International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS)
nternational Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) is a peer-reviewed electronic international journal. This statement clarifies ethical behaviour of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the chief editor, the Editorial Board, the Peer-reviewer and the Publisher Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. Aims and Scope International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS): Public health, economics, Anthropology, sociology, geography, history, environmental studies, business, administration, political science, cultural studies, ethnography.
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<![CDATA[Corporate Responsibility for Consumer Losses in Tte Digital Economy Era ]]>
<![CDATA[Anindya Bidasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Dyra S Madhona]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Murni]]>;
<![CDATA[Mieke Anggraeni Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Darmawan Tri Budi Utomo]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8948
<![CDATA[The development of the digital economy has created a major transformation in the patterns of interaction between businesses and consumers across various sectors, ranging from e-commerce and digital financial services to data-driven platforms. While this transformation provides convenience and efficiency in economic activities, it also presents serious challenges regarding legal protection for consumers. Issues such as data breaches, online fraud, and algorithmic manipulation have emerged as tangible risks resulting from the imbalance of power between digital corporations and users. This article aims to examine the legal responsibility of corporations in the context of the digital economy by employing a normative juridical approach through an analysis of relevant legislation, legal responsibility principles, and case studies on consumer rights violations in online environments. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has several legal instruments such as the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law, their implementation still faces significant obstacles in law enforcement and inter-agency coordination. The complexity of cross-border jurisdiction and the weakness of online dispute resolution mechanisms further complicate corporate accountability. Therefore, strengthening regulations, establishing independent supervisory institutions, and increasing consumer legal awareness are necessary to create a balance between technological innovation and the protection of public rights in the rapidly evolving digital economy.]]>
<![CDATA[Criminal Law Protection for Demonstrators from Repressive Actions by Authorities ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuji]]>;
<![CDATA[Andi Wahyuddin Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Zulkarnain S]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulianis Safrinadiya Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Nopiana Mozin]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8950
<![CDATA[Demonstrations represent a tangible form of freedom of expression and opinion, which are fundamental elements of a democratic system. In Indonesia, this right is constitutionally guaranteed and further regulated under Law No. 9 of 1998 concerning the Freedom to Express Opinions in Public. However, in practice, the implementation of this right often clashes with repressive actions by security forces. The excessive use of force, unlawful arrests, and acts of violence against protesters illustrate the weak legal protection afforded to citizens exercising their constitutional rights. Such circumstances raise serious concerns regarding the enforcement of human rights and the rule of law in Indonesia. This article aims to analyze the criminal law protection afforded to demonstrators from repressive actions by law enforcement officers who exceed their authority. The discussion examines the national legal framework, the principles of criminal liability for officers, and mechanisms for fair and proportional law enforcement. The study adopts a normative juridical approach, analyzing statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant case studies. The findings indicate that repressive acts by officers may constitute criminal offenses when they violate the principles of legality and proportionality in the use of force. Furthermore, the state bears a constitutional obligation to provide effective legal protection for citizens who become victims of such abuses of power. Therefore, a stronger system of accountability and oversight is essential to ensure that citizens’ rights to peaceful assembly and expression are genuinely protected within Indonesia’s legal framework.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Neglected Posterior Elbow Dislocation Managed with Open Reduction With and Without K-Wire Fixation ]]>
<![CDATA[Luthfi Wal Ilkram]]>;
<![CDATA[Nino Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Benny]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8983
<![CDATA[Neglected posterior elbow dislocation presents a significant surgical challenge due to chronic soft tissue contractures and joint stiffness. Open reduction is the standard treatment, but the benefit of additional K-wire fixation remains uncertain. This observational analytic study with a case-control design was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. A total of 50 patients with neglected posterior elbow dislocation treated between January 2020 and December 2024 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: open reduction with K-wire fixation (n = 25) and without fixation (n = 25). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the qDASH score, range of motion (ROM), and joint instability. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. There were no significant differences between the two groups in qDASH scores (p = 0.551), ROM (p = 0.529), or joint instability (p = 0.773). Most patients (64%) achieved minimal disability, 72% had normal ROM, and 78% showed no signs of instability postoperatively. Open reduction of neglected posterior elbow dislocation yields comparable functional outcomes with or without K-wire fixation. The addition of K-wire does not appear to significantly influence disability scores, range of motion, or elbow stability. Surgical success may depend more on soft tissue management and rehabilitation than on internal fixation.]]>
<![CDATA[Feasibility Analysis of Egg-Laying Chicken Business Performance in Donggala Regency (Case Study of CV. Taufik Nur) ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhamad]]>;
<![CDATA[Guasmin]]>;
<![CDATA[Burhanuddin]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8989
<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the financing analysis and feasibility of the performance of a laying hen farm in Donggala Regency. This research is a case study on the laying hen farm business of CV. Taufik Nur located in Donggala Regency. The determination of the research location was done intentionally (purposive), with the consideration that CV. Taufik Nur is one of the laying hen farm businesses that has been running its business for quite a long time in Donggala Regency. Primary data collection was obtained through observation and interviews with the management of CV Taufik Nur, while secondary data was obtained from related agencies and literature relevant to the purpose of this study. The results of the study indicate that the company has a fairly high liquidity ratio, above the industry average standard. The results of the average Leverage ratio calculation are very small compared to the amount of working capital owned, in other words, the amount of company debt provides a small contribution to the value of the company's equity. The Activity ratio value obtained from the turnover of raw materials is quite smooth where the company uses layer chickens for 1.5 years to 2.5 years before being culled. The profitability ratio analysis shows that the company's condition is generally good, as evidenced by the Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin ratios, which are above the industry average. Furthermore, the operating expenses ratio is generally low, at below 35%. However, the ROI ratio obtained shows that the return on investment is below the industry average of 30%.]]>
<![CDATA[Feasibility Analysis of Superior Local Commodity Agroindustry to Increase Farmers' Income Around Forests ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Jumiyati]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9021
<![CDATA[The production of shallots is abundant at certain times, namely during the harvest, causing the price of shallots to be relatively cheap and conversely at a time when shallot production decreases, the price is relatively high. This study aims to find out the non-financial aspects as well as analyze the financial aspects of the local Palu fried onion processing business. The determination of the local fried onion agroindustry in Palu is carried out purposively, while the selection of respondents of business actors/farmers is carried out by census with saturated samples because it involves all members of the group totaling 20 people. The data analysis methods used in this study are qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was used to find out the general picture of the Palu fried onion agroindustry from non-financial aspects related to business profiles and processing processes which were then described descriptively. Meanwhile, financial analysis is related to Income Analysis, Feasibility Analysis, Break Even Point Analysis and Return on Investment Analysis. The results of the study describe the Organizational Structure and Production Process of local fried onions in Palu. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of financial aspects, it shows that the income of the local fried onion agroindustry in Palu has an income of Rp. 3,540,000 for 1 (one) production, the feasibility value is 1.36. Furthermore, the value of BEP consisting of BEP production of 289 packs and the value of BEP of receipts is Rp. 5,780,000 and a value of 35.54% which means that investment through the local Palu fried onion agroindustry will provide a profit of 35.54%.]]>
<![CDATA[Non – Operative Treatment Outcome of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis of the Femur in Infants: A Case Series ]]>
<![CDATA[Iman Dwi Winanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Yudha Satria]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9022
<![CDATA[Introduction: Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection involving bone, its marrow, and the adjacent structures. The most common mechanism of infection in children is hematogenous, thus called hematogenous osteomyelitis (HO). There is an absolute requirement of antibiotic therapy. Surgery is considered in some cases. This is a report presenting 2 cases of distal femur HO in infants treated non – operatively with intravenous antibiotic alone. Case Presentation: Case 1: A one month old male infant was admitted due to swollen knee with pus producing sinus on the medial side for the last one month, without any systemic manifestation. Laboratory showed leucocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Cytology showed granulomatous inflammation. Plain radiograph showed bone destruction with periosteal reaction and MRI showed heterogenic hyperintense lesion with penumbra sign on the distal femur. Intravenous Ampicillin Sulbactam 225 mg/6h and Amikacin 50 mg/24h were given for 7 days were given, continued with oral of Co-Amoxiclav 3 x 2.5 mg/ day for another week. The patient showed marked clinical and laboratory improvement after therapy; Case 2: A three-month old male infant with similar sign and symptoms was admitted, but it was on the right limb. Laboratory showed leucocytosis, increased ESR, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP). Plain radiograph and MRI examinations showed similar results with the first case. Intravenous Ceftriaxone 350 mg/12h for 7 days, continued with Cefadroxil 2 x 150 mg / day for another week was given. The similar clinical and laboratory outcomes with the first were achieved. Discussion: Whether or not surgical intervention is required, the successful treatment of all forms of osteomyelitis requires appropriate antibiotic therapy. Studies have shown that appropriate antibiotic therapy alone without surgical intervention may suffice for 90% of cases of HO. In some cases of complicated HO, surgical incision and drainage (including multiple procedures) may be indicated. Conclusion: HO in infant patients may be adequately treated by antibiotic alone with satisfactory result. Drug of choice, course of administration, and duration of treatment are important factors. Nevertheless, surgery should also be considered in a failed conservative treatment.]]>
<![CDATA[The Validity of Electronic Agreements in the Perspective of Indonesian Civil Law ]]>
<![CDATA[Febrihadi Suparidho]]>;
<![CDATA[Septira Putri Mulyana]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9023
<![CDATA[The development of information and communication technology has given rise to various new forms of legal relationships in society, one of which is electronic contracts. In classical civil law, agreements are always associated with written forms and physical signatures. However, the digital era demands a reinterpretation of civil law principles to maintain their relevance. This study aims to analyze the validity of electronic agreements from the perspective of Indonesian civil law, by examining the relationship between the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE). The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results indicate that electronic agreements have the same legal validity as written agreements as long as they meet the requirements for a valid agreement as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and the provisions for valid electronic documents as stipulated in Article 5 of the UU ITE. However, challenges remain in terms of evidence and legal protection for parties in electronic transactions.]]>
<![CDATA[Legal Strength of Deeds Under the Hands of Notaries in Civil Proof ]]>
<![CDATA[Febrihadi Suparidho]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni Ristanti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9024
<![CDATA[A deed is a written evidence that plays an important role in proving civil cases. In practice, deeds are divided into authentic deeds and private deeds. Private deeds that are legalized by a notary often raise questions about their evidentiary power. This study aims to analyze the legal position and evidentiary power of private deeds that have been legalized by a notary in civil disputes. This study uses normative legal research and a normative legal approach with qualitative analysis sourced from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that legalization by a notary does not change a private deed into an authentic deed, but provides reinforcement to the date and signatures of the parties that the date and signatures on the private deed are indeed legalized before a notary. Thus, the deed has higher evidentiary power than ordinary private deeds, but is not equivalent to an authentic deed.]]>
<![CDATA[Event Study of the Indonesian Presidential Election on the Capital Market in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Djayani Nurdin]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Yunus Kasim]]>;
<![CDATA[Erwan Sastrawan Farid]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9034
<![CDATA[This study aims to evaluate the impact of the 2024 Presidential Election of the Republic of Indonesia on the capital market, specifically on companies listed in the LQ45 index. Utilizing an event study approach, this research measures changes in Abnormal Return (ART), Trading Volume Activity (TVA), and Bid-Ask Spread (BAS) before and after the election. The analysis results indicate no significant difference in ART, suggesting that the Indonesian capital market tends to be efficient in absorbing political information related to the presidential election. Investors seem to have already anticipated various political scenarios, minimizing the volatility of abnormal returns. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in TVA, indicating changes in investor trading behavior, such as portfolio repositioning and an increase in speculative activity. However, there is no significant difference in BAS, reflecting the stability of liquidity and market efficiency despite the occurrence of a major political event. Overall, the findings of this study reflect the maturity of the Indonesian capital market and provide insights for investors and regulators on how the market reacts to political dynamics, as well as the relevance of market efficiency in an emerging economic environment.]]>
<![CDATA[Criminal Liability of Police Officers in Cases of Abuse of Authority Against Protesters ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Setiawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumartini Dewi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu ]]>
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DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.9046
<![CDATA[The misuse of authority by law enforcement officers in handling public demonstrations remains a recurring issue within Indonesia’s legal enforcement practices. Such incidents are frequently manifested through arbitrary arrests, excessive use of force, and the criminalization of peaceful protesters. In fact, the right to express opinions publicly is explicitly guaranteed under the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 9 of 1998. Repressive actions of this nature not only constitute legal violations but also erode public trust in the police institution. From a criminal law perspective, officers who exceed their authority may be held accountable under provisions of the Indonesian Penal Code, such as Article 170 or 351 on acts of violence, as well as through internal disciplinary sanctions. This study employs both normative and empirical approaches, examining recent cases including the May Day 2025 demonstrations and the Kanjuruhan tragedy to highlight weaknesses in oversight mechanisms, both internal and external. Findings indicate that a culture of impunity persists, allowing officers to often escape criminal liability despite evidence of misconduct. Therefore, comprehensive reforms are urgently needed, including strengthening oversight systems, ensuring consistent law enforcement, and fostering cultural transformation within the police force to ensure accountability and justice are genuinely upheld.]]>
