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Masyarakat Indonesia
Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
ISSN : 01259989     EISSN : 25025694     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v44i2
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Artikel yang dimuat dalam Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia dapat berbasis hasil penelitian maupun pemikiran, dengan fokus bahasan yang berkaitan dengan perihal masyarakat Indonesia. Tiap terbitan memiliki tema yang berbeda-beda dan dapat ditelaah dari berbagai disiplin ilmu berdasar sudut pandang keahlian penulis. Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia mengutamakan tulisan tentang isu dan tantangan yang dihadapi masyarakat Indonesia yang dikaji dari berbagai sudut pandang ilmu-ilmu sosial kemanusiaan. Artikel yang dikirim ke Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia, dapat ditulis, baik dalam bahasa Indonesia maupun dalam bahasa Inggris. Isi Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia meliputi artikel ilmiah, ringkasan disertasi, dan review buku-buku terbaru dalam bentuk artikel.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 268 Documents
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HOAX SERBUAN TKA DARI CHINA: KEPANIKAN MORAL DAN BUDAYA KETAKUTAN Triyono Lukmantoro
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 44, No 1 (2018): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v44i1.798

Abstract

At the end of December 2016, the hoaxes emerged stating that there were about ten million, even twenty million, illegal foreign workers from China who were invading Indonesia. Although the hoaxes have been strongly denied and regarded as slander by the government, in fact, the hoaxes were already spreading. One of the sites that produce these hoaxes is Postmetro. This article is a textual review of various hoax titles displayed by Postmetro. The results of this study show that the various hoaxes are no more the practices of "Frankenstein journalism", that is simply taking news and polishing the title to be so provocative from other media sources. The illegal foreign workers from China are described as the foreigner who exacerbates the life of national laborers. This shows that illegal foreign workers from China were positioned as a figure that caused the moral panics. In addition, they are also described as demons of the people (folk devils) who deserve to be cursed and expelled from Indonesia for creating fear and pathological character.
DINAMIKA KOMUNITAS WARUNG KOPI DAN POLITIK RESISTENSI DI PULAU BELITUNG Erwiza Erman
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v40i1.108

Abstract

Dewasa ini bisnis warung kopi mengalami perkembangan yang pesat bersamaan dengan penciptaan selera,hasrat, dan gaya hidup baru kelas menengah kota. Jika dulu minum kopi identik dengan orangtua, kini melalui berbagai iklan, kopi hadir sebagai minuman supermahal, identik dengan kemewahan dan gaya hidup kelas menengah.Dengan memilih Kota Tanjung Pandan dan Manggar di Pulau Belitung sebagai studi kasus, artikel ini mencobamelihat faktor-faktor kemunculan, perkembangan, fungsi warung kopi, dan peran komunitasnya dalam kontekspolitik dan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, observasi langsung danwawancara mendalam dengan pemilik dan pelanggan serta masyarakat sekitar warung kopi, penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa warung kopi tidak hanya sekedar sebuah usaha bisnis dan ruang publik yang memuaskan keinginan,hasrat pencandu kopi, tetapi adalah sebagai tempat membentuk komunitas, solidaritas dan saluran politik resistensiuntuk memperjuangkan keadilan. Perkembangan ini berproses dan itu tidak dapat dipisahkan dari perkembanganekonomi dan politik lokal/nasional.
UPAYA KOMUNITAS SAMIN DI KUDUS JAWA TENGAH DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN JATI DIRI DI TENGAH PROBLEMATIKA KEHIDUPANNYA Moh Rosyid
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 42, No 2 (2016): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v42i2.670

Abstract

Samin community has existed since the Dutch colonial era. This community was lead by Ki Samin Surosentiko to fight against the Dutch which was started in Blora and then spreaded to surrounding regions in Central Java, such as Pati, Grobogan, and Kudus. Now, Samin community in Kudus keeps following their ancestor’s teachings, such as cling to their belief (Adam), refuse to register their marriage, not going to formal education since Ki Samin considered joining formal education is as the same as obeying the Dutch colonial, and also prefer to wear their traditional outfit. Nowadays, they faces several problems as their belief to not register their marriage, lacking of formal education, a failed farming lead to urbanization, and the absent of prominent figure among Samincommunity caused by various interpretations of oral teachings. This study uses descriptive analysis and based on data research conducted in 2016 through interviews, observations, and forum group discussion.Keywords: Samin, religion Adam, state recognitionABSTRAKKomunitas Samin eksis sejak era kolonial Belanda hingga kini. Keberadaannya dimotori oleh Ki Samin Surosentiko dalam melawan kolonial Belanda di wilayah Kabupaten Blora dan berdiaspora di Kabupaten Pati, Grobogan dan Kudus, Jawa Tengah. Kondisi masyarakat Samin di Kudus kini tetap teguh berpegang pada ajaran Samin dan beragama Adam, perkawinannya tak dicatat, sebagian dari mereka tidak sekolah formal yang menafsirkanajaran Ki Samin (ketika jzaman penjajahan) bahwa sekolah sama dengan menaati Belanda, berpakaian adat ketika melaksanakan tradisi. Ciri khas mereka adalah beragama Adam, berkarakter dalam hidup dan taat beribadah. Problem yang dihadapi warga Samin di Kudus adalah akibat beragama Adam yang mengajarkan perawinanperkawinan tidak dicatat dan tidak sekolah formal, kegagalan pertanian padi sehingga menjadi pekerja urban, dan tidak satu komando antarkomunitas Samin di berbagai daerah akibat perbedaan memahami ajaran Samin berdasarkan tradisi lisan. Tulisan ini berdasarkan riset tahun 2016 dengan data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi, dan forum group discussion dengan deskriptif analisis.Kata kunci: Samin, agama Adam, rekognisi negara
PROBLEM DEMOKRATISASI DALAM DESENTRALISASI ASIMETRIS PASCAORDE BARU Mardyanto Wahyu Tryatmoko
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v38i2.647

Abstract

The special autonomy status, which is given to Aceh, Papua, Jakarta, and Yogyakartahas not resulted ina better decentralization implementation. Disputable design ofspecial autonomy and lack of capacity of local government have caused significantproblemon local democratization, especially in Aceh and Papua. This paper arguesthatlocal democratization problem existsbecause institutional design of local politics isdetermined by the central governmentrather than builtas a response to local needs. Thepolitical-economy discrimination in Aceh and Papua, for instance, are likely causedby incompatibility between the roleof province as principal point of special autonomyand the direct local-head elections. Meanwhile, democratic label which is attached toprovince autonomy could not assure political participation and deliberation of localinstitutions to the lowest level of government. In this case, political decisions arepotentially controlled only by a certain group of political elites at the provincial level.Keywords: special autonomy status, Aceh, Papua, local institutions
PERATURAN DAERAH BERMASALAH Luky Sandra Amalia
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v37i1.612

Abstract

Based on the higher constitution, local government has their own rights tomanage public interest in their local area. Therefore, local government needsto create local rules to breakdown the higher constitution but still remainlocal characteristics. Unfortunately, there are many local rules which arerecognized as contradiction with the higher constitutions, unable to containnational interest, unable to contain local social context, incompatible withpublic interest, and those are not aspirated by society. These local rules wererecommended to be revised or canceled. It popular as complicated local rules.Generally, the dominants of complicated local rules are about local taxes andretributions because district autonomy implementation in?uence local cost.The situation became more complicated because policy making process doesnot involve society, whereas mass participation in policy making process isvery important to do because people involvement could be an effective controlso the local government does not use local rules as a tool to discriminate orburden certain community. So, there are many problems of local rules whichare needed more attention to make it better
Dancing with Legitimacy: Globalisation, Educational Decentralisation, and the State in Indonesia irsyad zamzani
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 46, No 1 (2020): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v46i1.916

Abstract

Decentralization has become a global norm that has changed the face of education governance in many countries since the late 1970s. This movement utterly swept up Indonesia in 2001 after the severe legitimacy crisis ended the three-decade-reigning centralist regime of the New Order. Using the analytical concepts of the new institutional theory and drawing upon data from documents and interviews with strategic informants, the thesis investigates how the institutional legitimacy of educational decentralization was garnered, manipulated, and then contested. The narrative of educational decentralization in Indonesia was initially scripted by multilateral actors with the neoliberal spirit of market supremacy. However, against the liberal and critical arguments that suggest the weakening of the central state or the rise of market institutions as the follow-up of educational decentralization, the findings show a somewhat contrasting reality. Decentralization has facilitated the proliferation of Weberian states in the local district arenas, which equally claim institutional legitimacy for governing the local educational system in their respective ways. From the comparative studies of two local district governments, Kupang and Surabaya, the thesis shows how the legitimacy of the central government authority continues to be challenged in the localities. Despite the central government’s pressures for national standards and their enforcement measures, local educational governance survives with different, illegitimate models and practices. Thus, rather than becoming a local 94 | Masyarakat Indonesia, Vol. 46 (1), JUNI 2020 INTRODUCTION Indonesia is one of the countries deeply affected by the global decentralisation movement. There had been several efforts by the country’s government to cope with such global pressure (Devas, 1997; Malo and Nas, 1991), but none had much effect until the 2001 decentralisation big bang (Bünte, 2004; Fealy and Aspinall, 2003). The post-2001 decentralisation was one of the major institutional reforms that ended the dictatorial Suharto’s New Order regime in the late 1990s. Before the reform, Indonesia education was highly centralised and fragmented. The management of education was shared between the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). The MoEC was responsible for the curriculum of all primary and secondary schools and the personnel of secondary schools: the MoHA was responsible for the personnel of primary and junior secondary schools. Both departments had their provincial and district or municipal offices and this made management highly bureaucratic. The 2001 decentralisation reform dissolved both departments’ organisational structures in the regions, which gave the district and municipal governments greater autonomy in running most public service sectors, including education. Adopting common decentralisation practices, some policy reforms were also enacted to give schools a degree of managerial autonomy and to provide the community with a participatory role in policymaking. Governance fragmentation and inefficiency were the problems that most concerned Indonesian reformers when they firstly discussed and formulated the reform program (Jalal and Supriadi, 2001). By removing the central government’s bureaucratic structure from local bureaucracies, it was expected that education delivery would become more efficient and the district government the only education authority in the regions (World Bank, 1998a). However, this has never been the case. On the one hand, decentralisation was welcomed by local élites as a big increase in power and authority. They do become dominant education authorities which control all public schools and teachers in their territories. On the other hand, despite the central-government structure’s removal, education decentralisation reform did not significantly reduce the MoEC’s influence. Two years after decentralisation, in 2003, a new education law was passed and the MoEC was given a new role: that is, setting the national education standards. With these standards, the ministry is authorised to inspect school performance through the school accreditation, student performance through the national examinations, and teacher performance through the teacher certification policy. In addition, to ensure those standards were maintained, the central government started to regulate almost all facets of education: from curriculum to school uniforms. There are hundreds of ministerial regulations and trillions of rupiah allocated from the central government budget to support the implementation of the standards. This makes the structure of Indonesian education governance so contradictory: it is radically decentralised but at the same time highly standardised. The demands of decentralisation and standardisation have become increasingly stronger from the two competing parties: the local and central governments. The MoEC keeps producing and revising regulations and policy strategies to enforce the standards only to find that they are too often neglected by the local governments. Many of the MoEC’s regulations of things like school fees, principals’ appointment, teacher management and classroom size were evaded because they were at odds with local interests. This practice has frustrated MoEC officials who frequently express their bitterness. They are helpless to deal with all the local noncompliance because the MoEC no longer has the power to apply basis for reinforcing the legitimating capacity of educational decentralization as a global institution, the different practices might become the local source of delegitimation. Some nation-states would rethink their conformity to the international pressure of decentralization if they were aware that the policy would potentially lead them to another crisis of legitimacy
RINGKASAN DISERTASI: PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DALAM KOMUNITAS PERANTAU BUGIS DI PAPUA Sukardi Gau
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 38, No 1 (2012): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v38i1.304

Abstract

This research examines three aspects of language use in the Buginese community in Jayapura, Papua: 1) intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic language choice; 2) language shift among the Buginese youth; and 3) various prominent sociolinguistic issues, such as code alternation and interference. The research ?ndings show that the language choice among the Buginese typically involves four languages: the Indonesian, the Buginese, the Papuan Malay and the Makassarese Malay. It was found that intra-ethnic language showed patterns of code alternation and interference involving all the above languages. The Buginese only use the Indonesian and the Papuan Malay languages when interacting with other ethnic groups. Furthermore, this research found that language shift occurs, particularly among the younger Buginese generation. Generally, the Buginese children who have been born and raised in Papua do not speak the Buginese language and even have shifted to the Indonesian and the Papuan Malay languages while interacting with other Buginese. The Buginese language in general is spoken by the older generation and those who spoke the Buginese before migrating to Papua. This research has contributed new knowledge in the Buginese studies, particularly regarding those of the Buginese who have migrated to other Nusantara regions.Keywords: Pilihan bahasa, pergeseran bahasa, orang Bugis, dialek Melayu
MEMBANGUN DEMOKRASI EKONOMI: STUDI POTENSI KOPERASI MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS DALAM TATA KELOLA AGRARIA INDONESIA Dodi Faedlulloh
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 42, No 1 (2016): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v42i1.356

Abstract

As a country that once had the title of an agrarian country for most of its people are farmers, situation of agrarian in Indonesia shows the opposite. Land is the source of human life that was dominated by a handful of parties which cater to reach the coffers profit. The hope of the welfare of the people is still a problem that has not been completed. Social inequalities are becoming even rampant. The implication of social inequalities is agrarian conflicts in many regions of Indonesia. Resistance of the people in agrarian conflicts is getting bigger. This shows people's awareness of their rights. Agrarian governance in Indonesia has been stripped away the spirit of economic democracy initiated by the founding fathers. Therefore, the governance paradigm in agrarian must return to the spirit of economic democracy. The method used in this paper is the study of literature and using the phenomenological approach to make observations on the realities that are relevant to the assessment of the potential economic democracy in the governance of agrarian studies in Indonesia. All people have the right to have equal access and not to oppress in the use of agrarian resources. One form of the concrete actualization of economic democracy is by developing the cooperative as an alternative solution of agrarian governance in Indonesia. With multi-stakeholder cooperatives, agrarian reform can re-discover the substantive meaning, there is no longer a monopoly of the land and the people's welfare becomes possible.Keywords: Agrarian, Economic Democracy, Agrarian Conflict, Co-operative
NASIONALISME ETNIK DI KALIMANTAN BARAT Kristianus Kristianus
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 37, No 2 (2011): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v37i2.637

Abstract

Nowadays ethnical celebration triggered by the uncontrollable identity politics,is happening in Indonesia. In West Kalimantan, for instance, a struggle for theidentity politics has succeeded in forming new governments in district levels.The new district governments are always based on the dominant ethnic groupsin the area. The political impact of the identity politics can whip up the ethnicalspirit by giving hegemony to ethnic monitory in the area. This paper argues thatthis phenomenon could become ethnic nationalism. Theoretically, identitypolitics is a struggle of a group or marginal people (periphery) politically,socially as well as culturally and economically. Various ethnic con?icts inWest Kalimantan relate to the identity politics and the resistance towardsthe hegemony of the ruling ethnic elite. The paper concludes that the ethniccon?icts in West Kalimantan are the forms of effort of an ethnic group toshow their existence. These people have been threatened, or for a longtime they have been marginalized systematically, so that their spirit to fghtagainst hegemony rise. Identity politics appearing in the forms of culturalinstitution such as ethnic customary council could be explained as the ethnicsystematic efforts to strengthen their identity, which eventually could becomea prospective ethnic nationalism.Key words : Politics, identity, con?icts, nationalism, ethnic, hegemony.
GAMKONORA DAN WAIOLI: BAHASA DALAM KONSTRUKSI IDENTITAS ETNIK Ninuk Kleden; Imelda Imelda
Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 37, No 1 (2011): Majalah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia
Publisher : Kedeputian Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Kemanusiaan (IPSK-LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jmi.v37i1.603

Abstract

This paper compares and contrasts Gamkonora language with Waioli languagein west Halmahera, based on linguistic viewpoint. Lexicostatistical studieshave shown that Gamkonora language and Waioli language are two differentlanguages, though the dialect of Gamsungi, a variant of Gamkonora language,is fairly closed to Waioli language. This language variation has a signifcantrole in constructing ethnic identity, particularly if it is connected to anotherlinguistic form such as narrative.Whereas there is language variations in lexicostatistics, one will fnd variousversions in narratives. Both language variation as well as narrative versionscan become ideological persuasion that brings about group sentiments. Theconstruction of ethnic identity comes about owing to the fact that linguisticconditions are in?uenced by political power in the form of social stratifcation.This was the case with Gamsungi people who left the original village ofGamkonora because of the pressure from the upper class. The same thinghappened to people of Talaga who went away from that original villagebecause they refused to pay tax. Islamic in?uence that was established during the Ternate Sultanate and becomes the religion of Gamkonora people, has to face the Christian in?uence embraced by people of Waioli. The paperconcludes that the characteristic of ethnic identity is consolidated by differentdialects and narrative versions as its linguistic underpinning.Keywords: ethic identity, political power, language variation west Halmahera

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