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International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS)
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26856689     DOI : 10.31934/ijhess
Core Subject : Economy, Health, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Public Health Social Sciences
nternational Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) is a peer-reviewed electronic international journal. This statement clarifies ethical behaviour of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the chief editor, the Editorial Board, the Peer-reviewer­­­­­ and the Publisher Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. Aims and Scope International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS): Public health, economics, Anthropology, sociology, geography, history, environmental studies, business, administration, political science, cultural studies, ethnography.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 886 Documents
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A Literature Review Exploring the Effectiveness and Challenges of Charismatic Leadership of Kiai in the Transformation and Preservation of Islamic Educational Values Rahma; Andi Indriani Ibrahim; Syahbudin Adam; Zazabila; Mutiara; Agita; Pratiwi; Putri
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 3: July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i3.8209

Abstract

The charismatic leadership of a kiai (Islamic scholar) plays a central role in Islamic education, especially in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) as traditional educational institutions that still exist today. The charisma of a kiai is not only reflected in their authority but also in their ability to mobilize students, the community, and the educational environment to maintain Islamic values amidst modernization. However, the challenges of globalization, technological advancements, and changing mindsets of the younger generation require kiai leadership to continuously adapt without losing its authenticity. Therefore, it is important to conduct a literature review that explores the effectiveness and challenges of charismatic kiai leadership in transforming and preserving the values of Islamic education. To explore the effectiveness of charismatic kiai leadership and the challenges faced in preserving the values of Islamic education. The study was conducted through a literature review of various research papers, journals, and relevant scholarly works. Charismatic kiai leadership is effective in building loyalty, maintaining pesantren traditions, and adapting learning to contemporary developments. The main challenges include the influence of globalization, popular culture, limited resources, and the demands of technological adaptation. Charismatic kiai leadership has proven capable of maintaining the continuity of Islamic education values, but it needs to be supported by adaptive and innovative strategies to remain relevant in the modern era.".
Literature Review: Analysis Of Participatory Leadership Style Irham S Damopolii; Andi Indriani Ibrahim; Syahbudin Adam; Abd. Hamid; Rifki Maku; MIftahul Jannah D Lo’o
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8228

Abstract

Leadership plays a crucial role in the success of organizations, both in the education and business sectors. Amidst the dynamics of the modern work environment, the participatory leadership style, which emphasizes the involvement of team members in decision-making, is increasingly gaining attention. This approach is believed to enhance various aspects of organizational performance, ranging from teacher professionalism to employee performance in general. This style involves subordinates in the decision-making, planning, and evaluation processes, thereby creating a more collaborative and inclusive work environment. This literature review aims to analyze and synthesize findings from 20 scientific articles regarding the influence of participatory leadership style on employee performance, professionalism (especially teachers), work motivation, as well as other factors such as communication, work culture, work stress, and service quality in the context of educational organizations (schools, madrasahs, Islamic boarding schools, universities) and other organizations (business, government, hospitals, libraries). This research uses a literature review method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Analysis was conducted on 20 relevant scientific articles, discussing the implementation and impact of participatory leadership style. Data from each article were extracted based on objectives, methods, context, variables, and main findings related to the influence of participatory leadership, then synthesized to identify patterns, consistency, and differences in results. Literature analysis shows that the participatory leadership style consistently contributes positively to various organizational outcomes. Specifically, it was found that participatory leadership has a positive and significant influence on: Employee/staff performance, Teacher professionalism, Work motivation of employees/teachers. Work motivation was also found to be an important mediator and strongly influenced by communication, Job satisfaction, Organizational commitment, although some studies show insignificant influence, Quality of public services (through employee performance). The participatory leadership style is characterized by subordinate involvement in decision-making, active two-way communication , cooperation , and delegation of authority. Other factors such as work culture , work environment , compensation , and talent management also interact and influence the results. However, some studies also found that participatory leadership style does not always have a significant effect on performance in certain contexts or on work stress. Based on the literature review of 20 articles, it can be concluded that the participatory leadership style generally has a positive and significant influence on improving employee performance, teacher professionalism, work motivation, and job satisfaction in various types of organizations, including educational institutions. Active involvement, open communication, and collaboration are key to the effectiveness of this leadership style. Nevertheless, its success is influenced by the organizational context, work culture, and the readiness of leaders and team members. Challenges such as time and resource limitations need to be managed for the optimal implementation of participatory leadership.
Implementation and Impact of Servant Leadership in Various Contexts: Education, Organisations, Government, and Culture Andi Indriani Ibrahim; Syahbudin Adam; Selvi; Misra A Gundu; Sulis A Unggu; Yunifa Keleng; Rahmat M Bungu
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 3: July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i3.8230

Abstract

Servant Leadership is a leadership approach that places leaders as servants for individuals and groups, with a focus on empowerment, empathy, and devotion. Its implementation in various contexts shows positive results, both in the fields of education, organization, government, and culture. In education, servnt leadership encourages the creation of an inclusive and collaborative learning environment, while in organizations, this model increases the satisfaction, loyalty, and employee productivity. In the realm of government, Servant Leadership plays a role in building governance with integrity, increasing public confidence, and strengthening community participation. Meanwhile, from a cultural perspective, this leadership practice is adaptive because it can be adjusted to the local value of the community. Thus, Servant Leadership not only has a positive impact on the performance of individuals and institutions, but also strengthens sustainable social relations in various sectors of life.
Literature Review: Analysis of Democratic Leadership Styles Fibriyanti Daud; Andi Indriani Ibrahim; Syahbudin Adam; Salma A; Putri Aulia Duhi; Karmila Sibula; Nidyawati
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 7 No. 4: October-2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v7i4.8255

Abstract

uman resources (HR), including teachers, staff, and employees, play a crucial role in determining the success of an organisation's vision, mission, and objectives. Optimal HR performance is greatly influenced by a positive work environment and leadership attitudes. Democratic leadership style, characterised by encouraging active participation of members, involvement in decision-making, and a focus on deliberation, is widely believed to be one of the most effective approaches to creating a conducive work environment. This literature review aims to synthesise the main findings from various studies exploring the influence of democratic leadership styles. The main focus is to analyse the impact of democratic leadership on performance (teachers, staff, and employees), organisational commitment, work motivation, and psychological empowerment in various contexts, including education, government, and business. The method used in this review is a synthesis of 20 scientific journal articles. The majority of these studies used a quantitative approach, in which data was collected through questionnaires and analysed using multiple regression techniques (T and F tests) to test the influence of variables. Most of the other studies used literature studies or systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to analyse, categorise, and verify findings from various existing research sources. There were also studies with a descriptive qualitative approach that used in-depth interviews and observations to describe the implementation of democratic leadership in the field. The findings from the majority of studies consistently show that democratic leadership styles have a positive and significant effect on dependent variables. These positive effects include: Performance: Democratic leadership has a positive and significant effect on the performance of teachers and employees in both the government and business sectors. In a multicultural work environment, democratic leadership has been proven to be effective in improving team performance. Psychological Variables & Work Attitude: Democratic leadership is also found to have a significant effect on increasing organisational commitment and contributing to the psychological empowerment of employees. This is in line with its ability to create a conducive work environment and strengthen leader-subordinate relationships. Mediation/Moderation Variables: The influence of democratic leadership on performance is often reinforced or mediated by other variables such as work motivation and work ethic. Combining it with other styles, such as visionary leadership, is also recommended for maximum effectiveness, especially in the digital age. This literature review concludes that democratic leadership style is a strong determinant in improving organisational effectiveness and performance. Leaders who apply this approach, emphasising deliberation, active participation, and open communication, will succeed in fostering motivation, commitment, and psychological empowerment, which will ultimately have a significant impact on improving the performance of teachers, staff, and employees. The main recommendation is for organisations, including educational and government institutions, to implement and strengthen democratic leadership styles to achieve their strategic goals.
Implementation of Multicultural Values in Student Character Education Learning in junior high school Land 3 Pangangkajene sidrap Muh. Fitrah; Suredah Hamid; Andi Fitriani Djollong
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.8513

Abstract

his research is a study of understanding and implementation of multicultural values in secondary education institutions. The background of this study is based on the importance of strengthening wasathiyah Islamic values in response to the dynamics of diversity and potentially disorientation among students. The research focus was directed on three main aspects, namely: (1) the concept of multicultural values in an institutional context, (2) implementation of multicultural values in education practice, whether sacrificial, purification, and extracurricular activities, and (3) the implications of student values. The purpose of this study is three namely (1) to Learn how the concept of multicultural values in Islamic education in State Junior High School 3 Bangkajene sidrap (2) To Understand How implimentasi values in Islamic Education at 3 Bangkajen (impilikasi) to determine the implementation of State Islamic Education. This research used a qualitative approach with the survai method. The data was obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation, which were later analyzed using the content analysis technique (content analysis). Theological approach is used to examine the principles of Islamic wasathiyah as a normative basis of multicultural values concepts, as well as an analysis knife of education practices in the institution under study. The results showed that the secondary education institution has integrated systematic values in education policies and practices, even though in the implementation level in the field there are still several aspects that have not been implemented optimally. Values like tolerance, equality, social justice, mutual respect, intercultural dialogue, empathy and inclusion are internalized in learning activities and the life of everyday school. Implementation of positive multicultural values has a positive impact on students in three main realms: cognitive (moderate religious understanding), affirmative (inclusive and empathetic attitudes), and psychomotor (harmonious and social behavior tolerant). This study confirms the importance of the role of educational institutions in forming the character of a religious, moderate, nationality, honest and responsibility.
The Role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Instilling Religious Character in Students at the Rammatul Asri Islamic Boarding School Junior High School, Enrekang Regency Muh. Fikram; Wardah Hanafie Das; Muhammad Fadli
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.8611

Abstract

Education is the main foundation in the formation of quality human resources, not only intellectually, but also morally and spiritually. This study uses a qualitative research method that aims to explore and understand in depth the phenomenon of the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in instilling religious character in students at Islamic Boarding Schools. This study shows that Islamic Religious Education teachers at SMPS Pondok Pesantren Rahmatul Asri play a strategic role as educators, guides, and role models for students. The instillation of religious character is carried out through various methods, including PAI teachers who lead by example, habituate worship, advice (mau'izhah hasanah), the provision of educational punishment, and the involvement of students in religious activities. Students show positive changes in their worship habits, ability to maintain morals, and a sense of responsibility towards themselves and their environment. This success is inseparable from the collaborative role of PAI teachers, the support of the principal, the head of the Islamic boarding school, and the active participation of students.
Implementation of the Outing Class Learning Model to Improve Memorization Skills at the Khairaatun Hisaan Carawali Girls' Islamic Boarding School, Sidrap Regency Nurul Ainun. SK; M. Nasir; Muhammad Fadli
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.8612

Abstract

The process of memorizing the Qur'an in Islamic boarding schools often faces the challenge of boredom and decreased concentration of students due to monotonous learning routines indoors. This static learning environment reduces motivation and memorization effectiveness, although the outdoors has great potential to improve concentration. The lack of variety of learning methods and the maximum use of the outside environment is the main problem. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Outing Class learning method at the Putri Khairaatun Hisaan Carawali Islamic Boarding School, Sidrap Regency. The main focus is to evaluate how this method improves students' focus, concentration, and memorization ability of the Qur'an. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustadzah, and students, and document studies. Data analysis involves reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The application of the Outing Class method showed a significant positive impact on the process of memorizing the Qur'an. Students feel more motivated, comfortable, and focused when memorizing in an outdoor environment, which reduces boredom and improves memory and confidence. Even though there are minor external disturbances, students can still concentrate. This method also increases intimate interaction between teachers and students, and encourages active learning. The Outing Class succeeded in integrating various learning theories, improving quantitative memorization results, and strengthening the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of students. Outing Class is an effective strategic innovation in learning tahfiz Al-Qur'an, creating a fun learning experience, increasing motivation, focus, and memorization effectiveness, and forming a positive character of students. This method is recommended to be integrated into the pesantren curriculum.
Addressing The Fatherless Challenge Through Pai: Integration Of Values Of Love, Compassion, And Noble Character Sukma Jaya; Faridi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9125

Abstract

This research aims to examine the integration strategy of values of love, compassion, and noble character in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) as an intervention for students in fatherless conditions, as well as to identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation within the context of Indonesian elementary schools. Employing a systematic literature analysis method, this research collected and critically analyzed relevant literature from various academic databases, focusing on publications from the last five years. The literature was classified based on thematic categories and analyzed using content analysis techniques with an interpretive approach to synthesize findings into a coherent analytical framework. The research findings reveal that effective integration strategy requires a comprehensive approach encompassing contextual curriculum development, innovative student-centered pedagogy, intensive mentoring programs, supportive learning environments, holistic authentic assessment, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and continuous teacher professional development. The implementation faces significant challenges including limited practitioner understanding, resource constraints, social stigma, curriculum inadequacies, and stakeholder coordination difficulties. However, substantial opportunities exist through rich Islamic traditions emphasizing compassion and social justice, educational technological innovations, growing awareness of children's mental health, community engagement potential, and pedagogical innovations. This research contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 on quality education and SDG 10 on reducing inequalities, by providing evidence-based frameworks for developing inclusive and responsive Islamic religious education that supports holistic character development of students in fatherless conditions, thereby building resilient future generations capable of breaking cycles of disadvantage and contributing to sustainable social development.
The Relationship between the Physical Environment of the Home and Parental Behavior with the Incidence of Respiratory Infections in Toddlers in the Working Area of the Hamparan Perak Community Health Center Elvina; Syafran Arrazy
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9160

Abstract

Background: ISPA is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among toddlers, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Factors of the physical environment of the home and the behavior of the parents are thought to influence the risk of ARI. Objective: To determine the relationship between the physical environment of the home and the behavior of parents with the incidence of ISPA in toddlers in the working area of the Hamparan Perak Health Center. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross sectional design, involving 122 respondents selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observations, then analyzed univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results of the study proved that there was a significant relationship between ventilation (p=0.036) with PR=2.330 (95%CI=1.121-4.845), floor type (p=0.021) with PR=2.560 (95%CI=1.216-5.388), wall type (p=0.033) with PR=2.384 (95%CI=1.137-4.998), lighting (p=0.032) with PR=2.393 (95%CI=1.142-5.014), humidity (p=0.048) with PR=2.240 (95%CI=1.073-4.675), smoking habits (p=0.024) with PR=2.534 (95%CI=1.192-5.388), and garbage burning habits (p=0.013) with PR=2.744 (95%CI=1.297-5.804) with the incidence of ISPA in toddlers. Meanwhile, occupancy density (p=0.254), temperature (p=0.751), and kitchen ventilation (p=0.116) did not have a significant relationship. Conclusion: The physical condition of the home and the behavior of parents play an important role in the incidence of ISPA in toddlers. Efforts to improve the home environment and control risky behaviors are expected to reduce the incidence of ARI.
Analysis Of Risk Factors For Diarrhea In Toddlers In The Mulyorejo Community Health Center Working Area Salsabilla; Yulia Khairina Ashar
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.9161

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, with millions of cases each year globally and thousands of cases in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to analyze factors related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the work area of the Mulyorejo Health Center. Methods: The study used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional study design. The sample consisted of 105 mothers who had toddlers, selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed univariate and bivariate using Chi-Square tests, as well as multivariate. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of diarrhea and parental income (p = 0.114), history of breastfeeding (p = 0.024), mother's hand washing (p = 0.044), nutritional status of toddlers (p = 0.017), clean water sources (p = 0.026), family toilet conditions (p = 0.044), and garbage disposal (p = 0.019). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the incidence of diarrhea and maternal education level, age of toddlers, and wastewater disposal (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the nutritional status of toddlers was the most influential factor in the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Environmental sanitation factors and socioeconomic conditions, especially parental income, significantly affect the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Interventions to improve sanitation and family economic empowerment need to be a priority in efforts to prevent diarrhea.

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