoic). Hence this group of substances is called theeicosanoids. The name leukotriene derives from the original discovery of these substances in white bloodcells (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) and the fact that they all have in common 4 double bonds (hence the4 subscript), 3 of which are in a conjugated triene structure. Leukotrienes do not exist preformed in cells.They are formed from the breakdown of arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated 20 carbon fatty acid. In itsesterified form, arachidonic acid is bound to the phospholipids of the cell membranes. Both immunologicaland non-immunological stimuli can release arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids by activatingphospholipase A2. The glucocorticosteroid drugs can inhibit phospholipase A2 and thereby decrease theproduction of all the leukotrienes and hence leukotriene-mediated responses. Generally, inflammation leadsto vasodilation, vascular hyperpermeability, increased blood flow and recruitment of leukocytes to inflamedsites. These events cause enhanced production of cytokines, chemokines, chemical mediators and lipidmediators such as LTs and prostaglandins. Acute inflammation occurs over a short time (seconds, minutesand hours). In contrast, chronic inflammation is a long-lasting inflammatory and immune response thatoccurs over months to years and results in diverse diseases including asthma, allergies, atherosclerosis,arthritis, obesity, cancer and other age-related diseases such as AMD. In this review article we aimed tohighlight the evidence that implicates LTs in physiological function and also in disease processes.
Recent Updates in Female Infertility: A Short Review of Literature Lata Kanyal Butola; Ranjit Ambad; Anjali Vagga
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14326

Abstract

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse. It has been estimatedthat 93% of healthy couples practicing unprotected intercourse should except to conceive within 1 year.Females presenting after this time should therefore be regarded as possibly infertile and should be evaluated.Although infertility is considered by some as primarily a woman’s problem, men often contribute to and arealso affected. Infertility problem often arise as a result of hormonal dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis. Human infertility is a complex problem, which has numerous consequences depending on thesociety and cultural background, age, hormone problems, environmental problem, gender, lifestyle, sexualhistory, of the people it affects. Infertility is a global public health concern this is partly due to its complexityin etiology as well as difficulty in preventing, diagnosing and treating it.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Carrier Status among Indian Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Latha T; Saraswathi Hebbar; Baby S Nayak; Ravishanker N; Anil K Bhat
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14327

Abstract

Infection with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threat to quality care in the hospital.Asymptomatic colonization of MRSA escalates the burden of infection. The rate of MRSA colonizationamong healthcare workers (HCW) is not homogenous across the globe. Even though there are individualstudy reports on MRSA colonization, no pooled data is available in India. Therefore, it is important toevaluate the problem of MRSA colonization to develop a policy on preventive measures. We performeda systematic review and meta-analysis of MRSA carrier status among Indian HCWs using five databases(Scopus, PubMed-Medline, IndMed, CINAHL and Google-Scholar) from the articles published from 2008to 2017 (10 years). STATA 13.0 with metaprop package in STATA was used to find the rate of colonization.Among 2,349 HCWs, the pooled prevalence of MRSA colonization in throat, nose, axilla, palm, fingertipsand web-spaces was nine percent (CI 6% - 13%; p=0.001, I291.68%). Further, the forest plot of MRSAcolonization in nasal cavity alone was performed, and the prevalence of nasal colonization of MRSA among1,251 Indian HCWs was found to be 11% (CI 5-17%, p=0.001, I2 93.3%). The colonization rate is not veryhigh nor negligible. Therefore, the hospital administrator along with the hospital infection control committeeneeds to formulate a policy on periodic screening and decolonization of HCWs in high-risk areas.
Effect of Early Pre-Ambulatory Training on Functional Mobility Skill and Quality of Life In Low Paraplegia: A Research Protocol Madhumita Yadav; Moh’d Irshad Qureshi; Shivani. R. Uttamchandani; Pratik Phansopkar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14328

Abstract

Background: Paraplegia defined as near total dysfunction of the entire or part of the trunk and both lowerlimbs, caused by lesions of the thoracic or lumbar spinal cord or cauda equina. 43% of SCI results inparaplegia for thoracic, lumbar, or sacral lesion. The purpose of physical therapy management is to makethe patient relaxed and to achieve pre-ambulatory preparations, pre-ambulatory activities and ambulationactivities.Methods/Design: The study will be designed as experimental study. Total 60 participants will be selectedas per inclusion and exclusion criteria from AVBRH, Sawangi Meghe for the study. The duration of studywill 6 months with intervention. Physiotherapy intervention includes respiratory care, skin protection,range of motions and early reinforcement, early mobility activity, bed mobility skills, transfer activitiesand wheelchair skills. ASIA Impairment Scale, Functional Independent Measure, Wheelchair Skill Test,WHOQOL-BREF will be major outcome measure for the patient.Discussion: The study protocol details, in people with SCI the intervention strategy selected is largely basedon the amount of preserved motor function. Independence in functional skills in patients with completemotor SCI (ASIA A and B) is largely achieved through compensatory mechanisms and interventions aredeveloped accordingly. Expected outcome from the study will be the effects of early pre-ambulatory trainingon functional mobility skills and quality of life in low paraplegia.
Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Respiratory Problems among Petrol Pump Workers Madhuri Shambharkar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14329

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational health is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical,mental and social well-being of employees in all professions through the avoidance of health departures, themanagement of risks and the adaptation of work to people and their jobs. As the petrol pump workers workconstantly for more than 8 hours per day for 6 days a week and thus being constantly exposed to petrol/dieselfumes, are at a high risk of developing respiratory problems.Objectives:1)To assess the knowledge of petrol pump workers regarding respiratoryproblems. 2) To assessthe attitude towards respiratory problems among petrol pumpworkers. 3)To find out the association betweenknowledge score with selected demographic variables 4)To find out the association between attitude towardsrespiratory problems with selected demographicvariables.Hypothesis:H1-there will be a significant association between petrol pump workers and selected demographicvariables. H2- there will be no significant association between knowledge of respiratory problems andselected demographicvariables.Methods and Materials:A descriptive study was conducted in Wardha district to assess the knowledgeof petrol pump workers regarding respiratoryproblems. Total 100 petrol pump workers were selected byprobability simple random sampling technique.Modified structured questionnaire and Likert scale was usedto assess knowledge and attitude of petrol pump workers respectively.Descriptive statistics like frequenciesand percentages were used for representing the analyzed data.Result:Findings shows that 3% of the petrol pump workers were having poor level of knowledge score, 13%had average, 49% had good and 35% of them had excellent level of knowledge score.87% of petrol pumpworkers had positive attitude. There was positive correlation was established between knowledge score andattitude score of petrol pump workers(r=0.283, p=0.0001)Conclusion:Findings suggest that petrol pump workers were aware about the respiratory problems due tooccupational hazards and somewhat their attitude was positive towards their health.

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