Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal)
MORFAI This journal will publish research articles or studies that are multidisciplinary in nature, including: education, law, health, agriculture, engineering, energy, technology, and social science. This journal is dedicated to explore and socialize many creative and innovative thought who focus in: Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religion, Theater, etc. Social Science: Geography, Sociology, Education, Political Science, Law, Policy, Social Review, Arts, History, Philosophy, Anthropology Management: Commerce, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Corporate Governance, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Quality Management Training and Development Engineering: Information Technology, Computer Application, Civil Engineering, Machanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics Medical Science: Medicine, Health, Nursing, Clinical Research, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry Biology: Botany, Bioscience, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Clinical Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environment and Ecology, Food Science, Nutrition, Plant Science, Entomology, Zoology, Fisheries Physical Education: Sports, Yoga, Physiotherapy, Physiology, Exercise, Health
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1,727 Documents
<![CDATA[LEGAL REVIEW OF ABUSE OF POWER BY REGIONAL HEADS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ]]>
<![CDATA[Pasrah Kasih Sejati Hulu]]>;
<![CDATA[Janpatar Simamora]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiman Sinaga]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459700
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the legal aspects of abuse of power by regional heads from a constitutional law perspective. Regional heads, as public officials, have limited authority regulated by laws and regulations. However, in practice, it is not uncommon to find regional heads who abuse their authority for personal or group interests, which ultimately harms the public interest and violates the principles of democracy and the rule of law. The method used in this study is a normative legal approach, by examining relevant laws and regulations, such as Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government and Law Number 30 of 2014. The results of the study indicate that abuse of power by regional heads constitutes a violation of the principles of accountability, transparency, and the rule of law in the Indonesian constitutional system. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervisory system and a firm law enforcement mechanism to prevent and prosecute abuse of power by regional heads. This study recommends reformulating the supervisory and guidance policies for regional heads as an effort to strengthen the principles of good governance in the implementation of regional government.]]>
<![CDATA[DECONSTRUCTING PARTICIPATORY SUPERVISION: A STUDY OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT STRATEGIES BY THE ELECTION SUPERVISOR BOARD (BAWASLU) IN THE 2024 MAYORAL AND VICE MAYORAL ELECTION IN KUPANG CITY ]]>
<![CDATA[Adolfus Kobesi]]>;
<![CDATA[Laurensius P Sayrani]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudi Rohi]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459376
<![CDATA[This study aims to explain the strategy and form of implementation of participatory supervision carried out by Bawaslu Kupang City in the implementation of the 2024 Pilkada. Using a qualitative research approach method, with a total of 15 informants, consisting of the Chairman of the Bawaslu Kupang City Commissioner, Coordinator of the Prevention, Community Participation and Public Relations Division of Bawaslu Kupang City, Bawaslu Secretariat Staff, Representatives of Bawaslu civil society organizations and community participants in the village/supervisory program. Interviews were conducted with informants selected by purposive sampling, namely those who were considered to best understand the context and have direct involvement in participatory supervision. The results of the study show that participatory supervision carried out by Bawaslu Kupang City in the 2024 Pilkada has shown a paradigm shift from a bureaucratic and hierarchical supervision model to a collaborative model involving the community as supervision partners, through various programs such as the Citizens Forum, Village/Sub-district Supervision, and Participatory Supervision Cadre School (SKPP). The level of public participation in election supervision is still dominated by symbolic and consultative forms of participation, as depicted in Arnstein's ladder of participation, where citizen involvement has not yet fully reached the level of equal partnership or citizen control (citizen power). Deconstruction of participatory supervision also opens up space for conceptual reconstruction, where election supervision is understood as a deliberative process based on communicative action, which demands rational dialogue, equality, and trust between Bawaslu and the community to strengthen the legitimacy of electoral democracy at the local level.]]>
<![CDATA[PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLUTEN-FREE WET NOODLES BASED ON SORGUM FLOUR ( SORGHUM BICOLOR L. MOENCH) ]]>
<![CDATA[Daniel Eka Bekti Saputra]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadjar Kurnia Hartati]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhania Andika Prayudanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459634
<![CDATA[Dependence on wheat flour in Indonesia encourages efforts to develop local food ingredients such as sorghum which has a low glycemic index and high antioxidant content. However, the absence of gluten causes sorghum noodle dough to be less flexible and easily broken, so natural binding agents such as apple peel puree containing pectin, soluble dietary fiber, and polyphenols are needed to improve the dough structure. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and organoleptic qualities of gluten-free wet noodles using sorghum flour as the main ingredient and the addition of apple peel puree as a source of fiber and bioactive compounds. The study used a quantitative laboratory experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 levels of sorghum flour/ S and apple peel puree/ P formulation treatments (S1P1 90:10, S2P2 80:20, S3P3 65:35, S4P4 50:50) with three replications. The parameters observed included protein content, crude fiber content, noodle flexibility, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, texture). All data were analyzed using ANOVA, if there was a significant or very significant difference, further testing was carried out. Parametric data using BNT/BNJ/Duncan depending on the KK value, while non-parametric data using Kruskal Walis test followed by effectiveness test. The results showed that the S1P1 treatment (90% sorghum flour: 10% apple peel puree) was the best treatment based on the effectiveness test with the highest yield value (NH) of 0.72. This treatment produced wet noodles with characteristics of 10.42% protein content, 1.51% crude fiber content, and tensile strength value of 0.84 N, and organoleptically preferred by panelists in the parameters of color (4.29), aroma (3.66), taste (4.49), and elasticity (4.39).]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL PROTECTION FOR SURGEONS AGAINST MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE RESULTING IN PERMANENT DISABILITY IN PATIENTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Yatindra, Ida Bagus Tatwa]]>;
<![CDATA[Carolina Kuntardjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Marsudi Dedi Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Ropii]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18459564
<![CDATA[This study examines the legal protection afforded to surgeons in cases of medical negligence resulting in permanent disability to patients within the Indonesian legal system. The issue arises from the high-risk nature of surgical procedures, where adverse medical outcomes are often directly associated with legal liability, potentially leading to the criminalization of medical professionals. This research employs a normative legal research method using a qualitative approach, incorporating statutory and case approaches through the analysis of legislation, court decisions, and legal doctrines related to medical malpractice. The findings indicate that surgeons’ liability for medical negligence is regulated through a layered legal regime encompassing criminal, civil, and professional disciplinary mechanisms as stipulated in Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, the Criminal Code, and the Civil Code. The study further reveals that legal protection for surgeons is conditionally provided when medical actions comply with professional standards, standard operating procedures, and ethical principles, supported by mechanisms such as informed consent and professional disciplinary review. Ultimately, the regulation of medical negligence aims to ensure patient rights recovery while preventing excessive criminalization of the medical profession, thereby maintaining the sustainability and quality of healthcare services.]]>
<![CDATA[BUDGETING IN THE AI ERA: EXPLORING THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF AI UTILIZATION AND ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LITERACY ON SANTRI'S FINANCIAL LIFE) ]]>
<![CDATA[Shofi Mustajibullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurhidayah]]>;
<![CDATA[Eny Zuhrotun Nasyi’ah]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18454413
<![CDATA[One of the religious student groups in Indonesia with a fairly large scope is santri. Santri who are currently studying at university are known as Mahasantri, and are the object of this study. Their average financial resources range from Rp. 500,000 - Rp. 1,000,000, which is located in the lower middle class. Based on this, the financial problems experienced by Mahasantri are an illustration of this study to examine factors that can support financial life management , so that the daily needs of the students can be met. This study used a questionnaire on 375 students of the Nurul Jadid Probolinggo Islamic Boarding School . SmartPLS software version 03 was used to test the research hypothesis of the budgeting behavior variable as variable X, Islamic financial literacy as variable Z1, artificial intelligence utilization as variable Z2, and financial life management as variable Y. The test results of this study indicate that the first hypothesis of budgeting behavior has an effect on financial life management with a t-statistic of 4.089 and a p-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, the second and third hypotheses, namely the Islamic financial literacy variable with a t-statistic of 0.523 and a p-value of 0.601, and the artificial intelligence utilization variable with a t-statistic of 0.214 and a p-value of 0.830, were proven not to function as moderating variables. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to provide a basis for policy-making by educational institutions related to supporting their students' personal finances. Institution managers can conduct regular financial literacy programs.]]>
<![CDATA[DEVELOPING AN OPERATIONAL STRATEGY TO ENHANCE MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF PROF RENTAL BALIKPAPAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Eva Ervina]]>;
<![CDATA[Liane Okdinawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18446426
<![CDATA[Micro-enterprises in Indonesia play a critical role in economic development, yet they often face operational inefficiencies that threaten sustainability. Prof Rental Balikpapan, a motorcycle rental start-up operating in East Kalimantan, exemplifies these challenges. Despite strong market demand and revenue growth during its initial seven months, the company experienced severe volatility in maintenance costs, which exceeded budget allocations by 394% between January and July 2025. This unpredictability undermines profitability and constrains fleet expansion, highlighting the need for a structured operational strategy to stabilize costs and improve reliability. This research aims to address three core questions: (1) What factors contribute to high and inconsistent maintenance costs at Prof Rental Balikpapan? (2) How can a preventive maintenance schedule be structured to reduce costs and ensure timely servicing? (3) How can a standardized Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) be developed to institutionalize maintenance discipline? To answer these questions, a mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative diagnostics and quantitative reliability analysis. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the founder, operational staff, and external mechanic, while secondary data included financial records, maintenance logs, and OEM guidelines. Qualitative analysis using content analysis and BPMN process mapping revealed systemic weaknesses: reactive maintenance behavior, absence of usage-based scheduling, reliance on external workshops for diagnosis, and fragmented documentation. These factors collectively drive cost volatility and operational risk. Quantitative analysis reinforced these findings. Descriptive statistics and Pareto analysis showed that 36.89% of total maintenance costs were concentrated in engine overhauls, while failure interval variability exceeded 50% for high-risk units, confirming the lack of preventive control mechanisms. To address these issues, the study designed a preventive maintenance schedule using Failure Interval Analysis (FIA), which calculates maintenance intervals based on rental-day exposure rather than calendar assumptions. The proposed plan differentiates intervals by unit reliability, introducing monthly checks for high-risk units and quarterly checks for newer assets. Cost projections indicate that shifting from reactive to preventive maintenance reduces total expenditure by approximately 60%, from IDR 7,103,000 to IDR 3,470,000 over six months, while improving predictability and minimizing downtime. This preventive plan will be implemented for a short-term horizon of six months, followed by an evaluation in month seven to validate cost performance improvements. To institutionalize execution discipline, a standardized SOP was developed, integrating preventive triggers, approval thresholds, and documentation protocols. The SOP formalizes roles, introduces Maintenance Work Orders (MWO) for budget locking, and mandates a “reset mechanism” to ensure continuity of preventive cycles. These measures collectively transform maintenance from an ad-hoc, reactive process into a structured, system-driven operation. The contribution of this research lies in demonstrating how micro-enterprises can apply reliability-based preventive strategies and process standardization to achieve cost stability and operational resilience. By integrating FIA-driven scheduling with SOP governance, this study provides a practical framework for improving maintenance efficiency in resource-constrained service businesses. Future research is recommended to conduct longitudinal evaluations and explore digitalization or IoT-based solutions for real-time maintenance monitoring.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC EXECUTION IN BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyu Nathasia]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmayani, Nuzul]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18491849
<![CDATA[The principle of freedom of contract, as regulated in Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Civil Code, affirms that legally formed agreements bind the parties as law. This principle grants contractual autonomy to determine the formation, parties, and content of agreements, provided they do not violate statutory law, public order, or morality. However, such freedom is limited by the principles of good faith, fairness, proportionality, and the protection of weaker parties.The development of blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts as automatically executed electronic agreements based on pre-programmed code. Legally, smart contracts may be considered valid contracts insofar as they fulfill the requirements of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and comply with the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. Digital consent, such as authorization through a digital wallet, constitutes a legitimate expression of agreement.Smart contracts represent a modern manifestation of freedom of contract by enabling automated performance without third-party intervention, reflecting the prior intention of the parties embedded in blockchain-based code. Their application on platforms such as Stellar Lumens (XLM) demonstrates practical implementation in cryptocurrency transactions. Nevertheless, legal challenges remain, including regulatory gaps, transaction anonymity, technological inequality, and potential imbalances in bargaining power. Therefore, adaptive legal regulation is essential to ensure legal certainty, fairness, and effective legal protection.]]>
<![CDATA[THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON FIRM VALUE WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE: EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES LISTED ON INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE ]]>
<![CDATA[Benni Sumarman]]>;
<![CDATA[Etty Sri Wahyuni]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study investigates the impact of capital structure on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable in consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2023. Utilizing signaling theory and trade-off theory as the theoretical framework, this research examines whether the relationship between capital structure and firm value is contingent upon the level of profitability. The sample comprises 35 consumer goods companies selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 175 firm-year observations. Capital structure is measured using Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), and profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA). The analytical method employed is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with panel data regression using EViews 13. The findings reveal that capital structure has a significant negative effect on firm value. Furthermore, profitability significantly strengthens the negative relationship between capital structure and firm value. These results suggest that highly profitable firms experience greater value deterioration when employing higher leverage. The findings contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the moderating role of profitability in emerging market contexts and offer practical implications for corporate financial decision-making.]]>
<![CDATA[LIMITATIONS OF THE STATE'S OBLIGATIONS IN PROVIDING CONSULAR PROTECTION TO INDONESIAN CITIZENS WHO HAVE BEEN DEPORTED BASED ON THE 1963 VIENNA CONVENTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Bahagia]]>;
<![CDATA[Harisman]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Deportation of foreign nationals is an administrative action taken by the receiving country as part of immigration law enforcement based on the principle of state sovereignty. In practice, deported Indonesian citizens (WNI) often apply for protection to Indonesian consular representatives abroad. This situation has given rise to debate regarding the extent of the obligations of the country of origin to provide consular protection, especially when the deportation decision has been made by the receiving country's authorities. This study aims to analyze the obligations and limits of state consular protection for deported Indonesian citizens based on the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, as well as to examine the challenges and practices of Indonesian consular protection. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that consular protection is an international legal obligation of the country of origin, but is limited and cannot intervene in the receiving country's authority to impose deportation. The consular role focuses more on consular access, assistance, information provision, and administrative and humanitarian facilitation. This study concludes that strengthening legal education and public understanding of consular functions is a preventive measure to minimize immigration violations and erroneous expectations regarding the state's role in the deportation process.]]>
<![CDATA[INFLUENCE SELF-COMPASSION TO LONELINESS FOR TEENAGERS WHO ARE VICTIMS OF BULLYING ]]>
<![CDATA[Irene Cristin Pasaribu]]>;
<![CDATA[Ade Rahmawati Siregar]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Bullying can cause impact psychological Serious, like loneliness on victim . Self- compassion can help reduce impact negative with accept suffering experienced. Study This aim know influence self-compassion to loneliness in adolescent victims of bullying . The study used a quantitative method with convenience sampling. on 398 teenager victim bullying in Indonesia. Data collected through The University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA LS), Self-compassion Scale (SCS), And The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). Analysis data use regression linear simple show Self-compassion has a significant negative effect on loneliness with a contribution of 8.8% (R²=0.088), temporary 91.2% influenced factor other. Results This can help school, person old, And maker policy understand condition teenager in Indonesia.]]>
