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Faizal Amir Parlindungan Nasution
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan
Published by Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan RI
ISSN : 19076096     EISSN : 27228770     DOI : 10.47198
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan (J-naker/The Indonesian Journal of Manpower) adalah publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan. J-naker bekerjasama dengan beberapa asosiasi fungsional dan profesi di bidang ketenagakerjaan dalam rangka mengembangkan publikasi ini agar menjadi wadah peningkatan kualitas kebijakan ketenagakerjaan. Kerjasama tersebut antara lain dengan Asosiasi Analis Kebijakan Indonesia (AAKI) Komisariat Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, Asosiasi Mediator Hubungan Industrial Indonesia (AMHII), Asosiasi Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia (APKI), Asosiasi Instruktur Pelatihan Kerja Republik Indonesia Indonesia (PILAR RI), Ikatan Pengantar Kerja Seluruh Indonesia (IKAPERJASI), dan Persatuan Perencana Pembangunan Indonesia (PPPI) Komisariat Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 143 Documents
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Bahasa Inggris Ria Septiana; Agung Priyo Utomo
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.547

Abstract

Unemployment is an economic problem that triggers social impacts such as crime and poverty. In 2024, Java Island recorded the highest rate of educated youth unemployment compared to other islands, particularly in urban areas. This is a critical issue, as educated young people are a vital asset in a nation’s economic development, whose potential can be harnessed to achieve Indonesia’s vision for 2045. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the general status of unemployment among educated youth, as well as the influence of individual and regional factors on unemployment among educated young people in urban areas of Java Island in 2024. This study utilizes data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas), August 2024 Labor Force Conditions Publication, and the 2025 District/City in Figures Publication. A two-level binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the individual and contextual factors influencing the unemployment status of educated youth in urban areas. The findings indicate that the labor force that has never participated in certified training and resides in areas with a large labor force has a greater risk of being unemployed. Therefore, this study is expected to assist the government in formulating policies to minimize youth unemployment, particularly among those with at least a high school education or its equivalent in urban areas of Java Island.
An Institutional and Fiscal Analysis of Foreign Worker Compensation Fund (DKPTKA) Management in Developing Indonesian Workforce Competence Roza, Hendry
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.561

Abstract

The use of foreign workers in Indonesia not only affects the dynamics of the labour market, but also contributes fiscally through the Foreign Worker Compensation Fund (DKPTKA) as part of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP). Regulatory provisions, as stipulated in Government Regulation No. 34 of 2021, Articles 33-35, direct the DKPTKA to support the enhancement of Indonesian workers' competencies through training, certification, and the strengthening of vocational training institutions. However, this study found that the current utilization of the DKPTKA is not yet fully in line with these strategic objectives, as most of its allocation is still directed towards job expansion programs and administrative activities. This article aims to provide a factual overview and policy analysis related to the utilization of DKPTKA, examine its compliance with regulatory provisions, and formulate relevant policy recommendations for optimising the use of DKPTKA in a more effective and oriented towards improving the competence of the Indonesian workforce.Through policy analysis and comparison with practices in several countries such as the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the UAE, this study shows that foreign worker compensation funds have the potential to be a strategic instrument for local workforce capacity building. Based on these findings, this article recommends reorienting the allocation of DKPTKA towards competency development, integrating technology transfer in the use of foreign workers, providing incentives for local governments, diversifying sources of non-tax state revenue from employment, and strengthening impact-based monitoring and evaluation systems.
Variabel-variabel yang Memengaruhi Status Multiple Job Holding Pekerja Lansia di Indonesia Maharami, Aqilla Darrin; Rahani, Rini
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.569

Abstract

As economic and social demands increase, many individuals are compelled to take on multiple jobs, a phenomenon known as multiple job holding (MJH). In Indonesia, the rate of multiple job holders has been rising yearly, and the aging population phenomena increases the potential for older workers to take on multiple jobs. While MJH can offer financial benefits, it may also pose significant challenges, particularly for older workers. Although Indonesia records the highest rate of multiple job holders in Southeast Asia, research on this topic remains limited, and no studies specifically focusing on older workers. This study aims to examine the characteristics of older multiple job holders in Indonesia and the variables that affect them. The data used is Sakernas August 2022 microdata, which is analysed descriptively and inferentially using binary logistic regression. The results reveal that 18.16percent of older workers hold multiple jobs. Older workers who tend to have multiple jobs are young elderly, male, married, educated up to primary school, live in rural areas, have shorter working hours in their main job, and work in the informal sector. The high rate of MJH among older workers shows the need for targeted government interventions, such as intensifying school programs for older adults to improve the quality of their competencies and providing social assistance for older adults according to their age.
PENGGUNAAN KOEFISIEN ALFA DALAM PERHITUNGAN UPAH MINIMUM DAN AKIBATNYA TERHADAP DESENTRALISASI FISKAL SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG CIPTA KERJA Widyatama, Denta Putra; Indrawati; Ramli, Lanny; Ananta, Ahmad Rizal Roby; Zita, Alena
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.573

Abstract

Wages are one of the important issues in Labor Law, particularly from the workers' perspective. The enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation in Indonesia, which was later revoked by Law No. 6 of 2023, introduced substantial changes to the structure of Labor Law, specifically in the existence of Alpha Coefficient as a substitute for KHL. This Alpha Coefficient is replacing the KHL and representing functions as an economic index sector variables in Indonesia. This study aims to examine two main issues: first, the legal and conceptual implications of replacing KHL with the Alpha Coefficient in calculating minimum wages; and second, the effect of this change on the authority and role of the Regional Wage Council as part of Indonesia’s fiscal decentralization policy. The research employs a statutory and conceptual approach supported by a review of the development of the national wage system. The findings indicate that the existence of the Alpha Coefficient enhances legal certainty by establishing a definitive parameter in wage calculations, thereby improving workers’ welfare protection. Furthermore, the Regional Wage Council’s position is strengthened through the restoration of tripartite negotiations, ensuring a more balanced and decentralized fiscal and also wage-setting mechanism. The Alpha Coefficient significantly increase the workers wealth by, following the main rights on Indonesian Constitution.
Intergenerational Analysis of Educated Unemployment Duration in East Java: A Multilevel Survival Approach Toward School-to-Work Transition Policies Barsua, Ni Putu Esti Utami; I Ketut Adi Chandra Wiguna; Ikhlasul A’mal; Muhammad Dokhi
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.580

Abstract

Educated unemployment, particularly among Generation Z (Gen Z), poses a major challenge to inclusive and sustainable labor market development. East Java, as a province with a large population and a high proportion of young people, exhibits a pronounced trend of unemployment among Gen Z in both rate and duration. This study employs a multilevel survival analysis using the 2023 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) to compare the unemployment duration between Gen Z and Gen XY (a combination of Generations X and Y) and to identify the factors influencing it. The results reveal that Gen Z experiences longer unemployment durations and responds less effectively to formal interventions such as job training and the Prakerja program. Conversely, factors such as age, marital status, and education level significantly affect both groups. Income inequality, measured by the gini ratio, tends to prolong unemployment, while dynamic labor market conditions—reflected in higher labor force participation rates and regional GDP—help accelerate the transition to employment. Based on these findings, this study proposes the JAWARA KERJA program (East Java Initiative for Labor Market Access and Resilience), which emphasizes adaptive training for Gen Z, skill enhancement for Gen XY, and integration of labor market information systems. This program is expected to serve as a targeted and responsive policy for improving the school-to-work transition and addressing intergenerational disparities in the regional labor market.
Pendekatan Competing Risks dalam Menganalisis Kembali Bekerjanya Pekerja White-Collar Pasca COVID-19: Pembelajaran dari Indonesia Christoffel, Joseph; Hutagaol, Octavia Rogate; Uluwiyah, Ana; Lestariningsih, Eni
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i2.584

Abstract

Despite the recovery trend in the labor market after the scarring effects caused by the pandemic, the share of white-collar workers remains below pre-pandemic levels. This study aims to analyze the determinants of reemployment among individuals who exited the workforce due to COVID-19, with a specific focus on differences between white-collar and blue-collar workers. We use micro data from the August 2022 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) and employ a survival analysis with the Fine and Gray competing risks model to estimate the subdistribution hazard ration (SHR) for each covariate such as gender, living area, education, and age. The results show that individuals living in urban areas, with post-secondary education, younger age (15–30 years), previous white-collar work experience, and participation in training programs have a significantly higher likelihood of reemployment in white-collar occupations. Conversely, blue-collar reemployment is more likely among those with lower education, rural residence, head-of-household status, previous blue-collar work experience and unmarried individuals. This research emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital and post secondary education for maximizing white-collar jobs reabsorption.
A Ekonomi Gig atau Ketimpangan Digital? Pelajaran untuk Masa Depan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Dwiputrianti, Septiana; Kotchegura, Alexander; Lee, Hye Kyoung
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.616

Abstract

The gig economy has been widely celebrated for its potential to boost national productivity and generate flexible employment opportunities. Yet, beneath its promise lies the paradox of digital inequality. In Indonesia, the rapid growth of platform-based work in transportation, delivery, and online freelancing demonstrates the gig economy’s increasing visibility. However, compared to countries such as India, Brazil, and the United States, the measurable contribution of gig work to long-term economic resilience is less certain. Drawing on secondary data from the ILO, World Bank, and OECD, this paper argues that the gig economy, while expanding labour absorption, disproportionately depends on precarious, low-wage arrangements that limit upward mobility and sustainable growth. From a cultural perspective, gig work normalises hyper-flexibility and individualisation, reshaping the meaning of employment in ways that weaken collective bargaining and career stability. Comparative analysis reveals that countries with robust labour regulations have managed to harness gig productivity without exacerbating inequality, whereas emerging economies with weaker systems, such as Indonesia, risk deepening informalization. This study contends that Indonesia’s policy challenge is not whether the gig economy should grow, but whether it can grow inclusively. Without deliberate labour governance, Indonesia may face a dual economy: one sector benefiting from digital innovation, and another trapped in precarious, digitally mediated inequality.
Climate & Gig Work: Is Heat Wave Reducing Gig Riders' Productivity in Greater Jakarta? Apriliawan, Yohanes Eki
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.619

Abstract

This study demonstrates that rising surface temperatures significantly reduce gig rider productivity in Greater Jakarta, primarily by decreasing their weekly working hours and monthly income. Using spatial panel analysis with socioeconomic and environmental data from 2021 to 2024, we find that heat impacts are most severe in densely built, low-vegetation areas, while green spaces offer mitigation. Vegetation buffers the negative effects of heat, whereas higher night-time economic intensity exacerbates them. Metropolitan-scale analysis reveals that increases in temperature in one area also depress productivity in neighboring areas, highlighting interconnected climate risks. Further, gig riders are especially vulnerable compared to non-gig informal workers due to their mobility, exposure, and limited protections. These findings directly support policy priorities on human capital, economic transformation, and climate adaptation, emphasizing the urgent need for urban heat-safety standards, cooling infrastructure, and adaptive social protection for gig workers.
A Vulnerable Flexibility: An Analysis of the Representation of Gig Workers' Sustainability in Indonesian Digital Media: Fleksibilitas yang Rentan: Analisis Representasi Keberlanjutan Pekerja Gig di Media Digital Indonesia Murda, Muhammad; Febriyati, Tindia
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.624

Abstract

The digital transformation of Indonesia’s economy has generated a new labor ecosystem known as the gig economy, where online drivers, logistics couriers, and digital freelancers perform flexible yet precarious work through algorithmic platforms. While this model offers autonomy and efficiency, it simultaneously produces new forms of dependency, income instability, and the erosion of social protection. Beyond its economic dimension, the gig economy also signifies a profound cultural shift in how work, identity, and value are constructed in the digital era. This study examines how the sustainability of gig workers’ livelihoods is represented within Indonesia’s digital media landscape, focusing on tensions between dominant narratives of digital competitiveness and counter-narratives of injustice, exhaustion, and collective resistance. Employing a qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) using Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework—textual, discursive, and socio-political—this research analyzes online news, social media posts, and protest videos published between 2023 and 2025. The findings reveal that public narratives frequently glorify flexibility as a symbol of progress while obscuring the structural and cultural vulnerabilities faced by gig workers. Conversely, worker-generated counter-narratives articulate cultural solidarity and digital resistance against algorithmic exploitation. By situating the gig economy within Indonesia’s socio-cultural context, this study argues that the sustainability of digital labor requires not only economic inclusion but also cultural recognition and decolonial understandings of work, identity, and justice. Therefore, policy reforms should integrate workers’ lived experiences, media narratives, and cultural meanings to ensure a fair and sustainable digital transformation.
Kelompok Menengah yang Hilang: Pekerja Gig dan Ketimpangan Akses terhadap Perlindungan Sosial di Indonesia Kautsar, Achmad; Noviani, Annisa Dwi; Salsabila, Nasywa Nayifa; Putri, Latifa Azzahra
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 20 No 3 (2025): Gig Workers
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v20i3.625

Abstract

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