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Hemera Zoa
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 391 Documents
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FA-4 Assessment of Estrous Cycle Using Ultrasound to Determine Time of Insemination In Banteng (Bos javanicus, d’Alton 1823) Dedi Rahmat Setiadi; Muhammad Agil; Iis Afriantini; Tuty L Yusuf; Muchidin Noordin; Yohana Tri Hastuti; Setyaningsih Rambu Liwa; Jansen Manansang; Dondin Sajuthi
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Banteng is considered as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Banteng is currently distributed in Java, in Kalimantan [Indonesian Borneo], Sabah [part of Malaysian Borneo], Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and, probably Lao PDR and Vietnam (1). The populations in the Asian mainland have decreased by about 80% in the last decades. The total number of wild banteng is estimated to about 5,000-8,000 animals. No population has more than 500 animals, only a few have more than 50. Reasons for the population decline are reduction of habitat, poaching, hybridisation with domesticated cattle, and infections with cattle diseases (4).Since the wild population has been declining continously and the numbers of individual are getting smaller, therefore captive breeding is urgently needed in order to support the conservation of Banteng sustainably. Although breeding program of Banteng is important, but information about the reproductive biology of Banteng is very limited. Breeding programs in Banteng can be done by natural mating or using assisted reproductive technology such as artificial insemination (AI). The aplication of AI in Banteng can support Banteng conservation program in order to increase heterozygosity, prevent inbreeding and possible to use of the Banteng bulls from different facilities for AI of females in all breeding facilities of Banteng.AI applications require information on the estrous cycle and estrous signs to determine the precise AI time. Clinical signs of estrous in Banteng is difficult to observe, therefore determining the time of AI must be done through rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The objectives of  this research is to assess estrous cycle to determine time of insemination.
FA-5 Semen Characteristics of Banteng (Bos javanicus) Collected by Electroejaculation Method Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda; Iis Afriantini; Muhammad Agil; Dedi R Setiadi; Tuty L Yusuf; Yohana Tri Hastuti; Jansen Manansang; Dondin Sajuthi
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Banteng (Bos javanicus) is listed as endangered species in IUCN Redlist. Only few thousand wild banteng survive and their numbers are decreasing as a result of hunting and the loss of habitat due to deforestation and conversion to agricultural land. One of the conservation measures is to preserve this species in ex-situ breeding center. The breeding centre with the largest number of individuals is Ragunan Zoo in Jakarta, with 21 animals. Despite those numbers of individuals available, the sex ratio was far from ideal at 16 males and five females. While in Taman Safari Prigen, there were with 16 individuals and a sex ratio of five males and 11 females [1] Since number of males are usually less than females, and also to avoid inbreeding in order to keep high heterozygosity population, therefore, assisted reproductive technology such as artificial insemination is considered to be necessary.For artificial insemination, semen collection sufficient quantitiy and quality of semen from males are needed. Thus, best semen collection method should be considered. Though transrectal massage procedure does not require the male to be anesthetized  prior to semen collection, semen collected by this technique contains urine contamination. Besides, volume of semen sample obtained by transrectal massage is lesser compared to electroejaculation. Electroejaculation is also suitable for wild animal because in this particular semen collection procedure, males are not required to be trained.The information about semen characteristics of banteng bulls collected by electroejaculation is less known. To date, study done by Johnston et al. (2002) is the only available data. That study only provided data from one semen sample from one 4-year-old banteng bull located at Western Plains Zoo [2]. Moreover such volume parameter and consistency was not reported from that study. Thus, this study is aimed to provide more reliable data from larger number of semen samples  collected by electroejaculation and to add information to previous data that are availabe.
FA-6 Analysis of Sperm Freezing Capability of Various Bulls at the Singosari AI Center Rhesti Indriastuti; Enniek Herwiyanti; Anny Amaliya; Iis Arifiantini; Bambang Purwantara
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Artificial insemination (AI) has been widely applied to improve genetic quality in cattle worldwide. One of the most important factors in AI program is the quality of semen.  Many procedures in semen processing have been developed to preserve the sperm quality. The Singosari AI center produces the frozen semen through cryopreservation method. During this process, the number of semen collected will be rejected if the quality is low. Fresh semen with less than 70% of sperm motility, before freezing semen with less than 55%of sperm motility and less than 40% of sperm post-thawing motility evaluation will be rejected, so that it was only the viable sperm will be processed to be frozen semen commercial. Therefore, comparative study was carried out to analyze the freezing capability of sperm.
FA-7 Practical Applications of Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bali Cattle Herded Semi-Intensively in Maumere, NTT Cynthia Gaina; Tarsisius Considus Tophianong; Tri Utami
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Generally, real time, B-mode ultrasound scanner has become an essential part for veterinary reproduction applications. Diagnostic ultrasound seems to be a useful tool to study anatomical structures and to confirm echogenic pattern in reproductive organ (Holman et al, 2011). Many experiments showed that ultrasonography imaging has considerable beneficial for the evaluation of the internal structure of reproductive organ function in domestic animals (Beal et al, 1992) as it can be used as a non-invasive technique to evaluate animal reproductive health (Holman et al 2011). Pregnancy detection with ultrasonography provides more advantage compare to manual palpation because of its ability to detect early presence of embryo and its accuracy (Beal et al, 1992; Nation et al 2003). To the best of our knowledge, most of cattle farmers and veterinarians in Maumere have relied on one single method for detecting pregnancy in cows, that is, rectal palpation. However, this method has its limitation as it should be performed by a skillful technician to diagnose pregnancy as early as 40 days of gestation and it does not provide any information about the viability of the embryo or fetus. Therefore, this study aims to investigate pregnancy status of Bali cattle herded semi-intensively in Maumere, NTT by using ultrasonography.The objective of the research was to study the practical uses of ultrasound for pregnancy detection in Bali cattle on B-mode ultrasound imaging.
FA-8 Embryo Transfer and Artificial Insemination Program of Belgian Blue Cattle in Indonesia: Pregnancy Rate, Birth Weight and Calving Ease Bambang Purwantara; Oloan Parlindungan; Yuni Siswanti; Muhammad Imron; Yanyan Setiawan
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

The beef cattle industry in Indonesia hampered by low population and productivity. Apart from genuine adaptability to tropical condition and low input of production, local breeds basically have small body size and low daily weight gain. During the last few years, through artificial insemination (AI) program the government has introduced crossbred of various European breeds with local cattle. Moreover, embryo transfer (ET) program, has also been adopted to support the foundation of elite cattle.    Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang, a centre to produce and distribute embryos of high genetic quality cattle is responsible to develop a modern breeding program through embryo technology. The center, since its establishment in 2000, has produced and distributed thousands of bovine embryos of local and exotic breeds [1].  BET Cipelang has mandated to implement a large-scale importation of Belgian Blue (BB) embryos. Nine hundred frozen BB embryos have been imported from Belgium and transferred to recipients at various breeding centres. To study the performance of  the crossbred between local breeds and BB, 1000 frozen semen of BB bulls were imported and inseminated [2}.   The BB cattle has widely known as the breed with double muscling properties. The significance of this project is to study the BB capability on coping up with various local constraints to produce Indonesian BB. The breeding program of the local breed with BB through AI will direct the breeding policy on crossbreeding program. This study was developed to evaluate the success rate of AI and ET, calving ease, calves body weight, daily gains and some other phenotypic performance.    
FA-9 Reproductive Efficiency of Brahman Cross Cattle Using Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen from Bali, Brahman, Limousin, and Simmental Cattle Husnul Khotimah; Muhammad Agil; Bakti Tamba; I Ketut Karya Wisana; Sutrisnak Sutrisnak; Harianto Budi Rahardjo; Tuty L Yusuf
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Demand and consumpsion of beef meat increases every year in Indonesia. The increase of  demand is not followed by the availability supply of beef cattle production nationaly. Statistical data from Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan Indonesia  showed that on the year of 2016 the demand of beef was 604.968 ton and the production of beef was only 354.770 ton. The goverment imported of beef and cattle to fulfill the lack of supply, as of 2016 there was  116.761 ton beef and 1.298.560 cattle imported to Indonesia(1).Indonesia has determined to achieve beef self–sufficiency by 2024. To achieve that goal the goverment want to increase the cattle population nationaly by requiring the cattle and buffalo farm industry to oblige the breeding programe. The goverment made some policy including Upsus SIWAB and an obligation of the feedloters of imported cattle to do breeding. According to PERMENTAN no 49 thn 2016 and it’s add on PERMENTAN no 2 thn 2017, importation of beef cattle must meet the ratio 1:5 between breeding cattle and feeder cattle.Reproductive efficiency is a parameter used to determine the success of breeding programe. Reproductive eficiency is a measure of the ability if a cow to become pregnant and produce offspring(2). Optimalization of reproductive efficiency can be one of means to increase national cattle population.Brahman Cross is one of the most common imported cattle breed to Indonesia. Husbandry and reproductive management play an important role to achieve the best result on cattle breeding programe. Feedloters who conduct breeding programe of Brahman Cross cattle (Breedlot) have the capacity and potential to increase the reproductive efficiency of their breeding programe due to they have capital and good management. Thus it is important to assess and measure the reproductive efficiency of Brahman Cross cattle artificially inseminated with frozen semen to increase the reproductive efficiency of beef cattle in the Breedlot.
FA-10 Sperm Freezability of Various Breed of Bulls at Lembang AI Center Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada; Tri Harsi; Bambang Purwantara
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

Currently, artificial insemination (AI) techniques using cryopreserved semen have been widely used to improve the genetic potential of livestock species. Semen at the Lembang AI Center usually collected by artificial vagina (AV) then the semen should be evaluated to get the good quality of spermatozoa for the freezing process. Several efforts are being made to improve the quality of frozen semen for AI so as to get the most out of this technology. But there are certain obstacles in this path to achieve breeding goals. The trend now is to design procedures or refine methodologies so as to maximize the production of good quality semen without discarding too many poor quality ejaculates. Therefore, to minimize the poor or discarded spermatozoa used in the cryopreservation process, this study might elaborate more about the influencing factors.
FA-11 Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Brucellosis in Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Province, Indonesia Aprizal Panus; Monayae Eakkatat; Peter Black; Liliek Indrayani; Safrison Idris
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Brucellosis in dairy cows caused by Brucella abortus is detrimental to the dairy business because it adversely affects the production and reproduction potential of dairy cows.  In Indonesia, annual economic losses due to reproductive disorders including abortion, infertility, sterility, death early of born weak calves and decreased milk production reached 13.8 million US$ (Noor, 2007).Subsequent serological studies have indicated the presence of bovine brucellosis in some areas in Indonesia such as South Sulawesi, West Timor and DKI. Jakarta. Although infection of goats and sheep in Indonesia has not been documented, brucellosis is likely to be present in these species as well. However, brucellosis in these species is generally caused by Brucella melitensis.Brucella abortus is endemic in Indonesia. In past three years, the number of brucellosis cases in DKI. Jakarta has increased with more less 501 heads were detected seropositive recently in 91 farms of dairy cattle and 141 out of 899 samples in 2013, 5 out of 178 in 2014 and 58 out of 202 in 2015 samples were positive Brucellosis reported among approximate 2.550 dairy cattle in DKI. Jakarta province respectively.  Brucellosis was detected not only in dairy cattle, but also in sheep in DKI. Jakarta Province. Therefore brucellosis still a concern of the Indonesian government.Population of cattle in Indonesia is more less 16 million. This population comprises of 15.5 million of beef cattle and 0,5 million of dairy cattle distributed in 33 provinces.  In Indonesia, eradication activities are accompanied by a vaccination program of infected farms conducted to maintain low level of brucellosis at farm level.However the implementation of vaccination program is mostly irregular, and therefore the benefits from the vaccination for brucellosis may be hard to assess. In addition, culling accompanied by a compensation scheme has not worked properly, as the amount of compensation disbursed is generally considered insufficient by farmers. This means that not all seroreactors are culled. (Anka et al, 2014).This situation threatens the cattle population in DKI. Jakarta, especially for DKI. Jakarta Province which has become the source of dairy products such as milk and milk-derived products. Therefore, bovine brucellosis is still one of the targeted diseases that the Indonesian government is trying to eradicate in future. 
PAT-1 Case report: Metastatic ganglioneuroma in a Sumatran Tiger E Handharyani; D R Agungpriyono; R W Wiranti; G K Suryaman; S Edwar; E Rumiyati; A Winarto
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Neuroblastic tumors, which are uncommon tumors of nerve cell origin, are classified into neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma depend-ing on the degree of maturation of neoplastic neuroblasts and development of schwannian stroma [2,4,7].  Ganglioneuroma is a rare neuroectodermal tumor of the peripheral nervous system. Ganglio-neuromas generally are considered to be benign neoplasms composed of both mature ganglion cells and nerve fascicles with axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and other connective tissue elements [1].  The aim of this study is to clarify the pathomor-phological feature of a subcutaneous ganglio-neuroma which occurred in a Sumatran tiger. 
PAT-2 Rapid Diagnostic Test of Red Sea Bream Iridoviral Disease (RSIVD) in Grouper Epinephelus sp. Based on Serological Co-Agglutination and Molecular Study Dwi Sulistiyono; Surya Amanu; Kurniasih Kurniasih; Yuli Purwandari Kristianingrum
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) is caused by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), adouble stranded DNA of Icosahedral virus with a diameter of 120-240 nm [1]. RSIV is  one  of the  species  of  the Megalocytivirus,  Genus  of  the  Iridoviridae Family,  first reported to infect red sea bream (Pagrus major) fish, at Sikoku Island, Japan 1991, and since then it has been noted to cause considerable economic losses to fisheries in Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Korea, Philippines, Malaysia and also in Indonesia [2,3,4]. Rapid transmission with high mortality rates in fish populations infected becomes a serious threat to the aquaculture fishery business. Stained imprints or tissue sections [1], monoclonal antibody technique (MAb), Immunofluorescent Antibody Tests (IFAT) [5], Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) [6] Electron Microscope and Multiplex PCR [2] methods have been introduced.  Although it is very effective for detecting RSIVD in infected fish, but requires training and specialized equipment at a high cost.Co-agglutination test is a diagnostic method, used both in humans and animals in detecting bacterial or viral diseases [7], this method is fast, easy to use, and does not require special equipment. Test results from co-agglutination are easily seen macroscopically, so it is suitable if developed in RSIVD detection in the field case. This study aims to create and conduct RSIVD co-agglutination kit field tests supported by molecular studies and diagnostic analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the accuracy and reliability of the kit. Then the test results will be compared from the pooling and individual samples.

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