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Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research

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Published by HM Publisher

ISSN : - EISSN : 25980580 DOI : https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

This journal welcomes the submission of articles that offering a sensible transfer of basic research to applied clinical medicine. BioScientia Medicina covers the latest developments in various fields of biomedicine with special attention to : 1.Rhemumatology 2.Molecular aspect of Indonesia Traditional Herb 3.Cardiology and Cardiovascular diseases 4.Genetics 5.Immunology 6.Environmental health 7.Toxicology 8. Neurology 9. Pharmacology 10. Oncology 11. Other multidisciplinary studies related medicine. The views of experts on current advances in nanotechnology and molecular/cell biology will be also considered for publication as long as they have a direct clinical impact on human health.

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)

Articles 1,165 Documents

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Autologous Parietal Peritoneum as a Biliary Interposition Conduit for Complex Post-Cholecystectomy Bile Duct Injuries: A Feasibility Study and Report of Two Cases Elena Wandantyas; Anung Noto Nugroho
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1448

Background: Complex iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDIs) are formidable surgical challenges, with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) being the standard reconstruction. However, RYHJ permanently alters gastrointestinal physiology and is associated with significant long-term morbidity. This has prompted a search for physiology-preserving alternatives. We describe a novel technique using a tubularized autologous parietal peritoneal graft for biliary reconstruction. Case presentation: This report details the successful management of two patients with high-grade, post-cholecystectomy BDIs (Strasberg-Bismuth Type E1 and E3). Both patients presented with obstructive jaundice and controlled biliary fistulae. Definitive single-stage reconstruction was performed. A segment of parietal peritoneum was harvested, tubularized over a T-tube to create an interposition conduit, and anastomosed to bridge the biliary defect. The repair was reinforced with a pedicled omental flap. Both patients demonstrated complete resolution of jaundice and normalization of liver function tests, with radiological evidence of graft patency and no stricture at 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: This preliminary experience in two patients suggests that the use of a tubularized autologous parietal peritoneal graft is a surgically feasible technique for the reconstruction of complex BDIs. This approach offers a potential physiology-preserving alternative to traditional bilioenteric anastomosis. Its safety, efficacy, and long-term durability remain unknown and require rigorous evaluation in larger prospective studies.

The Synergistic Impact of Astrocyte Reactivity and Vitamin D Deficiency on Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Patricia; Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi; Kumara Tini
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1449

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common, debilitating outcome of ischemic stroke. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), marking astrocyte reactivity, and Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulatory steroid, are independently linked to PSCI. This study aimed to quantify the synergistic impact of elevated serum GFAP and concurrent Vitamin D deficiency on PSCI risk. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for prospective cohort studies (2015-2025) assessing acute serum GFAP, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and subsequent cognitive outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis of seven studies (n=3,850) was performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for PSCI across four biomarker-defined groups. A formal test for synergistic interaction was conducted by assessing the departure from additivity of effects on the log-odds scale. Results: Seven high-quality studies were included. Compared to the reference group (Normal GFAP/Sufficient Vitamin D), the pooled OR for PSCI was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.85-2.57) for high GFAP alone and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.65-2.30) for Vitamin D deficiency alone. For the dual-biomarker group (High GFAP/Deficient Vitamin D), the pooled OR was 4.75 (95% CI: 3.98-5.67). This observed risk was significantly greater than the 3.13 OR expected from a purely additive model (p for interaction < 0.001), confirming a significant synergistic effect. Sensitivity analysis showed the effect was most pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe strokes (NIHSS > 5). Conclusion: Elevated serum GFAP and Vitamin D deficiency synergistically increase the risk of PSCI, particularly in patients with more severe strokes. The interplay between acute astroglial injury and compromised systemic neuroprotection appears to be a critical determinant of cognitive outcomes. While confounding by patient frailty requires further study, this dual-biomarker profile identifies a high-risk subgroup and highlights a key pathophysiological interaction.

Beyond the Floor: Traumatic Medial Rectus Entrapment in a Medial Orbital Wall Fracture Presenting with Diplopia and Retinal Hemorrhage Pratistha Satyanegara; Mardijas Efendi
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1450

Background: Medial orbital wall fractures with extraocular muscle entrapment represent a significant but less common variant of orbital trauma compared to floor fractures. These injuries pose a diagnostic and management challenge, with the potential for severe, long-term functional deficits and life-threatening systemic complications if not addressed promptly. This report details a case of medial rectus muscle entrapment complicated by a concurrent posterior segment injury. Case presentation: A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department following a motorcycle accident, sustaining blunt trauma to his left eye. He reported an acute onset of blurred vision and binocular diplopia. Ophthalmic examination revealed a visual acuity of 20/80 in the left eye. There was a manifest esotropia and a profound abduction deficit, with marked restriction of movement on attempted lateral, superolateral, and inferolateral gaze. The forced duction test was positive, confirming mechanical restriction. Funduscopy identified significant retinal hemorrhages. A maxillofacial computed tomography scan confirmed a comminuted fracture of the left medial orbital wall (lamina papyracea) with clear evidence of medial rectus muscle entrapment within the fracture fragments. The patient underwent urgent surgical intervention involving exploration of the medial orbit, careful release of the incarcerated medial rectus muscle, and anatomical reconstruction of the wall with a titanium mini-plate. Intraoperative forced duction testing confirmed complete resolution of the mechanical restriction. Postoperatively, the patient showed free passive ocular motility, although active movement was recovering, and the retinal injuries required continued observation. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for medial rectus entrapment in patients presenting with post-traumatic diplopia and an abduction deficit. A thorough clinical examination, particularly the forced duction test, is paramount and often more definitive than imaging alone. Urgent surgical decompression and reconstruction are imperative to prevent permanent strabismus from muscle ischemia and to mitigate the risk of the oculocardiac reflex. Furthermore, the presence of concomitant intraocular injuries, such as traumatic retinopathy, must be diligently assessed as they significantly impact the final visual prognosis.

Vitamin D Supplementation is Associated with Attenuated Ocular Surface Oxidative Stress in Mild Thyroid Eye Disease: A Preliminary Interventional Study Mardijas Efendi; Hendriati; Pattih Primasakti; Yolanda Wulandari Erwen; Rani Apriani
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1451

Background: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune orbitopathy where inflammation drives significant oxidative stress, contributing to patient morbidity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, is a key biomarker of this oxidative damage. While vitamin D has known systemic immunomodulatory effects, its capacity to mitigate local oxidative stress on the ocular surface in TED is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral vitamin D supplementation and tear film MDA levels in patients with mild TED. Methods: A prospective, single-center, quasi-experimental pre-post study without a control group was conducted on 15 patients diagnosed with mild, active TED (Clinical Activity Score ≤3). Participants received 1000 IU of oral cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) daily for 21 consecutive days. The primary outcome was the change in tear film MDA concentration, measured by ELISA. Secondary outcomes included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and clinical ocular surface parameters (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI], Tear Break-Up Time [TBUT], Schirmer's I test). Results: A statistically significant reduction in mean tear film MDA levels was observed, decreasing from a baseline of 8.69 ± 4.15 ng/L to 5.70 ± 1.56 ng/L post-intervention (p<0.001). This was accompanied by a significant increase in mean serum 25(OH)D levels from 18.2 ± 5.9 ng/mL to 29.8 ± 6.4 ng/mL (p<0.001). Significant improvements were also noted in OSDI scores (p=0.002) and TBUT (p=0.005). The reduction in tear film MDA showed a significant negative correlation with the increase in serum 25(OH)D (r = -0.68, p=0.005). Conclusion: In this preliminary, uncontrolled study, short-term oral vitamin D supplementation was associated with a significant attenuation of ocular surface oxidative stress in patients with mild TED. These findings provide initial biochemical evidence for the potential localized benefits of vitamin D and support the need for larger, placebo-controlled randomized trials to validate its role as a safe adjunctive therapy for managing the ocular surface component of this disease.

The Paradoxical Role of Interleukin-10 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Correlational Study of Serum Levels and Disease Activity Yuniza; Joneri, Alrahman; Legiran; Nova Kurniati; Eddy Mart Salim
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1452

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease where the cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) exhibits a paradoxical role, functioning as both a potent anti-inflammatory mediator and a robust B-cell stimulator. The clinical significance of serum IL-10 as a biomarker of disease activity is a subject of intense debate, with conflicting reports in the literature. This study was designed to investigate this relationship within a specific Southeast Asian cohort. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Palembang, Indonesia, enrolling 48 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SLE. Disease activity was quantitatively scored using the Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (MEX-SLEDAI). Serum IL-10 concentrations were precisely measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary statistical analysis involved the Spearman rank correlation test. A post-hoc power analysis was performed to contextualize the statistical findings. Results: The study population was predominantly female (95.8%), with the largest subgroup (54.2%) presenting with mild disease activity. The mean serum IL-10 concentration was 9.91±1.36 pg/mL in the mild activity group, rose to a peak of 12.22±1.95 pg/mL in the moderate activity group, and was 10.65±2.34 pg/mL in the severe activity group. The Spearman correlation test identified a weak, positive association that did not achieve statistical significance (r=0.274, p=0.059). The post-hoc power analysis confirmed the study was underpowered to definitively detect a correlation of this magnitude. Conclusion: In this cohort of Indonesian SLE patients, a statistically significant correlation between serum IL-10 levels and disease activity was not established. Given the study's methodological context, including its cross-sectional design and limited statistical power, the findings are inconclusive but hypothesis-generating. The results reinforce the profound complexity of IL-10 biology in SLE and underscore the challenges in validating it as a standalone biomarker, highlighting the need for larger, longitudinal investigations.

Serum Nerve Growth Factor Levels in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Putu Indah Mahardika Putri; Ni Made Susilawathi; I Putu Eka Widyadharma
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1453

Background: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is vital for neuronal health, but its status as a systemic biomarker in PDN is contested due to conflicting reports on serum levels. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesize the literature on the association between serum NGF concentrations and the presence of PDN in patients with T2DM. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for observational studies from January 2015 to August 2025 that measured serum NGF in T2DM patients with PDN versus control groups (T2DM without PDN or healthy individuals). Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to account for assay variability. Heterogeneity was explored using the I² statistic and meta-regression. Results: From 1,482 records, seven cross-sectional studies (485 PDN patients, 511 controls) were included. The meta-analysis revealed that patients with PDN had significantly lower serum NGF concentrations compared to controls, with a pooled SMD of -1.28 (95% CI: -1.79 to -0.77, p < 0.00001). Substantial heterogeneity was present (I² = 84%). Meta-regression showed that a longer duration of diabetes was significantly associated with a greater reduction in NGF levels (p = 0.02). No significant publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides consolidated evidence that lower systemic NGF levels are a strong feature of established PDN. The findings support the neurotrophic deficit hypothesis in PDN pathophysiology and identify NGF as a candidate biomarker requiring rigorous validation in longitudinal studies that carefully differentiate painful from painless neuropathy phenotypes.

Lower Body Negative Pressure for Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fabiola Supit; I Made Ady Wirawan; I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari; Ida Ayu Ary Pramita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1454

Background: Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a critical health risk for astronauts on long-duration missions, characterized by potentially vision-altering ocular changes. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is a primary countermeasure designed to reverse the foundational cephalad fluid shifts. This study provides the first rigorous, quantitative synthesis of LBNP's efficacy on key SANS-related ocular parameters. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library (2015–2025) was conducted. Studies quantifying the effect of LBNP on intraocular pressure (IOP), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), or choroidal thickness (CT) in microgravity or its ground-based analogs were included. A random-effects meta-analysis calculated the pooled mean difference (MD). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias were performed to ensure robustness. Results: Seven studies (N=89 subjects) met the criteria. The meta-analysis demonstrated that LBNP application resulted in statistically significant reductions in IOP (MD = -2.15 mmHg; 95% CI [-3.01, -1.29]; p < 0.001), ONSD (MD = -0.31 mm; 95% CI [-0.45, -0.17]; p < 0.001), and subfoveal Choroidal Thickness (MD = -18.50 µm; 95% CI [-25.65, -11.35]; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced effect in ground-based studies. The results were robust in sensitivity analyses, and funnel plots suggested a low risk of publication bias. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides robust, quantitative evidence supporting LBNP's efficacy in acutely mitigating the cardinal structural signs of SANS. By directly counteracting the underlying pathophysiology, LBNP is affirmed as a cornerstone countermeasure technology essential for preserving astronaut ocular health during the upcoming era of deep space exploration.

Optimizing the Surgical Field via Multimodal Controlled Hypotension during Posterior Spinal Fixation for a T11 Burst Fracture: An Anesthetic Case Study Juliana; Heri Dwi Purnomo
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1455

Background: Significant intraoperative blood loss is a major challenge in complex spinal surgeries, impairing surgical field visibility and increasing patient morbidity. Controlled hypotension is an established anesthetic technique to mitigate this challenge, yet the optimal combination of agents to ensure efficacy and safety remains an area of active investigation. This case study details the successful application of a multimodal anesthetic regimen, centered on the synergistic effects of dexmedetomidine and isoflurane, to achieve deliberate hypotension during posterior stabilization of a thoracic burst fracture. Case presentation: A 39-year-old male, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II, presented with a traumatic, unstable burst fracture of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11) following a high-energy fall. He was scheduled for a posterior decompressive laminectomy and T10-T12 pedicle screw fixation. Anesthetic management was initiated with a multimodal approach utilizing intravenous infusions of dexmedetomidine and morphine, supplemented by maintenance with isoflurane. This strategy was employed to maintain a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60-65 mmHg. Throughout the 135-minute procedure, the patient’s hemodynamics remained exceptionally stable within the target range. The estimated blood loss was minimal (approximately 350 mL), providing the surgical team with an excellent, clear operative field. The patient emerged smoothly from anesthesia with no neurological deficits and experienced a favorable postoperative recovery. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a multimodal anesthetic strategy incorporating dexmedetomidine, a volatile agent, and opioid infusions is a highly effective and safe method for inducing and maintaining controlled hypotension in major spinal surgery. This approach successfully optimized the surgical conditions by minimizing blood loss and enhancing visibility, without compromising hemodynamic stability or vital organ perfusion, thereby contributing to a positive patient outcome.

Clinicopathological Spectrum and Management of Lacrimal Gland Tumors: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis from an Indonesian Tertiary Center Agustin Virajati Negoro; Mardijas Efendi; Ardizal Rahman
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1456

Background: Lacrimal gland tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms, representing a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Regional data, particularly from Southeast Asia, is sparse. This study aims to define the clinicopathological spectrum, radiological features, and management strategies for lacrimal gland tumors at a major tertiary referral center in Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on all patients with histopathologically confirmed lacrimal gland tumors treated between January 2019 and June 2024. Data extracted from medical records included demographics, detailed clinical presentations (visual acuity, proptosis, pain scores), radiological findings from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), definitive histopathological diagnoses with immunohistochemical profiles, and treatment modalities with short-term outcomes. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. Results: A total of 35 patients (19 male, 16 female; mean age 48.2 ± 16.5 years) were included. Non-epithelial lesions (88.6%) were more common than epithelial tumors (11.4%). The most prevalent diagnosis was idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) (n=12, 34.3%), followed by lymphoproliferative disorders (n=11, 31.4%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was the most frequent malignant epithelial tumor (n=3, 8.6%). Superior eyelid edema was the hallmark of non-epithelial lesions (83.9%), whereas proptosis (mean 6.2mm) and severe pain (mean VAS 7.3/10) were characteristic of ACC. Radiological findings were highly correlative, with IOI showing diffuse gland enhancement and ACC demonstrating bone erosion and perineural invasion. Management was tailored to histology, with corticosteroids for IOI, radiotherapy for lymphomas, and radical surgery for ACC. Conclusion: In this Indonesian cohort, lacrimal gland tumors are predominantly non-epithelial, with inflammatory and lymphoproliferative conditions being most common. A high index of suspicion for malignancy, particularly ACC, is warranted in patients presenting with pain and proptosis. Integrating clinical, radiological, and pathological data is paramount for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Therapeutic Keratoplasty for Severe, Travel-Associated Fungal Keratitis: A Meta-Analysis of Globe Salvage and Visual Acuity Outcomes Putu Rima Adilitha Widyasari; I Made Ady Wirawan; I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari; Ida Ayu Ary Pramita
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 12 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i12.1457

Background: Severe, travel-associated fungal keratitis represents a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, often progressing to corneal perforation despite aggressive medical therapy. Therapeutic keratoplasty (TK) is frequently required to preserve globe integrity. However, its efficacy in this specific, epidemiologically distinct cohort of patients remains poorly quantified. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on globe salvage and visual acuity outcomes following TK for severe fungal keratitis acquired during international travel. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2015 and December 2024, reporting outcomes of TK for travel-associated fungal keratitis. The primary outcome was the proportion of cases achieving globe salvage, defined as the avoidance of enucleation or evisceration. The secondary outcome was the mean improvement in Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) measured in LogMAR units. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Results: Seven retrospective case series met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 102 eyes. The included studies were geographically diverse, with patient travel histories predominantly linked to tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia and South America. The pooled proportion for globe salvage was 89.2% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 82.5% to 94.1%). There was low to moderate heterogeneity among the studies for this outcome (I² = 31%, p=0.19). The pooled mean improvement in BCVA from pre-operative assessment to final follow-up was 1.21 LogMAR (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.44). Substantial heterogeneity was observed for the visual acuity outcome (I² = 78%, p<0.001). The most commonly identified fungal genera were Fusarium and Aspergillus. Conclusion: Therapeutic keratoplasty demonstrates a high rate of anatomical success, effectively salvaging the globe in the vast majority of patients with severe, travel-associated fungal keratitis. While visual acuity is significantly improved, the final outcomes remain guarded and are highly variable. These findings underscore the critical role of TK in the management of this sight-threatening condition and highlight the need for strategies to improve post-operative visual prognosis.

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Contact Name Rachmat Hidayat

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Journal Mail Official editor.bioscmed@gmail.com

Editorial Address Jl. Sirna Raga no 99, 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur 3, Palembang

Location Kota palembang, Sumatera selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Rachmat Hidayat

Contact Email
dr.rachmat.hidayat@gmail.com

Phone
+6281949581088

Journal Mail Official
editor.bioscmed@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Sirna Raga no 99, 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur 3, Palembang

Location
Kota palembang,

Sumatera selatan

INDONESIA