cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
bambang
Contact Email
bambang.afriadi92@gmail.com
Phone
+6285692038195
Journal Mail Official
bambang.afriadi92@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jln. Siswa Raya, Kelurahan Belendung, Kecamatan Benda, Kota Tangerang, Indonesia » Tel / fax : 085692038195 /
Location
Unknown,
Unknown
INDONESIA
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Published by IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2747139X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Neuroscience Social Sciences Other
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education disseminates knowledge about Business, Law, and Education that useful to academics, educators, scholars, managers, practitioners, policy makers, consumers, and other stakeholders all around the world.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 807 Documents
 77   78   79   80   81 
The Effect of Compensation and Workload on Turnover Intention Through Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Security Outsourcing at PT Putratama Satya Bhakti in the Jakarta Area Melinda Pauziah; Febrisi Dwita
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1496

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and workload on turnover intention through job satisfaction as an intervening variable among outsourcing security employees at PT Putratama Satya Bhakti Jakarta Area. The population in this study is all outsourcing security employees at PT Putratama Satya Bhakti Jakarta Area. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling method. The sample size in this study is 93 respondents. The analysis method used is path analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 27. The results of this study indicate that compensation and workload have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, compensation does not have a significant effect on turnover intention, while workload has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. The results of the Sobel Test also indicate that job satisfaction cannot mediate the effect of compensation and workload on turnover intention. The research findings show that turnover intention among outsourced security employees at PT Putratama Satya Bhakti Jakarta Area is more directly influenced by workload rather than through job satisfaction. High job demands and work pressure are factors that drive turnover intention, so companies need to manage workload and create comfortable working conditions to reduce employee turnover intention.
International Legal Challenges in Addressing Diplomatic Defection Involving a Third State: A Normative Study of the Ri Il Kyu Case Marcello Ardra P. S; Dhiana Puspitawati; Adi Kusumaningrum
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1498

Abstract

Diplomatic relations remain one of the oldest and most institutionalised mechanisms through which states communicate, negotiate, protect national interests and maintain peaceful cooperation. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 (VCDR) codifies the core rules governing the establishment of diplomatic relations, the functions of diplomatic missions, diplomatic privileges and immunities, and remedial measures such as persona non grata. Yet the Convention does not expressly regulate the situation in which a diplomatic agent abandons his or her post in the receiving state and seeks protection or permanent relocation in a third state. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual and case approaches, this article examines the reported defection of Ri Il Kyu, a North Korean diplomat posted in Cuba who defected with his family to South Korea in November 2023. The article argues that the problem should not be described as a complete legal vacuum, because several applicable regimes already exist, including the VCDR, treaty law, human rights law, refugee law and peaceful dispute settlement under the United Nations Charter. However, these regimes are fragmented and do not provide an integrated procedure for allocating rights and obligations among the sending state, the receiving state and the third state. The article therefore proposes a specialised multilateral protocol or soft-law guideline on diplomatic defection, built upon good faith, proportionality, sovereign equality, non-intervention, non-refoulement, protection of family members, confidentiality of official materials and peaceful dispute settlement.
Control of Essential Facilities by State-Owned Enterprises as an Abuse of Dominant Position: An Indonesian Competition Law Perspective David Al Fath Yustino; Hanif Nur Widhiyanti; Amelia Sri Kusuma Dewi
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1499

Abstract

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) occupy a constitutionally significant position in Indonesia because they are entrusted with managing sectors of production that are important to the state and affect the livelihood of the public. In many network industries, however, SOEs also control facilities that are technically, economically, or legally indispensable for competitors to enter and operate in adjacent or downstream markets. This article examines whether and under what conditions the control of essential facilities by SOEs may constitute an abuse of dominant position under Indonesian competition law. Using normative legal research, this study combines statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. It analyses Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, the SOE legal framework, the Essential Facilities Doctrine, and the Indonesian Competition Commission Decision No. 02/KPPU-I/2013 concerning PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero). The article argues that SOE control over strategic infrastructure is not unlawful per se where it is grounded in a public mandate and implemented for public-interest objectives. Nevertheless, refusal of access, discriminatory access conditions, tying access to the use of affiliated services, disproportionate access fees, and self-preferencing may transform lawful control into an exclusionary abuse where such conduct forecloses competitors or raises their operating costs without objective justification. The article proposes a five-factor analytical test: essentiality of the facility, dominance of the facility controller, exclusionary or discriminatory conduct, demonstrable anticompetitive effect, and absence of objective justification. It concludes that Indonesian law should explicitly incorporate clearer essential-facility standards and that KPPU should issue specific guidelines to reconcile SOE public mandates with competition neutrality.
Securing Access to Counsel in Mass Arrests of Protesters: Due Process of Law and the Reconstruction of Indonesia’s New Criminal Procedure Code Dewa Ayu Anom Wantika; Komang Widiana Purnawan
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1500

Abstract

Mass arrests during public demonstrations raise a distinctive due process problem in criminal procedure: the state may lawfully maintain public order, yet coercive measures must not sever arrested persons from legal assistance at the earliest stage of custody. This article examines access to counsel in mass arrests of protesters in Indonesia through the principle of due process of law and the reform of the Criminal Procedure Code under Law No. 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP 2025). Using normative legal research, the article applies statutory, conceptual, and regulatory-design approaches to constitutional norms, criminal procedure, legal aid legislation, and international standards on liberty, fair trial, and early access to legal aid. The article argues that Indonesian law formally recognizes the right to legal assistance, including through KUHAP 2025 and Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid. However, these guarantees remain framed primarily for ordinary individual criminal cases and do not provide an operational mechanism for mass arrests, where identification, notification, access to counsel, and documentation occur under compressed time and high police discretion. The article therefore proposes an Emergency Legal-Aid Protocol (Protokol Bantuan Hukum Darurat/PBHD) consisting of automated custody notification to accredited legal aid organizations and oversight bodies, mandatory delay of interrogation until counsel is present or a valid waiver is recorded, and a transparent public communication channel for families and lawyers. This protocol would shift legal aid from a passive right to an enforceable state duty and would better align protest policing with due process, accountability, and the protection of constitutional rights.
The Administrative-Law Consequences of Fraudulent Diplomas in the Appointment of Civil Servant Candidates in Indonesia Jihan Virgia Mahalidia; I Wayan Parsa
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1502

Abstract

This article examines the administrative-law implications of using fraudulent diploma documents in the appointment of Civil Servant Candidates (Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil, CPNS) in Indonesia. The central problem is not merely whether the diploma is false, but whether a State Administrative Decision (Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara, KTUN) appointing a CPNS remains valid when it was issued on the basis of educational credentials that later prove unlawful. Using normative legal research, the article applies statutory and conceptual approaches to Indonesian civil-service law, government-administration law, and doctrinal principles of administrative validity. The analysis demonstrates that a diploma in CPNS recruitment functions as a substantive requirement for proving educational qualification under the merit system, rather than as a purely formal administrative attachment. A fraudulent diploma therefore contaminates the factual basis of the appointment decision and creates a substantive defect in the decision-making process. Nevertheless, under the principle of presumptio iustae causa, the appointment decision remains effective until it is revoked or annulled by the competent authority or by a court. The Personnel Supervisory Officer (Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian, PPK) may consequently correct the defective decision through revocation (intrekking) or annulment (vernietiging), subject to legality, carefulness, due process, and reasoned decision-making. The article further argues that administrative sanctions, including dishonourable dismissal where the legal requirements are satisfied, may be imposed independently of criminal forgery proceedings. The study contributes to administrative-law scholarship by clarifying the relationship between credential fraud, substantive defects, and the legal continuity of public-employment appointment decisions.
Regulatory Mitigation of Digital Bank-Run Risk in Indonesia's Rupiah Digital: A Normative Legal Framework for Monetary and Financial Stability Mochamad Ilham Fatahillah; Adi Kusumaningrum; Reka Dewantara
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1503

Abstract

Indonesia's development of the Rupiah Digital, the country's prospective central bank digital currency (CBDC), offers a strategic opportunity to modernise the payment system, strengthen monetary sovereignty in the digital sphere, and broaden access to central-bank money. Yet a retail CBDC also creates a distinctive financial-stability risk: a digital bank run in which depositors rapidly migrate funds from commercial bank deposits to risk-free central-bank liabilities. This article examines the urgency of regulating digital bank-run risk in the circulation of the Rupiah Digital and reconstructs an ideal regulatory model for Indonesia. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative-institutional approaches, the article analyses the 1945 Constitution, the Currency Law, the Banking Law, the Bank Indonesia Law, the Financial System Crisis Prevention and Resolution Law, the Financial Services Authority Law, and Law No. 4 of 2023 on Financial Sector Development and Strengthening. The study finds five structural gaps in Indonesia's existing legal framework: the absence of retail CBDC holding limits, tiered remuneration rules, digital-run crisis protocols, CBDC-specific emergency liquidity arrangements, and ecosystem-wide cyber-risk governance. These gaps are legally significant because the Digital Rupiah's status as a direct liability of Bank Indonesia may accelerate systemic disintermediation under conditions of panic. The article proposes a five-pillar regulatory architecture comprising dynamic holding limits, tiered remuneration, statutory crisis protocols and circuit breakers, an emergency CBDC liquidity facility, and cyber-risk governance. It argues that these safeguards should be enacted at the statutory level and integrated into the Financial System Stability Committee framework before full public deployment of the Rupiah Digital.
Legal Aid Implementation in Indonesia: Regulatory Design, Institutional Barriers, and Access to Justice I Kadek Rico Vergian Dinatha Dinatha; Komang Widiana Purnawan
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1504

Abstract

Indonesia constitutionally affirms the rule of law, equality before the law, and equal legal protection. In practice, however, economic inequality, limited legal literacy, uneven institutional distribution, and administrative rigidity continue to restrict access to justice for poor and vulnerable communities. This article analyzes the legal framework governing state-funded legal aid in Indonesia and identifies the principal legal and institutional problems that arise in its implementation. Using a socio-legal design, the study combines statutory analysis of Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid, Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates, Government Regulation No. 42 of 2013, and related instruments with factual analysis of public reports, survey findings, and secondary legal scholarship. The findings show that Indonesia has substantially transformed legal aid from a voluntary pro bono practice into a state responsibility funded through the national budget. Nevertheless, four implementation problems remain salient: the persistence of informal operational charges despite the free-service mandate; ambiguous parameters for identifying eligible poor beneficiaries; low public awareness of free legal aid, with 62.9% of respondents in a 2024 national survey unaware of the service; and a rigid three-year verification and accreditation cycle for legal aid organizations. The article argues that the Indonesian legal aid regime requires more precise eligibility standards, explicit prohibition and monitoring of hidden charges, rolling accreditation, stronger public legal education, and integrated digital outreach. These reforms are necessary to align statutory design with the constitutional promise of equal access to justice.
Digital Marketing Capabilities and MSME Competitiveness in the Industry 4.0 Era: An Integrative Literature Review Mochammad Fahmi; Carnaval Rego Rio Sidabutar
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1505

Abstract

This study examines how digital marketing contributes to the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Industry 4.0 era. Rather than treating social media, search engine optimization, content marketing, e-commerce, and online marketplaces as isolated promotional tools, the review conceptualizes them as a portfolio of complementary organizational capabilities. A structured integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize conceptual and empirical research on digital transformation, digital marketing adoption, customer engagement, and SME performance. The synthesis identifies five interrelated capability domains: social media interaction, content and search visibility, e-commerce and marketplace participation, customer data and analytics, and cross-channel integration. These capabilities influence performance through improved market visibility, customer engagement, trust, conversion, retention, and market learning. However, the relationship is contingent on digital literacy, managerial commitment, technological readiness, financial and human resources, logistics and payment infrastructure, and platform-related risks. The evidence supports a broadly positive association between digital marketing capability and MSME outcomes, but causal claims should remain cautious because much of the literature is cross-sectional, self-reported, and context-specific. The article contributes a capability-mechanism-outcome framework and a staged implementation agenda for MSME managers and policymakers. It concludes that sustainable competitiveness depends less on the adoption of a single platform than on the coordinated development, measurement, and continuous reconfiguration of digital marketing capabilities.
Collection Development of Library Materials at Universitas Pendidikan Nasional Ni Made Merlina Dwi Heriani; Laylatul Munawwaroh
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1506

Abstract

Purpose: This article examines the stages of library-material collection development implemented at the Universitas Pendidikan Nasional (Undiknas) Library in Denpasar, Bali. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a descriptive qualitative single-case design. Data were obtained through direct observation, structured interviews with the head librarian, library staff, and students, and document analysis of collection records, development procedures, and institutional policy documents. The analysis was organized through data reduction, thematic coding, cross-source comparison, and interpretation using the collection development cycle proposed by Evans and Saponaro. Findings: Collection development at the Undiknas Library is implemented through six interrelated stages: user-needs analysis, policy orientation, selection, procurement, weeding, and evaluation. The library has built a hybrid collection consisting of printed books, theses, textbooks, magazines, e-books, and institutional digital repository materials. The findings show that collection decisions are strongly shaped by curriculum relevance, lecturer and student requests, donations, grants, and borrowing statistics. However, the study also identifies three areas requiring strengthening: the formulation of an internal written collection development policy, more sustainable acquisition funding, and more systematic evaluation of digital and print collections. Originality/value: The article contributes case-based evidence from an Indonesian private university library and demonstrates how international collection-management theory can be operationalized in a local institutional context.
Digital Leadership, Knowledge Management, and Employee Performance Holy Arif Wibowo; Indah Sulistyowati; Intan Sari Oktoberia; Zaharuddin Zaharuddin; Irawan R. D. Budianto; Anas Ma’ruf
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1507

Abstract

Public-sector digital transformation is often framed as a technological modernization project, yet recurrent difficulties in government digitalization indicate that leadership capability, knowledge governance, and employee engagement are equally decisive. This study examines the effects of digital leadership and knowledge management on employee performance, and tests employee engagement as a mediating mechanism, in a knowledge-intensive public health policy organization in Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional census survey was administered to all 56 employees of the Center for Health System Resilience Policy (Pusjak SKK), Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. The measurement model satisfied convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency criteria, with indicator loadings above 0.70, average variance extracted values above 0.50, and heterotrait-monotrait ratios below 0.90. The structural model explained 65.2% of the variance in employee engagement and 74.4% of the variance in employee performance. Digital leadership and knowledge management had positive and significant direct effects on employee engagement and employee performance. Knowledge management was the strongest antecedent of engagement (β = 0.580, p < 0.001), while employee engagement was the strongest direct predictor of performance (β = 0.475, p < 0.001). The indirect effects of digital leadership and knowledge management on performance through engagement were also significant, indicating partial mediation. The findings suggest that digital capability in public bureaucracies produces performance gains not only through systems and infrastructure, but through engaged employees who are able to convert digital vision and organizational knowledge into policy-relevant work. The study contributes to the integration of Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Knowledge-Based View, and Job Demands-Resources Theory in explaining performance in knowledge-intensive public organizations in the Global South.

Page 79 of 81 | Total Record : 807

 77   78   79   80   81 

Filter by Year

2020 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education More Issue