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Syaiful Rohman
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Gedung Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global, Universitas Indonesia (Salemba, Jakarta) Jl. Salemba Raya No. 4 Jakarta 10430 Telp : 021 – 3900538, 021 – 3929717, 021 – 3924710, 021 – 3100059
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INDONESIA
Journal of Terrorism Studies
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 26569965     EISSN : 27221512     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/jts
Core Subject :
As a form of contribution of Terrorism Studies, Strategic and Global Studies Universitas Indonesia to the development of science, Journal of Terrorism Studies (JTS) "focuses on topics relating to radicalism and terrorism both in the review of Islamic, economic and political studies in dealing with terrorist issues in Indonesia and the World. Research in the JTS journal as a form and effort in intellectual transformation, at the same time provides an opportunity for researchers who are concerned in scientific studies in the field of Radicalism and Terrorism to express ideas supported by deepening of material and data. The Editorial Team hopes that the JTS journal can be a means of contributing to the development of science and providing an overview of the problems, handling and steps that must be taken to prevent and reduce radicalism and terrorism. Hopefully the presence of JTS can be beneficial for the life of the nation and state going forward.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 77 Documents
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EFFORTS OF RAISING THE TERRORIST SEPARATISTS WEST PAPUA REVOLUTIONARY ARMY IN BORDER REGION RI - PNG Araf, Sulthan; Wardoyo, Broto; Nurish, Amanah
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

TRWP (West Papua Revolutionary Army) is the most important part of the Terrorist Separatist Group (KST) which is an armed group with the main goal of seceding from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This group is also a group that exists in the papua province based in the border area of Indonesia, precisely in Kampung Yako State of Papua New Guinea. The history records, this Terrorist Separatist Group stand with the aim of the liberate West Papua, believing it’s not a unity with the State of Indonesia or other Countries. Those who continue to survive and struggle to spread radicalism stand to separate themselves from the Sovereign State of the Republic of Indonesia with the main mission to liberate West Papua from the Government of Indonesia. In 2018 the Government of Indonesia designated TRWP as KST in accordance with Law No. 5 of 2018 on Terrorism. As a form of seriousness tni - AD in KST fundraising efforts, the TNI - AD Intelligence Datasemen unit formed a Vulnerable Area Security Post located in Skouw Papua around the Cross-Border Post area which one of its main programs conducts Investigation, Security and Fundraising of KST Members.
JURIDICAL-NORMATIVE REVIEW OF THE DESIGNATION OF ARMED CRIMINAL GROUPS (KKB) IN PAPUA AS TERRORIST GROUPS Napang, Marthen; Rohman, Syaiful
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

There are differences of opinion among various groups after the stipulation of the Armed Criminal Group (KKB) in Papua as a terrorist group/organization. KKB has been identified with the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB-OPM), which is one of the armed separatist movements in Papua. The determination based on armed violence carried out by the KKB has political, ideological, and security motives which are elements in the crime of terrorism. In the context of criminal law reform, the drafters of the Criminal Code separate criminal acts of terrorism and treason in different forms and concepts. Separately, they are categorized as special crimes and crimes against state security. By using the normative juridical method, the authors conclude that the determination of the KKB as a terrorist group/organization is the right policy of the Indonesian government. Based on the three motives above, the KKB can now be categorized as an ethnic-nationalist separatist terrorism group.
KETERLIBATAN GERAKAN SEPARATISME DALAM UPAYA KEMERDEKAAN CATALONIA DARI SPANYOL Widodo, Agus; Nugrahani, Henny Saptatia Drajati
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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Abstract

The aim of the research is to find out the factors that caused the failure of the separatist movement to liberate the autonomous region of Catalonia from Spain, as well as to explain the defense-security strategy carried out by the Spanish government to maintain Catalonia as an inseparable part of this country. The researcher conducts an analysis based on two research questions: why the separatist movement failed to liberate Catalonia from Spain and what defense-security strategy the Spanish government did to defend Catalonia. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by processing primary data in the form of interviews with selected sources. In this study the Separatism Concept and Securitization Theory are used as the basis for researchers in conducting analysis. The findings of this study are as follows: first, the Catalan community is an important factor why the separatist movement failed to liberate Catalonia from Spain, even though it was through a referendum. The number of Catalonian people's participation in the referendum did not reach 50% of the total voter turnout. The next factor is the European Union which is firmly in the position of rejecting the existence of separatism in Catalonia which encourages the involvement of this autonomous region from Spain, which is a member state of the European Union. The second finding is the result of the analysis that the Spanish government has succeeded in carrying out a defense and security strategy through several decisive actions, namely the dissolution of the Catalan parliament, the takeover of the autonomous government of Catalonia, and holding elections for the election of the new Catalonia parliament which is considered to have been dominated by the separatist movement.
REDEFINE THE CONCEPT OF LONE WOLF IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL JIHAD Ashghor, Aly
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to conceptualize or redefine the concept of "lone wolf” in the context of global jihad. This article uses a meta-analysis approach by proposing two literature review methods, namely an effort to track a number of literatures that are the basis for defining lone wolf acts of terrorism and tracking a number of literatures that discuss the phenomenon of global jihad. This article finds that there are no acts of global jihad terrorism that operate independently, technological developments have pushed the global jihad agenda by Islamic activism on a local scale through social media as an instrument of mobilization and communication without having to interact directly. Therefore, this article concludes that the concept of global jihad glocalization is more appropriately used to refer to acts of terrorism carried out independently by Islamic-based terrorism groups rather than using the term "lone wolf". For this reason, the glocalization of global jihad in the process of ideological doctrine or the process of becoming radicalized is no longer conventional but runs in virtual spaces of social media.
STRATEGIES AND POLICIES IN ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA Syamsir, Rudy; Rohman, Syaiful
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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Abstract

Papua always an interesting discussion along with the rampant acts of violence against civilians carried out by the Independent Papua Organization (OPM), which were later labeled with various terms such as the Armed Separatist Group (KSB), Armed Criminal Group (KKB), Armed Separatist Criminal Group (KKSB). KKB carried out acts of violence in killing civilians, government officials vandalizing and burning public facilities. Because of the ways that are similar to acts of terrorism, this group is finally called the Armed Terrorism Group (KTB). The Indonesian National Army (TNI) and Indonesian Republic Police (POLRI) security forces have taken repressive actions with armed contact as an effort to uphold law and sovereignty, especially in responding to the actions of armed separatist groups. Although some believe that the crackdown by the officers will lead to human rights violations. In this paper, the author will try to analyze the security enforcement of KTB and also look at the development side of Papua. This study uses qualitative methods with comprehensive analysis through accountable data. Research suggests that the State must provide a sense of security to Papuans who are often terrorized, protect the rights of Papuans who are often taken away by the KTB group. So, it can be said that the repressive actions of the TNI-Polri security forces against KTB were not human rights violations.
SHORTCUT TO TERRORISM: SELF-RADICALIZATION AND LONE- WOLF TERROR ACTS: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA Riyanta, Stanislaus
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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Abstract

A surprising phenomenon was observed in the lone-wolf terror terrorism that occurred in Indonesia. This is associated with the fact that the perpetrators of seven out of thirteen cases reported were exposed to radical information through social media and the internet without directly joining a terrorist group. The process involved the intensive exploration of the internet by people previously interested in radicalism content which eventually led to self-radicalization and the subsequent terror acts. Meanwhile, Fathali M Moghaddam proposed that the process of radicalization before a terror act is conducted involves six stages of action known as the staircase to terrorism. This concept was, however, observed to be irrelevant to the lone-wolf terror act considering the fact that the second to fifth stairs are usually reached through a shortcut based on the activities conducted on the internet. Therefore, this study proposed an adjustment to the Moghaddam's staircase to terrorism due to the rise of self-radicalization through the internet and also developed a prevention mechanism which involves community engagement to build community resilience towards preventing the shortcut through the provision of efforts to complement the actions of security forces in order to stem the prevalence of lone-wolf terror in the country.
PREVENTION OF TERRORISM ATTACKS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN INDONESIA AIRPORT Wahyudi, Rizki; Priyanto, Sapto, Mr.
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This research previously identified civil aviation as a vulnerable and appealing target. Terrorism-related airport security concerns have gained much attention since the 9/11 attacks. Terrorist assaults against flights, airports, passengers, crew, and cargo continue to pose a severe threat to human and national security worldwide. The X Indonesia International Airport is a civil enclave airport that offers the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design to combat these attacks and threats (CPTED). This article aims to provide an overview of airport security management and present a CPTED concept for avoiding a terrorist assault and threat. This paper employs a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and a literature review as a data-gathering strategy. The result depicts the CPTED concept developed to prevent terrorism: access control, surveillance, and territoriality. Furthermore, it is believed that collaboration in security management would be ideal in carrying out CPTED to eradicate terror elements and establish a sense of security in public venues. Thus, it is envisaged that the creation of this idea would help the X International Airport region build a sense of security and stability and eradicate terror fears.
COLLABORATION STRATEGY IN THE PENTA-HELIX CONCEPT: DERADICALIZATION PROGRAM FOR TERRORIST SEPARATISM GROUPS IN PAPUA Firmansyah, Muhammad Zaenuddin; Priyanto, Sapto; Bilney, Megan
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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Abstract

Abstract On 29 April, 2021, The Indonesian Government declared the Armed Criminal Group (KKB) as a Separatism Terrorist Group (KST), in response to the casualties, both from the military and civilian parties. In particular, the death of the Kabinda of Papua and Bharada Komang was a catalyst for this announcement as previous conflict resolution steps failed to address the ongoing conflict in Papua. The increased risk of terrorism in the Papuan region is driven by the lack of research into focused deradicalization programs. In this article, the author seeks to address how a targeted deradicalization program is an appropriate conflict approach to this situation. This paper proposes the Penta-Helix concept as a suitable program, which seeks to facilitate the specific needs for deradicalisation in this region. The Penta-Helix concept is based on five factors: the history of separatism in Papua, the traditions of the Papuan people, the variance between religious and secular radicalism, the concept of deradicalisation and disengagement, and the TNI-Polri Operasi Penggalangan and the current deradicalization program in Indonesia. The collaboration and cooperation of the Pentahelix concept’s five factors, in the form of representative actors, are essential in the development and implementation of three stages of the proposed deradicalization program: identification, psychological adjustment, and aftercare. Finally, this paper outlines eight recommendations, called the “Optimization Strategy for the Deradicalization Program”, which intend to be applied for sustainable deradicalisation of Papuan terrorism separatists.
HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERSANGKA TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME: STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA Adesta, Fayez Ghazi Mutasim, Mr.; Priyanto, Sapto, Dr.
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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Abstract

Terrorism is the use of force or threat to use force with the aim of bringing a political change, this is the definition according to Brian Jenkins. It is not doubted by anyone that the crime of terrorism is an act of crime that is extraordinary. However, similar to any other crimes, the principle of innocent until proven guilty should always be upheld. This is due to the fact that we should presume anyone’s innocence until the court of law hold otherwise. This paper is aimed to further discuss pertaining to the human rights of an accused of crime of terrorism both in Indonesia and in Malaysia based on terrorism laws of both countries, namely, Law Number 5 of the Year 2018 and Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 (SOSMA) & Prevention of Terrorism Act 2015 (POTA).
UNDERSTANDING TERRORISM: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW AND THE PAINFUL TRUTH: HOW POWERFUL NATIONS LEGITIMIZE TERRORISM Antwi-Boasiako, Kwame B; Davis, Cindy P.
Journal of Terrorism Studies Vol. 4, No. 2
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Abstract

Despite human beings’ noble achievements on this planet including medicine, technology, physics, and chemistry, there is one characteristic of humans, which is disturbing and that act is “committing extreme cruelty and violence against its own species” (Smith 2007:41). This cruelty by human beings against themselves stems from many factors including power, ideology, religion, and terrorism. These categorizations, as Smith (2011) noted, are unfortunately used to dehumanize the other through societal definitions where one group, the powerful, sees itself as the paragons of civilization against the other, the weak, as barbarians. Terrorism, racism, ideology, and religion are but some of the variables nations have used and continue to employ to dehumanize others. By and large, powerful societies and nations regularly commit acts of terrorism yet there is the fear on the part of the weaker nations to openly accuse the former of their strategic atrocities. This paper attempts, through meta-analysis, to explain the ambiguities in defining terrorism and argues the painful truth is that powerful nations do utilize terrorism to advance their ideological, religious, and territorial acquisition ambitions while the small nations are blamed and accused as supporting terrorism for resisting the atrocities of the former.

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