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INDONESIA
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development
ISSN : 27221164     EISSN : 27221156     DOI : https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd
International Journal of Business, Economics and Social Development (IJBESD) is published 4 (four) times a year and is the flagship journal of the Research Collaboration Community (RCC). It is the aim of IJBESD to present papers which cover the theory, practice, history or methodology of Business, Economics and Social Development. However, since Business, Economics and Social Development are primarily an applied science, it is a major objective of the journal to attract and publish accounts of good, practical case studies. Consequently, papers illustrating applications of Business, Economics and Social Development to real problems are especially welcome. GENERAL BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT e-Business International Business Business Strategy Marketing Supply Chain Management Organization Studies Entrepreneurship and Business Development Enterprise Innovation Human Resource Management Business Ethics Business Economics Business Communication Business Finance International Business and Marketing Organizational Development and Challenges Leadership and Corporate Governance Tourism Operations Management Human Resources Economics Regional Economics Industrial Economics Financial Economics Labor Economics Law and Economics Regulatory Economics Economic Growth and Development Policy Technological Change, Innovation Research and Development Economic Systems GENERAL ECONOMICS Economic Methodology Schools of Economics Production and Organizations Market Structure and Pricing Welfare Economics Public Finance & Public Choice Prices, Business Fluctuations Economic Policy International Finance International Economics Institutional & Corporate Finance Accounting Insurance and Risk Management Monetary Banking Marketing Management Issues Innovation and Change Management Banking and Finance Natural Resource Economics Microeconomics Economics in Development and Sustainability Issues Comparative Economic Systems Stock Exchange Business Economics Capital Market Macroeconomics Economics Theory and Policy Issues Energy Economics and Policy Monetary Economics Public Economics Other areas of Economics COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Social Work Health and Sport Sciences Human Development Quality of Life Psychology Communication Public Administration Leadership Style Sociology Anthropology Religious Studies Civilizations Social Innovation Other areas of Social Studies and Art & Humanities Political Science Public Policy Political Psychology Protection of Children and Women Political Party System Education Social Sciences Education Science Education Pre-School Education Measurement and Evaluation Talent Development Education Management Education technology Street Children Education Ethnoscience and many more
Articles 329 Documents
AI Adoption in Business: Opportunities and Challenges for Start-ups Irman, Dede; Putra, Deva
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.881

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a technology that plays an important role in business transformation, including in the start-up sector. This study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges in adopting AI in start-up businesses and its impact on company performance. The research method used is a qualitative and quantitative approach by collecting data through surveys, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study show that AI provides various benefits for start-ups, such as increasing operational efficiency, optimizing decision-making, personalizing customer service, and reducing labor costs. The fintech and e-commerce sectors are the industries with the highest rates of AI adoption due to the need for automation and data security. However, the implementation of AI also faces various challenges, including high costs, limited expertise, integration with legacy systems, and data security and regulatory issues. Further analysis shows that start-ups that successfully adopt AI have a mature strategy in technology investment and human resource development. In addition, the effective implementation of AI can increase the competitiveness of start-ups and support sustainable business growth. Therefore, a strategic approach is needed in facing the challenges of AI implementation so that the benefits obtained can be optimized. This study is expected to provide insights for business owners, investors, and policy makers in developing more effective AI adoption strategies in the future.
Factors Influencing the Human Development Index in Indonesia Using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square Saefullah, Rifki; Ningsi, Besse Arnawisuda
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.884

Abstract

HDI is a benchmark for a country in achieving human development in the country. Indonesia is a developing country with a relatively increasing HDI value every year. This shows that the efforts made by Indonesia are going well. However, Indonesia experienced a decrease in HDI value in 2019 towards 2020, due to restrictions on activities caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, the HDI value in each province in Indonesia is uneven, even from the publication data of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows a significant difference in HDI value between provinces in Indonesia. So that evaluation and improvement are needed to be able to equalize and stabilize HDI in Indonesia. HDI value can be influenced by several factors including economy, education, and health. This study aims to determine the direct effect of economic variables on HDI, the direct effect of education variables on HDI, the direct effect of health variables on HDI, the indirect effect of education variables on HDI through economic variables and health variables. The data used in this study are data on the Human Development Index of economic, education and health variables along with the indicators that measure them, from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2022. This study applies SEM-PLS to determine the factors that influence the Human Development Index (HDI). The results of this study indicate that economic variables and education variables have a direct influence on the Human Development Index (HDI), while health variables have no direct influence on the Human Development Index (HDI). Then the education variable through the economic variable has an indirect effect on the Human Development Index (HDI), and the education variable through the health variable has no indirect effect on the Human Development Index (HDI).
The Role of Value Creation Innovation in Mediating the Relationship Between Digital Transformation, Strategic Agility, and Organizational Performance Nurcahyo, Marsanto Adi; Hermawan, Asep; Anggiani, Sarfilianty
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i2.885

Abstract

The objectives of this study are to examine the mediating role of value creation innovation in the relationship between organizational performance and the independent variables digital transformation and strategic agility. This study employs a quantitative research method with a nonprobability sampling approach and purposive sampling technique, targeting first-level and middle-level managers as the unit of analysis. The final sample consists of 156 respondents with data collected cross-sectionally. The collected data were analyzed using SmartPLS version 4. The results indicate that value creation innovation plays a full mediating role in the relationship between digital transformation and strategic agility on organizational performance, as the estimated mediation effect is greater than the direct effect. Theoretical implications of this research highlight that incorporating value creation innovation as a mediating variable strengthens the impact of digital transformation and strategic agility on organizational performance. The limitations of this study are that the respondents are only companies in bonded zones whose numbers are limited, with variables and research methods that are still limited. Future research should consider expanding the sample to include companies beyond bonded zones, integrating additional exogenous variables into the research model, and employing qualitative or mixed methods approaches to gain deeper insights.
Comparative Analysis of LSTM and GRU Models for Ethereum (ETH) Price Prediction Saputra, Moch Panji Agung; Ibrahim, Riza Andrian; Saputra, Renda Sandi
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.887

Abstract

The increasing use of cryptocurrencies has changed the dynamics of investment, presenting both opportunities and challenges for investors. Although various studies have compared the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in predicting financial asset prices, there are still differences in results regarding which model is superior. Therefore, this study aims to compare the performance of LSTM and GRU in predicting Ethereum prices using a hyperparameter tuning approach. The data used is historical data of Ethereum (ETH) shares from 2020 to 2025. The research methodology includes data preprocessing using Min-Max scaling, model development with various layer configurations, and comprehensive evaluation using several performance metrics. The results show that the GRU Model provides superior performance with a lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.0234 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0168, compared to LSTM's RMSE of 0.0265 and MAE of 0.0193. While LSTM exhibits a slightly better Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 18.08% compared to GRU at 18.17%, the GRU model achieves a higher R² Score of 0.9442 compared to LSTM at 0.9282. Visual analysis of the prediction patterns and residual distributions further demonstrates GRU’s more consistent and accurate performance in capturing Ethereum price movements. These findings suggest that while both models are effective for cryptocurrency price prediction, GRU offers slightly better overall performance and stability, especially in maintaining consistent prediction accuracy across different market conditions.
The Impact of the Digital Economy on Employment and Workforce Structure in Indonesia Lianingsih, Nestia; Irman, Dede; Nurnisaa, Nurnisaa
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.889

Abstract

This study examines the impact of the digital economy on employment and workforce structure in Indonesia. The digital economy in Indonesia is growing rapidly, driven by e-commerce, digital financial services, app-based transportation, and artificial intelligence-based technology, with a projected contribution of more than USD 130 billion by 2025. Using a mixed-method approach, this study analyzed data from 200 respondents consisting of workers in the digital economy sector and traditional sectors affected by digitalization, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 representatives of workers, business actors, and policy makers. The results showed that 68% of respondents considered the digital economy to increase job opportunities, although 40% of respondents admitted that digitalization also caused job losses in certain sectors. Changes in the workforce structure are seen in the increasing need for technology skills (45%), digital marketing (35%), and digital business management (30%). The main challenges faced by workers include lack of digital skills (50%), uncertain income (40%), and lack of social security (35%). This study recommends strengthening digital skills training programs through collaboration between the government and the private sector, developing regulations for protecting digital workers, and increasing financial inclusion for digital economy workers. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of workforce transformation in the digital era and provides strategic input for policymakers in managing the workforce transition towards an inclusive and sustainable digital economy.
The Influence of Electronic Human Resource Management, Strategic Leadership, and Work Motivation on Organizational Performance in Indonesian Army Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Organizational Culture Permana, Ade; Arafah, Willy; Anggiani, Sarfilianty
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i2.890

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM), Strategic Leadership, and Work Motivation on the Organizational Performance of Indonesian Army hospitals, with Organizational Culture as a mediating variable. Implementing this research in the context of military hospitals is expected to enhance the performance of Indonesian Army hospitals. This study employs a quantitative approach with a non-probability sampling method, specifically purposive sampling. The analyzed unit consists of middle-to-upper-level leaders in Indonesian Army hospitals. Data were collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1–5, distributed to 278 respondents. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze data and examine the relationships between variables, including the mediating role of Organizational Culture. The results indicate that E-HRM does not directly influence Organizational Performance but has a positive effect through Organizational Culture as a mediator. Strategic Leadership significantly and directly impacts Organizational Performance, while Work Motivation does not have a direct influence but positively affects Organizational Performance through Organizational Culture. Additionally, Organizational Culture fully mediates the positive effects of E-HRM and Work Motivation on Organizational Performance and partially mediates the relationship between Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance. This study contributes to theory and management practices by developing a model integrating E-HRM, Strategic Leadership, and Work Motivation within the Indonesian Army hospital context. It provides insights for optimizing leadership strategies, strengthening Organizational Culture, enhancing Work Motivation, and improving the effectiveness of E-HRM implementation to achieve better Organizational Performance.
Financial Distress Prediction Analysis at PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk for 2020-2023 Using the Grover, Taffler and Springate Methods Hasanah, Fayza Safira; Hasanah, Ananda Putri; Budianto, Erwin
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i2.891

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential financial distress of PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk during the period 2020-2023 using three prediction models: Grover, Taffler, and Springate. Financial distress is an early sign of financial instability that can lead to bankruptcy, so it is important to analyze it to prevent greater risks. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with secondary data from the company's financial statements. The results of the analysis show that although Garuda Indonesia's financial condition improved in 2021 and 2022, financial stress returned in 2023. The Grover model is more sensitive in identifying financial distress, while the Taffler method tends to be optimistic, and Springate shows more variable results. Based on these findings, companies need to implement more effective financial strategies to maintain their stability and reduce the risk of bankruptcy.
The Role of Boundary Spanning Strategy in Mediating the Improvement of Organizational Performance: A Study on the Indonesian Ministry of Health Hospital Paryanto, Paryanto; Arafah, Willy; Anggiani, Sarfilianty
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i2.892

Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the role of Boundary Spanning Strategy in mediating the influence of Organizational Culture, Strategic Leadership, and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance within the context of a study conducted at Ministry of Health hospitals in Indonesia. These hospitals are characterized by resource-intensive operations, substantial capital, advanced technology, detailed procedures, and complex challenges. Additionally, strict regulations, silo culture, and bureaucratic complexity often hinder innovation and managerial effectiveness. Methodology - This study adopts a quantitative approach using a non-random purposive sampling technique with a cross-sectional or one-shot design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to top- and middle-level managers across 37 Ministry of Health hospitals throughout Indonesia. A total of 320 responses were collected and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 3 software. Findings - The results indicate that Boundary Spanning Strategy fully mediates the influence of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance and partially mediates the influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance. Meanwhile, although Job Satisfaction has a direct influence on Organizational Performance, its indirect effect through Boundary Spanning Strategy is not significant, indicating the absence of mediation. Implications - The theoretical implication of this research is to extend the understanding of organizational theories, particularly Resource-Based View and Organizational Behavior Theory, by emphasizing the critical role of boundary-spanning strategies in enhancing organizational performance. Practically, the findings offer guidance for hospital managers to strengthen boundary-spanning competencies, prevent silo culture, and foster cross-unit collaboration within the organization. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of regulatory support to encourage boundary-spanning behaviors in the healthcare sector. Research Limitations - The limitations of this study include the use of a single quantitative approach and a cross-sectional design, which restrict the understanding of the dynamic relationships between variables over time. Therefore, future research is recommended to employ a mixed-methods approach with a longitudinal design to gain a more comprehensive insight into the studied phenomenon.
Impulsive Buying Tendency among Emerging Adults Using Pay Later on E-Commerce Platforms Dewanto, Priscilla; Dahesihsari, Rayini
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i1.897

Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia has increased the use of pay later services, which allow consumers to defer payments for online purchases. While offering convenience, this trend has contributed to a rising non-performing loan (NPL) rate, reaching 72.6% (around Rp 3.28 trillion), with emerging adults being the primary contributors. Their impulsive buying tendencies, influenced by identity exploration and instability, may lead to unplanned spending due to the ease of pay later services. This quantitative descriptive study surveyed 246 emerging adults (18-25 years old) who have used pay-later on e-commerce platforms. Participants completed the Impulsive Buying Tendency Scale (IBTS), adapted for pay later usage. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, categorization, correlation, and comparative tests. Findings indicate that most pay later users show high impulsive buying tendencies, with affective dimension being stronger than cognitive aspect. These insights can help educate emerging adults on responsible pay later usage.
The Influence of Work Efficiency, Strategic Leadersip, and Organizational Change Mediated by Digital Transformation on the Organizational Performance of Indonesian Army Hospitals Mustakman, Fauzi; Arafah, Willy; Anggiani, Sarfilianty
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v6i2.899

Abstract

This quantitative study aims to analyze the mediating role of Digital Transformation on Organizational Performance in Level II Army Hospitals of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI AD), with independent variables including Work Efficiency, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change. Data collection was conducted using a cross-sectional approach, employing non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The unit of analysis comprised individuals at the Top and Middle Management levels of Level II Army Hospitals, with a total population of 318. Data were collected online via Google Forms, yielding 209 valid responses, which were subsequently analyzed using SEM-PLS version 3. The study's findings explain 10 hypotheses, consisting of 7 direct effect hypotheses, of which 4 were supported and 3 were not. Additionally, there were 3 indirect effect hypotheses, where 1 was supported and 2 were not. The most dominant indirect effect hypothesis revealed a positive full mediation effect of Digital Transformation between Organizational Change and Organizational Performance. The theoretical implication indicates that incorporating Digital Transformation as a mediating variable strengthens the impact of Organizational Change while weakening the influence of Work Efficiency and Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance. Meanwhile, the managerial implication suggests that Digital Transformation in Level II Army Hospitals of TNI AD has a significant impact on Organizational Performance. This study also has limitations, as data were collected only from 14 out of 77 Level II Army Hospitals under the TNI AD healthcare system. The originality of this research lies in the fact that studies examining the influence of Digital Transformation and Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance in Army Hospitals remain scarce