cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
bambang
Contact Email
bambang.afriadi92@gmail.com
Phone
+6285692038195
Journal Mail Official
bambang.afriadi92@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jln. Siswa Raya, Kelurahan Belendung, Kecamatan Benda, Kota Tangerang, Indonesia » Tel / fax : 085692038195 /
Location
Unknown,
Unknown
INDONESIA
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Published by IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2747139X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Neuroscience Social Sciences Other
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education disseminates knowledge about Business, Law, and Education that useful to academics, educators, scholars, managers, practitioners, policy makers, consumers, and other stakeholders all around the world.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 807 Documents
 75   76   77   78   79 
Legal Certainty in the Execution of Death Sentences after Indonesia's 2023 Criminal Code: Probationary Death Sentence, Lex Favor Reo, and Transitional Governance Putu Oka Bhismaning; Diah Ratna Sari Hariyanto 
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1471

Abstract

This article examines the legal certainty of death-sentenced prisoners in Indonesia after the enactment and entry into force of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. The new Code does not abolish capital punishment, but relocates it outside the category of principal punishments and defines it as a special, alternative, and last-resort sanction. The most significant innovation is the ten-year probationary death sentence under Article 100, which allows commutation into life imprisonment when the prisoner demonstrates commendable conduct and a realistic prospect of rehabilitation. Using normative legal research, this article applies statutory, conceptual, case-based, and comparative human rights approaches to analyse Articles 3, 67, 98-102, 618, and related provisions of the National Criminal Code, the Clemency Law, the new Criminal Procedure Code, selected judicial decisions, policy reports, and international human rights materials. The article argues that Article 100 is structurally attached to the sentencing stage because the probationary period must be expressly stated in the judgment. Consequently, it cannot automatically govern prisoners whose death sentences became final before the new Code took effect, unless an implementing or transitional statute creates a specific conversion mechanism. The article contributes to the literature by distinguishing three legal pathways: prospective probation under Article 100, post-clemency conversion after ten years of non-execution under Article 101, and limited retroactive adjustment under Article 3(7) based on lex favor reo. It concludes that legal certainty requires an implementing statute under Article 102 that establishes objective assessment criteria, competent institutional authority, procedural safeguards, reasoned decisions, and a transitional regime for existing death row prisoners.
Legal Implications of Juvenile Sentencing Beyond the Prosecutor's Indictment Gusti Dewi Anggraini Puteri; Prija Djatmika; Faizin Sulistio
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1472

Abstract

This study examines the legal implications of juvenile sentencing beyond the prosecutor’s indictment in Decision Number 3/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/PN Bir concerning attempted aggravated theft with violence. The research aims to analyze the judicial reasoning underlying the decision and its juridical consequences within the Indonesian juvenile justice system. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and case approaches, the study analyzes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings reveal that although the indictment under Article 365(2) of the Criminal Code was not fully proven, the court convicted the child based on an uncharged but related and less severe offense, namely attempted aggravated theft. While such a decision appears inconsistent with the indictment principle under the Criminal Procedure Code, it remains aligned with established jurisprudence permitting conviction for a similar, less serious offense. Nevertheless, the ruling raises concerns regarding legal certainty, due process, and the protection of children's rights, particularly the principle of imprisonment as a measure of last resort.
Work Motivation, Work Discipline, and Employee Loyalty in a Public Water Utility: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction Defri Yuslana Karim; Fahrezzi Tegar Pamungkas; Muhammad Faraz Al Fath; Febrianty Febrianty; Reza Hardian Pratama
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1473

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines how work motivation and work discipline influence employee loyalty in the Regional Public Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of Bandar Lampung City, with job satisfaction positioned as a mediating mechanism. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative explanatory design was applied. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 82 permanent employees who had worked for at least one year. The model was assessed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Measurement quality was evaluated through indicator loadings, average variance extracted, and composite reliability, while the structural model was evaluated using path coefficients, t-statistics, p-values, and coefficients of determination. Findings: Work discipline had the strongest positive effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.614, p < .001), followed by work motivation (β = 0.322, p = .006). Job satisfaction significantly predicted employee loyalty (β = 0.517, p < .001). Work motivation also had a direct positive effect on employee loyalty (β = 0.309, p = .003), whereas work discipline did not directly predict employee loyalty (β = 0.142, p = .273). The coefficient pattern indicates that job satisfaction is a central mechanism linking motivation and discipline to loyalty. Originality/value: The study contributes to public-sector human resource management by showing that employee loyalty in a municipal water utility depends not only on rule compliance and motivation, but also on whether these conditions translate into felt job satisfaction.
Work Environment, Compensation, Work Motivation, Leadership Style, and Employee Work Productivity: Evidence from PT Bumi Menara Internusa Andika Saputra; Fahriyan Canda; Aditya Putra Mahendra; Febrianty Febrianty; Reza Rahardian Pratama
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1474

Abstract

This study examines the effects of work environment and compensation on employee work productivity, while considering the roles of work motivation and leadership style in a labor-intensive marine product processing company, PT Bumi Menara Internusa. The study applied a quantitative explanatory design and collected questionnaire data from 81 employees. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model showed acceptable indicator reliability, with standardized outer loadings ranging from 0.789 to 0.921 and construct reliability values exceeding the recommended threshold. The structural model explained 80.5% of the variance in leadership style and 80.0% of the variance in employee work productivity. Work motivation had a positive and significant effect on work productivity (β = 0.386, t = 2.335, p = 0.020). In contrast, the direct effects of work environment (β = 0.310, p = 0.141), compensation (β = 0.180, p = 0.248), and leadership style (β = -0.097, p = 0.627) on work productivity were not significant. Work environment positively influenced leadership style (β = 0.562, p < 0.001), whereas compensation had a negative significant effect on leadership style (β = -0.364, p = 0.003). Interaction effects involving work motivation were not significant. These findings indicate that productivity improvement in this organizational context is more strongly associated with employees’ internal motivational drive than with direct improvements in work environment, compensation, or leadership style alone. The study contributes to human resource management literature by showing the differentiated roles of job resources, compensation practices, motivation, and leadership in explaining employee productivity in an Indonesian industrial context.
The Effects of Service Quality, Healthcare Facilities, and Waiting Time-Patient Trust on Patient Satisfaction at Urip Sumoharjo Hospital, Bandar Lampung Febi Faulina; Nadia Riska Oktari; Indah Permata Sari; Febrianty Febrianty; Reza Hardian Pratama
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1475

Abstract

Patient satisfaction is a critical outcome indicator for hospital performance because it reflects how patients evaluate the technical, functional, and environmental aspects of care. This study examined the effects of service quality, healthcare facilities, and waiting time-patient trust on patient satisfaction at Urip Sumoharjo Hospital, Bandar Lampung. A quantitative cross-sectional explanatory design was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study involved 90 respondents, with demographic data indicating that 64.44% were female and 61.11% were younger than 25 years. The measurement model screening retained indicators with adequate outer loadings and removed weaker items below the recommended threshold. The structural model showed strong explanatory power, with service quality, healthcare facilities, and waiting time-patient trust explaining 70.8% of the variance in patient satisfaction (R² = 0.708; adjusted R² = 0.697). Path analysis demonstrated that service quality had a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction (β = 0.345; t = 4.215; p < 0.001), followed by waiting time-patient trust (β = 0.312; t = 3.890; p < 0.001) and healthcare facilities (β = 0.289; t = 3.182; p = 0.001). These findings indicate that patient satisfaction is shaped not only by tangible facilities but also by reliable, responsive, and trustworthy service processes. Hospital management should prioritize staff responsiveness, communication clarity, waiting time control, facility cleanliness, and equipment readiness to strengthen patient-centered service quality.
Graduated Capacity for Responsibility of Children Under Twelve in the Indonesian Juvenile Criminal Justice System: : A Mental-Capacity-Based Reformulation Syakhiya Aprilia Wardani; Milda Istiqomah; Faizin Sulistio
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1478

Abstract

Indonesian juvenile criminal law treats children below the age of twelve as outside the category of children in conflict with the law and restricts the available legal response to non-penal measures. Article 21 of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, together with Government Regulation No. 65 of 2015, allows the return of such children to their parents or guardians, or their placement in education, guidance, or social-welfare programmes. This model protects young children from punitive criminalization, but it also creates a normative difficulty when an under-twelve child commits a serious unlawful act, including sexual violence or homicide, because the law provides no meaningful gradation based on the gravity of the act, the child's individual mental capacity, or the victim's need for justice and protection. This article applies normative juridical research using statutory, conceptual, and policy-oriented approaches. It analyses Indonesian child justice law through the doctrine of fault, Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive and moral development, contemporary developmental science, and international child-rights standards. The article argues that chronological age remains indispensable as a protective threshold, but it should not operate as the sole determinant of legal response. A new category of diminished legal responsibility is proposed for children under twelve who are shown, through multidisciplinary assessment, to possess cognitive and moral understanding beyond their biological age. The category should not authorize imprisonment or criminal conviction. Instead, it should enable proportionate, restorative, rehabilitative, and victim-sensitive measures tailored to the child's maturity, risk profile, family environment, and the seriousness of the unlawful act.
The Legal Status of Non-Civil-Servant Employees Appointed by Rectors at State Universities with Legal Entity Status: Between the Labor Law and Civil State Apparatus Regimes Shafira Hilda Tryana; Istislam Istislam; Herman Suryokumoro
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1479

Abstract

This article examines the legal status of non-civil-servant employees appointed by rectors at Indonesian State Universities with Legal Entity Status (Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Badan Hukum, PTN-BH). The issue is legally significant because PTN-BH institutions are autonomous public legal entities that perform state functions in higher education while simultaneously exercising managerial authority comparable to that of employers in ordinary employment relationships. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and prescriptive approaches, this study analyses whether rector-appointed non-civil-servant employees should be governed by the Civil State Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara, ASN) regime or by Indonesian labor law. The analysis shows that these employees fall outside the formal scope of Law Number 20 of 2023 on the Civil State Apparatus because the ASN regime recognizes only Civil Servants (PNS) and Government Employees under Employment Agreements (PPPK), both of whom are appointed through the national civil-service management system. By contrast, the relationship between PTN-BH and rector-appointed employees contains the cumulative elements of an employment relationship under Indonesian labor law: work, wages, and command or subordination. The article argues that the problem is not a direct conflict between two statutes, but a regulatory vacuum arising from the hybrid institutional position of PTN-BH. Pending the enactment of a specific statutory framework, labor law provides the most coherent legal basis for protecting these employees' rights, including remuneration, social security, termination protection, and industrial dispute settlement. The article recommends regulatory harmonization to clarify their legal status while preserving the institutional autonomy of PTN-BH.
The Effect of Compensation, Work Discipline, Work Environment, and Psychological Workload on Employee Performance: Evidence from Kiyo Coffee Shop, Bandar Lampung Bayu Adi Pratama; Daffa Satrio; Farhan Achmad Satria; Febrianty Febrianty; Reza Hardian Pratama
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1480

Abstract

Employee performance is a central determinant of service quality and customer experience in the coffee shop sector, where employees are required to deliver products accurately, respond to customers promptly, and maintain service consistency under time pressure. This study examines the effects of compensation, work discipline, work environment, and psychological workload on employee performance at Kiyo Coffee Shop Pramuka, Bandar Lampung. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using a census approach involving all available employees. Data were collected through structured questionnaires developed from established human resource management and occupational psychology constructs and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model demonstrated acceptable convergent validity, with indicator loadings ranging from 0.724 to 0.920 and Average Variance Extracted values exceeding 0.50 for all constructs. The structural model showed strong explanatory power, with an adjusted R-square of 0.897 for employee performance. The results reveal that the work environment has a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance (β = 0.470; t = 2.836; p = 0.005). Compensation has a positive but non-significant effect (β = 0.396; p = 0.076), work discipline has a positive but non-significant effect (β = 0.102; p = 0.509), and psychological workload has a negative but non-significant effect (β = -0.047; p = 0.808). These findings indicate that, in a small-scale coffee shop context, the work environment is the most salient managerial lever for improving employee performance. The study contributes to human resource management literature by contextualizing performance determinants in a local hospitality microbusiness setting and offers practical implications for improving workplace facilities, interpersonal relations, leadership support, and workload management.
The Role of Financial and Non-Financial Compensation in Improving Employee Work Productivity at CV Galih Langgeng Jaya Restina Restina; Sasa Dwi Andriani Saputri; Taufik Edwar; Febrianty Febrianty; Reza Hardian Pratama
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1481

Abstract

Employee productivity remains a central concern for small and medium-sized enterprises because productivity determines operational continuity, cost efficiency, and the ability to achieve business targets. This study examines the effects of financial compensation and non-financial compensation on employee work productivity at CV Galih Langgeng Jaya. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected through a cross-sectional questionnaire survey involving the entire population of 88 employees, selected through census sampling. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results show that financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on work productivity (β = 0.324, t = 2.070, p = 0.038), while non-financial compensation also has a positive and significant effect (β = 0.493, t = 2.863, p = 0.004). The model explains 61.2% of the variance in employee work productivity, indicating moderate-to-substantial explanatory power. Non-financial compensation has the stronger effect, suggesting that recognition, a supportive work environment, harmonious work relationships, and career development opportunities are critical productivity drivers. However, the heterotrait-monotrait ratio indicates discriminant validity concerns between several constructs, particularly financial and non-financial compensation; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution and future studies should refine the measurement items. The study contributes to human resource management literature by demonstrating the combined role of material and psychological rewards in enhancing employee productivity in a medium-sized enterprise context.
Criminal Liability for the Homicide of an Abusive Husband by a Wife as a Domestic Violence Victim: Normative Ambiguity of Self-Defense and a Victim-Sensitive Interpretation in Indonesian Criminal Law Putu Dea Anindita Putri Biantara; Diah Ratna Sari Hariyanto
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i1.1482

Abstract

This article examines the criminal liability of a wife who kills her husband after prolonged domestic violence, focusing on the normative ambiguity of self-defense and excessive self-defense under Indonesian criminal law. The study is motivated by a recurring doctrinal problem: homicide provisions formally apply to every person who unlawfully takes another person’s life, whereas the factual background of domestic violence often involves cumulative abuse, psychological domination, fear, and survival-based decision-making. The article applies normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and systematic interpretive approaches. Primary legal materials include Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code and Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence, while secondary materials include criminal law doctrine, victimology, gender-based violence scholarship, and selected comparative literature on battered women who kill abusive partners. The analysis finds that Article 43 of the 2023 Criminal Code, which recognizes excessive self-defense caused by severe mental disturbance resulting from an unlawful attack or threat of attack, remains insufficiently determinate when applied to domestic violence because it does not define clear criteria for severe mental disturbance or adequately address continuous and cumulative violence. Law Number 23 of 2004 can function as a systematic interpretive instrument because it legally recognizes physical, psychological, sexual, and economic/neglect-based violence within the household. Accordingly, the article proposes a victim-sensitive framework for judicial assessment that integrates the pattern of prior violence, causal connection between abuse and the lethal act, psychological evidence, the survivor’s perception of imminent danger, proportionality, and available safe alternatives. Such an approach is necessary to reconcile legality, culpability, legal certainty, and substantive justice in cases where a domestic violence victim becomes a homicide defendant.

Page 77 of 81 | Total Record : 807

 75   76   77   78   79 

Filter by Year

2020 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education More Issue