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Prophetic Law Review
Published by Universitas Islam Indonesia
ISSN : 26862379     EISSN : 26863464     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20885
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Prophetic Law Review is a law journal published by the Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Indonesia. The primary purpose of this journal is to disseminate research, conceptual analysis, and other writings of scientific nature on legal issues by integrating moral and ethical values. Articles published cover various topics on Islamic law, International law, Constitutional law, Private law, Criminal law, Administrative law, Procedural law, Comparative law, and other law-related issues either in Indonesia or other countries all over the world. This journal is designed to be an international law journal and intended as a forum for a legal scholarship which discusses ideas and insights from law professors, legal scholars, judges, and practitioners.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 75 Documents
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State Responsibility For Foreign Citizens Served As Ukraine Armed Force: An International Humanitarian Law Perspective Salsa Anjarwati; Mahfud Fahrazi; Trinas Dewi Hariyana
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss2.art6

Abstract

This study discusses the status of civilian foreign citizens who participated in the war to defend Ukraine under international humanitarian law and state responsibility for foreign civilians participating in the war to defend Ukraine under international humanitarian law. The purpose of this research is: to analyse the status of foreign nationals, especially those contained in the Geneva Convention of 1949; and accountability countries that are fair to foreign nationals based on humanitarian law international. The method used in this research is normative. Results from this research that the status of foreign citizens who are involved in fighting for Ukraine are entitled under International Humanitarian Law treated as prisoners of war and entitled to equal treatment of humans. Actions committed by foreign civilian citizens, from each country are obliged to provide accountability to the aggrieved party. The rights of foreign nationals are protected by conflicting countries but do not reduce the privileges of the state against its own citizen. The link between international human rights law and law international humanitarian law is also one of the basic reasons for detaining power does not have the right to commit acts of cruelty.Keywords: Foreign Nationals, International Humanitarian Law, State Responsibility Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Warga Negara Asing yang Bertugas Sebagai Angkatan Bersenjata Ukraina: Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang status warga sipil asing yang turut serta dalam perang membela Ukraina berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional dan tanggung jawab negara terhadap warga sipil asing yang ikut serta dalam perang membela Ukraina berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: menganalisis status warga negara asing khususnya yang tercantum dalam Konvensi Jenewa 1949; dan akuntabilitas negara yang adil terhadap warga negara asing berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa status warga negara asing yang terlibat dalam perjuangan Ukraina berhak, menurut Hukum Humaniter Internasional, diperlakukan sebagai tawanan perang dan berhak atas perlakuan yang sama terhadap manusia. Perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh warga negara sipil asing, dari masing-masing negara wajib memberikan pertanggungjawaban kepada pihak yang dirugikan. Hak-hak warga negara asing dilindungi oleh negara-negara yang berkonflik namun tidak mengurangi keistimewaan negara terhadap warga negaranya sendiri. Keterkaitan antara hukum hak asasi manusia internasional dengan hukum hukum humaniter internasional juga menjadi salah satu alasan mendasar mengapa pihak yang tidak berhak melakukan tindakan kekejaman ditahan.Kata Kunci: Warga Negara Asing, Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Tanggung Jawab Negara
A Sharia Perspective on E-Commerce Affiliate Marketing in Indonesia: A Study of Shopee Marketplace Najib, Ainun
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art6

Abstract

Traditional face-to-face marketing has evolved significantly since the advent of online systems, leveraging technological advancements to create new models like affiliate marketing. Affiliate marketing has become increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, particularly within e-commerce platforms such as Shopee. As these modern marketing practices expand, ensuring that Islamic values are upheld in their implementation becomes crucial. This calls for a thorough examination of affiliate marketing through the lens of Islamic law. This research, based on a normative legal research methodology, explores the alignment of affiliate marketing practices with the principles of Islamic economic law, specifically scrutinizing the collaboration between Shopee and its affiliate participants. It is found that affiliate marketing, as practiced by Shopee, can be considered permissible under Islamic law, provided that certain conditions are met. The commission-based model employed by Shopee, and its affiliates closely mirrors the contracts of samsarah (brokerage) and wakalah bil ujrah (agency with a fee) in Islamic commercial law. These contracts ensure that the transactions comply with Islamic principles' ethical and legal framework, promoting fairness, transparency, and mutual consent.
A Prophetic Law Basis for Strengthening the Values of Indonesian Consumer Protection Law Culture Musataklima; Adi Sulistiyono; M. Syamsudin
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art3

Abstract

This study analyzes the factors that cause the weakness of consumer empowerment in Indonesia and conducts a comparison to the other countries in order to strengthen the values of Consumer Protection Law based on the Prophetic Law. This study combines the normative and empirical legal research. The qualitative data used are from primary and secondary sources. The primary data are obtained through interviews with predetermined informants. Secondary data are collected through literature research. The results show that the lack of consumer empowerment is caused by the long distance between the institution implementing consumer protection and the consumer itself. As a result, it is difficult for consumers to access. On the other hand, the methods used to protect consumers are still non-formal. Second, strengthening the values of consumer protection law culture can be done through formal education based on Islamic prophetic values because with such a design, the intensity of consumer education can run in a programmed, organized, and systematic manner, and prophetic values can become the basis of energy to always fight for consumer rights through a critical attitude.
Science and Prophetic Law: Karl Popper's Falsification Principle and Three Worlds of Science Redhani, Muhammad Erfa
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art5

Abstract

Kuntowijoyo has significantly influenced scholars in Indonesia, particularly in the realm of legal studies, through his concept of prophetic social science. This concept gave rise to Prophetic Law, a legal ideology that seeks to address societal issues by grounding legal principles in transcendental values. Prophetic Law emerges not just as a theoretical framework but as a practical ideology aimed at reforming and advancing legal science to solve contemporary problems. However, for Prophetic Law to be recognized as a valid and robust field of science, it must withstand rigorous testing, particularly through the process of falsification, as proposed by Karl Popper.  This study aims to explore two critical aspects: first, the applicability of Popper's falsification theory to Prophetic Law, and second, the positioning and significance of Prophetic Law within Popper's three worlds of science. To investigate these aspects, a conceptual approach is employed, linking the principles of Prophetic Law with Popper's theories and delving into the philosophy of science to offer a comprehensive analysis. The study concludes that Popper's falsification principle is indeed relevant and necessary for testing the validity of Prophetic Law. Furthermore, in the context of Popper's three worlds of science, Prophetic Law currently resides in the second world, which is characterized by subjective ideas or what Popper refers to as "people's work." For Prophetic Law to evolve and become a universally accepted and applied legal framework, it must transition from the second world to the third world, where knowledge is objective and accessible to society at large.
Legal Conformity Between Rahn Tasjily And Fiduciary Guarantee And Obstacles To Implementation In Indonesia Nurjihad
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss2.art5

Abstract

The focus of this research is to provide solutions for the problem in the implementation of fiduciary guarantees and Rahn Tasjily. Rahn Tasjily is collateral in the form of goods for debts, with the agreement that only legal proof of ownership will be handed over to the recipient of the guarantee (murtahin), while the physical collateral (marhun) remains in the control and use of the guaranteed provider (rahin). This research aims to achieve two objectives: first, to examine the suitability of the fiduciary guarantee with rahn tasjily and second, to analyze the appropriate formulation to ensure the legal conformity of the fiduciary guarantee with rahn tasjily and its implementation in an engagement/transaction in accordance with sharia principles. This is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The study concludes that: (1) Rahn Tasjily as regulated in the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 shares similarities or conformity with the provisions of Fiduciary Guarantee (Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fudiciary Guarentee). This conformity refers to the conformity between the object/collateral and the proof of ownership, instead of the form of the object. Both are also referred to as an accesoire agreement; (2) In order to ensure the legal conformity between the fiduciary guarantee and rahn tasjily and its implementation as a material guarantee in sharia financing without doubt, the legislators need to make changes to Law Number 42 of 1999 as a way to provide clear arrangements regarding the main engagements to be burdened with fiduciary guarantees, which include: conventional or sharia-based debt or financing agreements.Keywords: Fiduciary Guarantee, Rahn Tasjily, Sharia Financing. Kesesuaian Hukum Antara Rahn Tasjily Dan Jaminan Fidusia Serta Kendala Penerapannya Di Indonesia AbstrakFokus penelitian ini adalah memberikan solusi atas permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan jaminan fidusia dan Rahn Tasjily. Rahn Tasjily adalah agunan berupa barang utang, dengan perjanjian hanya bukti kepemilikan yang sah yang akan diserahkan kepada penerima jaminan (murtahin), sedangkan agunan fisik (marhun) tetap dalam penguasaan dan penggunaan. penyedia terjamin (rahin). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai dua tujuan yaitu pertama, menguji kesesuaian jaminan fidusia dengan rahn tasjily dan kedua, menganalisis rumusan yang tepat untuk menjamin kesesuaian hukum jaminan fidusia dengan rahn tasjily dan implementasinya dalam suatu perikatan/transaksi di sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Kajian menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Rahn Tasjily sebagaimana diatur dalam fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 mempunyai kesamaan atau kesesuaian dengan ketentuan Jaminan Fidusia (UU No. 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fudiciary). Kesesuaian yang dimaksud adalah kesesuaian antara benda/jaminan dengan bukti kepemilikannya, bukan bentuk bendanya. Keduanya disebut juga sebagai perjanjian accesoire; (2) Untuk menjamin kesesuaian hukum antara jaminan fidusia dengan rahn tasjily serta pelaksanaannya sebagai jaminan kebendaan dalam pembiayaan syariah tanpa keraguan, pembentuk undang-undang perlu melakukan perubahan terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 sebagai upaya memberikan pengaturan yang jelas mengenai hal tersebut. perikatan utama yang dibebani dengan jaminan fidusia, yang meliputi: perjanjian utang atau pembiayaan yang konvensional atau berbasis syariah.Kata Kunci: Jaminan Fidusia, Rahn Tasjily, Pembiayaan Syariah.
A Prophetic Law Perspective on Judicial Independence of the Indonesian Constitutional Court: Looking Back on 20 Years Perdana, Muhammad Anugerah; Al Faruq, Muhammad Hamzah; Ruhpinesthi, Garuda Era
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art4

Abstract

This research analyzes the pattern of Constitutional Court judicial reviews decisions in the last 20 years since its establishment against Islamic populism cases. This research applies legal normative methodology by conducting a literature review based on secondary data analysis and case study approach. This research concludes that, first, the Constitutional Court in Indonesia is inseparable from the influence of Islamic populism which is proven by the existence of 4/7 decisions that fulfilled the variable on the characteristics of populist decisions. Apart from the strong relationship between the state and religions, this is also coupled with the weakness of procedural law. The Constitutional Court opens the space for strengthening populism in influencing the Constitutional Court decisions. Second, the fading independence of the Constitutional Court may pose a danger to democracy, including to the human rights of minority communities and may eliminate the implementation of plural constitutionalism.  Also, various international literature in the last five years shows us the Constitutional Courts have tendencies to challenge the rising of Populist Movement policies made by the Government through judicial review cases. Compared to the other countries, populist movement in Indonesia became a unique phenomenon due to the high influence of Islamic identity in the judges. Not only that, but the recent cases also show the institution more favoring the populist policies made by the government than protecting minority rights.
The Application Of Transparent And Immediate Principles In Land Sale And Purchase Agreement (Study Of Court Decision Number 50/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Smn; 102/PDT/2022/PT.YYK, AND 89/PDT.G/2022/PN KLN) Eko Rial Nugroho
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss2.art4

Abstract

Pursuant to established norms within customary law, the buying and selling of land constitutes a transfer of land rights that is both transparent and immediate. This transfer of right occurs simultaneously upon the buyer's payment following the principle of direct exchange or concrete transaction. The principle of land transactions shares similarities with general contractual agreements, necessitating adherence to Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The sale and purchase of land under customary law are often witnessed solely by relatives, kin, and close neighbors, without the involvement of government officials. Claims may arise asserting that the process of transferring land rights was conducted in violation of regulations, particularly on the lack of official witnesses. This article employs a qualitative approach, involving the processing and analysis of data with a profound understanding of the researched issue. The normative juridical approach draws the prevailing legal provisions or employs the doctrinal legal method, and encompasses legal theories and expert opinions relevant to the discussed matter. The findings of this research underscore the prevailing agrarian law in Indonesia, which is rooted in customary law, as long as it aligns with national and state interests. Therefore, as long as the sale and purchase process is conducted genuinely, transparently, and immediately, and adheres to the principles of clarity and immediacy it is considered legally valid and is thereby irrevocable.Keywords: Land Purchase Agreement, The Principle of Transparency, The Principle of Immediacy. Penerapan Asas Transparan Dan Kedekatan Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 50/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Smn; 102/PDT/2022/PT.YYK, DAN 89/PDT.G/2022/ PN KLN) AbstrakBerdasarkan norma-norma yang berlaku dalam hukum adat, jual beli tanah merupakan peralihan hak atas tanah yang bersifat transparan dan segera. Perpindahan hak ini terjadi bersamaan dengan pembayaran pembeli dengan prinsip pertukaran langsung atau transaksi konkrit. Prinsip transaksi tanah mempunyai persamaan dengan perjanjian kontrak pada umumnya, sehingga harus dipatuhi Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Jual beli tanah menurut hukum adat seringkali hanya disaksikan oleh sanak saudara, kerabat, dan tetangga dekat, tanpa keterlibatan pejabat pemerintah. Dapat timbul tuntutan yang menyatakan bahwa proses peralihan hak atas tanah dilakukan dengan melanggar peraturan, khususnya karena tidak adanya saksi resmi. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang melibatkan pengolahan dan analisis data dengan pemahaman mendalam tentang masalah yang diteliti. Pendekatan yuridis normatif mengambil ketentuan hukum yang berlaku atau menggunakan metode hukum doktrinal, serta mencakup teori-teori hukum dan pendapat para ahli yang relevan dengan hal yang dibicarakan. Temuan penelitian ini menggaris bawahi hukum agraria yang berlaku di Indonesia, yang berakar pada hukum adat, sepanjang sejalan dengan kepentingan nasional dan negara. Oleh karena itu, sepanjang proses jual beli tersebut dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh, transparan, dan segera, serta berpegang pada asas kejelasan dan kesegeraan, maka dianggap sah secara hukum dan tidak dapat ditarik kembali.Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah, Prinsip Transparansi, Prinsip Kedekatan.
Protecting Our Mosts Valuable Personal Data: A Comparison Of Transborder Data Flow Laws In The European Union, United Kingdom, And Indonesia Budi Agus Riswandi; Alif Muhammad Gultom
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol5.iss2.art3

Abstract

Information technology and its relationship with data protection is a crucial area that needs to be addressed, especially for data flows among different countries. In the majority of jurisdictions, international data transfers are restricted unless specific requirements stipulated by data protection laws are met. However, in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) there are three exceptions, adequacy, appropriate safeguards, and derogations. This paper conducts a comparative legal analysis of the regulations governing the cross-border transfer of personal data in the EU, UK, and Indonesia. The research method is normative, while the approaches employed are statutory and conceptual with an analytical and descriptive research design. The study focuses on the legal framework and the various mechanisms to protect personal data during transborder flows. The research identified both commonalities and disparities in data protection regulations in Indonesia, the EU, and the UK. Notably, differences appeared in the application of appropriate safeguards and the use of criminal sanctions in Indonesia. Finally, the study concludes by providing recommendations for future developments in the legal frameworks for cross-border data transfer in the EU, UK, and Indonesia.Keywords: Adequacy decision, Cross-border data transfer, Derogations, Personal Data Protection Law. Melindungi Data Pribadi Kita yang Paling Berharga: Perbandingan Hukum Aliran Data Lintas Batas Di Uni Eropa, Inggris, dan Indonesia AbstrakTeknologi informasi dan hubungannya dengan perlindungan data merupakan bidang penting yang perlu ditangani, terutama untuk aliran data antar negara. Di sebagian besar yurisdiksi, transfer data internasional dibatasi kecuali persyaratan khusus yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang perlindungan data dipenuhi. Namun, di Uni Eropa (UE) dan Inggris (UK) terdapat tiga pengecualian, yaitu kecukupan, pengamanan yang sesuai, dan pengurangan. Tulisan ini melakukan analisis hukum komparatif terhadap peraturan yang mengatur transfer data pribadi lintas batas negara di UE, Inggris, dan Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif, sedangkan pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan desain penelitian analitis dan deskriptif. Studi ini berfokus pada kerangka hukum dan berbagai mekanisme untuk melindungi data pribadi selama arus lintas batas. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kesamaan dan kesenjangan dalam peraturan perlindungan data di Indonesia, UE, dan Inggris. Perbedaan yang terlihat jelas adalah penerapan safeguards yang tepat dan penggunaan sanksi pidana di Indonesia. Terakhir, studi ini menyimpulkan dengan memberikan rekomendasi untuk perkembangan masa depan dalam kerangka hukum transfer data lintas batas di UE, Inggris, dan Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Keputusan kecukupan, Transfer data lintas batas, Derogasi, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi.
Flight Cancellations: Infringement of the Carriage Agreement Between Airlines and Passengers Sitompul, Rifqi Ananda Gelora
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art2

Abstract

Flight cancellations lead to passenger inconvenience and financial loss, as pre-purchased plane tickets are rendered null and void. The primary objective of this research is to examine whether flight cancellations by airlines, impacting passengers as consumers, constitute a  breach of contract or not. This research also identified the legal responsibilities of airlines as business entities in such scenarios. Several research questions were proposed.  The first issue is whether flight cancellations by airlines for passengers as consumers represent a breach of contract?;  Second, we examined the legal responsibilities of airlines towards passengers as consumers when flights are canceled.  Finally, we approached the legal responsibility of airlines for cancelled flights from a prophetic law perspective. In this normative research, a statutory approach was used to analyze the legal framework on the issue. This research regarded secondary data collected through library research, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This research concludes that airline flight cancellations constitute a breach of contract from the perspective of passengers as consumers under Indonesian law. Besides that, two primary forms of legal responsibilities for airlines in cases of flight cancellations were identified. Airlines can either rebook affected passengers on the next available flight or refund the full ticket price previously paid by the passenger in cash and non-cash compensation. Moreover, those legal responsibilities imposed on the airlines are known in Islamic law with the ‘daman’ concept and in line with prophetic law pillars.
A Prophetic Law Approach to Reconciling Indonesia’s Uneasy Relationship with Cross-border Surrogacy Heriyanto, Dodik Setiawan Nur; Ulvi Gasimzadeh
Prophetic Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/PLR.vol6.iss1.art1

Abstract

The modernization of reproductive technology has made things easier for couples who are not yet blessed with children. Currently, the practice of surrogacy has been successful in providing children through surrogate mothers. Abroad, this practice can cross national borders, where the surrogate mother can come from a different nationality than the child's prospective parents. This practice is done to get good genes or offspring according to their hopes, especially if the couple rents a womb from a European or East Asian race. Two legal issues are studied in this research, namely those related to the legal status of the practice of surrogacy, which is cross-border according to private international law and Prophetic Law. Apart from that, this research also examines the urgency of regulating the practice of surrogacy in Indonesian law. This research, using a normative legal research methodology, concludes that even though the practice of surrogacy is considered legal based on private international law, from an Islamic Law perspective, this practice is strictly prohibited (Haram) because it obscures the child's lineage status. The law in Indonesia really needs to regulate the legal vacuum related to the surrogate mother practice both domestically and across national borders to ensure legal certainty.

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