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International Journal of Business, Law, and Education
Published by IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2747139X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Neuroscience Social Sciences Other
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education disseminates knowledge about Business, Law, and Education that useful to academics, educators, scholars, managers, practitioners, policy makers, consumers, and other stakeholders all around the world.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 807 Documents
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Legal Certainty for Children Born Through Surrogacy in Indonesia: A Normative Juridical Analysis I Gede Taruna Santosa; I Nyoman Bagiastra
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1537

Abstract

Surrogacy presents a regulatory paradox in Indonesia. The current health-law framework permits assisted reproduction only for legally married spouses using their own gametes and requires embryo transfer to the wife from whom the ovum originates. It therefore excludes gestational surrogacy from authorized medical practice. Nevertheless, the same framework does not comprehensively determine the parentage, civil status, registration, and protection of a child who is born through a clandestine domestic arrangement or a cross-border surrogacy arrangement. This study examines that gap through normative juridical research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis covers constitutional child-rights guarantees, marriage and civil law, health legislation, regulations on assisted reproduction, adoption rules, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The study finds that a surrogacy agreement is unlikely to be enforceable because its purpose conflicts with mandatory health-law provisions and the lawful-cause requirement of Indonesian contract law. However, the invalidity of the adults' arrangement cannot extinguish the child's independent constitutional rights. Scientific evidence may support a civil relationship with the genetic father under the Constitutional Court's reasoning, but Indonesian positive law still provides no equally clear route for recognizing the genetic intended mother. Adoption can provide interim protection, yet it changes the juridical basis of the relationship and cannot substitute for a specific parentage regime. A progressive-law approach therefore requires a child-centred framework that separates the regulation of adult conduct from the protection of children, guarantees birth registration and identity, enables judicial determination of parentage, allocates parental responsibilities, preserves the right to origins, and addresses cross-border cases.
Corporate Legal Liability for Failure to Register Workers in Indonesia's Social Security System: A Good Corporate Governance Perspective I Made Upadana Putra Miasa; Made Aditya Pramana Putra
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1540

Abstract

This article examines the legal consequences of a corporation's failure to register workers in Indonesia's national social security system and evaluates that non-compliance through the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). It applies doctrinal legal research using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System, Law No. 24 of 2011 on the Social Security Administering Bodies, Law No. 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement, the labour-law framework as amended by Law No. 6 of 2023, and Government Regulation No. 86 of 2013. The analysis shows that the duty to register workers is a mandatory statutory obligation rather than a discretionary employee benefit. Failure to register directly attracts administrative sanctions and may also support a rights dispute and civil compensation where loss and causation are established. Criminal liability should not be inferred automatically from non-registration; under the BPJS Law it arises only when the specific statutory elements of contribution-related offences are satisfied. From a governance perspective, non-registration indicates failures of responsibility, accountability, fairness, transparency, board oversight, and internal control. The article develops an integrated liability-governance framework that connects legal sanctions with preventive corporate controls, including workforce reconciliation, contribution audits, board-level compliance reporting, accessible worker grievance procedures, and documented remediation. This framework clarifies the boundary between administrative, civil, industrial-relations, and criminal consequences while positioning social-security compliance as a core corporate-governance obligation.
Digital Transformation of Business Administration Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: : A Conceptual Framework for Higher Education Eka Annisa Zulqaidah; Kadaruddin Kadaruddin
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1542

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating the digital transformation of higher education and is changing the competencies expected of Business Administration graduates. This conceptual article develops the Artificial Intelligence-Based Business Administration Learning (AI-BAL) Framework to explain how AI can be integrated into Business Administration curricula without reducing education to technology adoption. The study uses a concept-driven integrative review and theory-synthesis approach. Literature on digital transformation, artificial intelligence in education, AI literacy, management education, human-AI augmentation, and responsible AI was examined and organized through iterative concept identification, categorization, relational mapping, and framework construction. The resulting framework connects four core layers: AI technologies, digital pedagogical transformation, Business Administration competencies, and graduate outcomes. These layers are shaped by external drivers, enabled by institutional leadership, faculty capability, infrastructure, policy, and industry collaboration, and governed by cross-cutting principles of human agency, transparency, fairness, privacy, accountability, inclusion, and academic integrity. The framework positions pedagogy as the mechanism that converts technological affordances into disciplinary competence and proposes a continuous evaluation loop for curriculum improvement. Six propositions specify testable relationships among AI adoption, pedagogy, competency development, institutional readiness, and graduate outcomes. The article contributes a discipline-specific and empirically testable model for curriculum redesign, faculty development, governance, and future research in Business Administration education.
Social Pathology in Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review of Dysfunction, Power, and Symbolic Responsibility Erni Rusyani
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1543

Abstract

This study examines social pathology in organizations and its role in shaping organizational behavior. Social pathology is understood as dysfunctional social, cultural, and structural conditions that weaken ethical conduct, trust, accountability, participation, and organizational legitimacy. Using a structured literature review design, this study analyzed articles retrieved from Scopus through a search strategy combining terms related to pathology, social problems, organizational dysfunction, and organizational contexts. The initial search produced 5,662 records. After applying inclusion criteria related to publication year, language, document type, subject area, and topical relevance, 10 journal articles were selected as the final corpus for analysis. The selected studies were analyzed thematically. The findings show that social pathology in organizations appears through four major patterns: organizational hypocrisy and symbolic social actions, governance failure and organizational dysfunction, social exclusion and power imbalance, and organizational responses to social problems and sustainability. The review suggests that social pathology should not be understood merely as individual misconduct but as a multi-level organizational condition shaped by discourse-practice gaps, weak governance, unequal power relations, exclusionary practices, and symbolic responsibility. This study contributes to organizational behavior literature by offering an integrated conceptual understanding of how pathological social conditions emerge, operate, and can be addressed within organizational settings.
Geothermal Energy for Resilient Energy Systems: A Systematic Literature Review Arif Atmoko; Rudy Laksmono; Novky Asmoro
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1544

Abstract

This systematic literature review investigates how geothermal energy contributes to energy resilience across electricity, heating, cooling, urban infrastructure, and industrial applications. Guided by PRISMA 2020, the review identified 365 Scopus records using geothermal- and resilience/sustainability-related terms. After filtering English-language journal articles published during 2015–2025 and screening titles, abstracts, full texts, and accessibility, 10 studies were included. Thematic synthesis identified four resilience pathways: dependable baseload and thermal supply; long-term resource stewardship through reinjection and thermal recharge; technological adaptability through ground-source heat pumps, aquifer modelling, hybrid systems, and repurposed wells; and economic-environmental robustness through lower emissions, reduced fuel-price exposure, and infrastructure reuse. Persistent constraints include high upfront costs, geological uncertainty, reservoir degradation, fragmented regulation, and limited social acceptance. Geothermal energy is therefore a strategic resilience asset, but its benefits depend on integrated technical, financial, institutional, and community-governance arrangements.
Presidential Authority and National Legal Policy Formation: A Comparative Constitutional Analysis of Indonesia and the United States I Gede Putu Sentana Wirayoga; I Gede Pasek Eka Wisanjaya
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1545

Abstract

Presidential systems allocate executive and legislative authority through different constitutional arrangements, yet the practical capacity of a president to shape national legal policy cannot be inferred from formal powers alone. This article compares presidential authority in Indonesia and the United States by examining four dimensions of legal-policy capacity: agenda initiation, participation in ordinary legislation, unilateral rule-making, and institutional control. Using normative legal research and a functional comparative-law method, the study analyzes constitutional provisions, legislation, constitutional jurisprudence, and relevant scholarship on presidentialism and executive–legislative relations. The analysis shows that the Indonesian President operates as a constitutionally integrated co-legislator. Although the House of Representatives formally holds legislative power, bills require joint deliberation and approval, while the President may initiate bills and issue government regulations in lieu of law under constitutionally specified emergency conditions. By contrast, legislative power in the United States is vested in Congress, and the President primarily shapes statutes through agenda leadership, partisan bargaining, presentment and veto, and administrative directives. The difference is therefore not a simple contrast between a strong and a weak presidency. Indonesia concentrates presidential influence within the ordinary legislative process and multiparty coalition bargaining, whereas the United States channels presidential influence through interbranch bargaining and unilateral administration constrained by statutes, Congress, courts, and bureaucratic implementation. The article argues that democratic legal-policy formation requires not merely balanced textual powers, but also transparent coalition management, meaningful public participation, reasoned emergency lawmaking, and effective legislative and judicial review.
The Mediating Role of Learning Motivation: A Structural Equation Model of Student Learning Outcomes Andi Sessu; Besse Arnawisuda Ningsi; Irvana Arofah
International Journal of Business, Law, and Education Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Law, and Education (on progres)
Publisher : IJBLE Scientific Publications Community Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56442/ijble.v7i2.1551

Abstract

Student learning outcomes are shaped by both individual motivational processes and the academic environment. This study examined the direct and indirect associations among learning interest, campus environment, learning motivation, and student learning outcomes. Data were obtained from 172 students in the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The structural results showed that learning interest was not directly associated with learning outcomes (β = −.177, p = .062), but it was positively associated with learning motivation (β = .511, p < .001). Campus environment was positively associated with both learning outcomes (β = .325, p = .001) and learning motivation (β = .444, p < .001), while learning motivation was positively associated with learning outcomes (β = .265, p = .029). Learning motivation significantly mediated the relationships between learning interest and learning outcomes (β = .135, p = .035) and between campus environment and learning outcomes (β = .118, p = .048). The model explained 67.4% of the variance in learning motivation but only 20.3% of the variance in learning outcomes. These findings indicate that interest is more likely to translate into academic outcomes when it is accompanied by sustained motivation, whereas a supportive campus environment contributes through both direct and motivational pathways. The findings should nevertheless be interpreted cautiously because the reported cross-loading matrix contains a discriminant-validity anomaly that requires verification against the original PLS output.

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