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Antimicrobial activity of pliek u oil and pliek u crude extracts were evaluated against seven bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Pliek u oil has been used as cooking oil and medicinal of skin diseases, wound, fever, headache and stomache. Pliek u has been consumed as spices and sambal, and also used for feed poultry. Th Nurliana .; Mirnawati Sudarwanto; L.I. Sudirman; Anastasia Winny Sanjaya
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Antimicrobial activity of pliek u oil and pliek u crude extracts were evaluated against seven bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Pliek u oil has been used as cooking oil and medicinal of skin diseases, wound, fever, headache and stomache. Pliek u has been consumed as spices and sambal, and also used for feed poultry. These foods collected from home industry at Redeup village in Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. The hexane and ethanol extracts of pliek u were obtained by standard method. The antimicrobial activity was detected using paper disc method and the concentration of crude extract was determined by dilution method. Among antimicrobials extracts tested, the ethanol crude extract (EEP) was most active against all microbial strains. The ethanol crude extract obtained from pliek u previously extracted by hexane (EERH) was active toward bacterial strains and only hexane crude extract was active against C. albicans. The results indicated that ethanol crude extract (EEP) showed antimicrobial activity at a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a Minimal Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) at 2.5-10 mg/ml and 10-20 mg/ml, respectively. EEP was still active at 100ºC, 121ºC for 15-60 minute, 28ºC (room storage), 10ºC (refrigerator temperature), both for 1-6 months and at pH from 1-11. The results of the research concluded that EEP showed significant antimicrobial activity. Key words: pliek u, coconut fermentated, antimicrobial activity, toxicity test

Re-circulating rice dryers suitable for large amount of loading capacity. It generally comprises of two parts, the tempering section and a drying section, and the grains are dried in an intermittent way until the final moisture content of the grains can be achieved. Wet grains are initially dried for about 11 minutes within the drying section of the dryer. The grains then are conveyed to the tempering section where it will be stored for about 40 to 50 minutes. At every passes, about less tha Totok Prasetyo; Kamaruddin Abdullah; Armansyah H. Tambunan; Leopold Nelwan; I Made K.D
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Re-circulating rice dryers suitable for large amount of loading capacity. It generally comprises of two parts, the tempering section and a drying section, and the grains are dried in an intermittent way until the final moisture content of the grains can be achieved. Wet grains are initially dried for about 11 minutes within the drying section of the dryer. The grains then are conveyed to the tempering section where it will be stored for about 40 to 50 minutes. At every passes, about less than 2%(wb) of the moisture content can be removed from the grains. The number of passes required to accomplish a drying process in a recirculation dryer depends on the initial moisture content and the amount of rough rice to be dried. The drying and tempering duration can be adjusted by means of a mechanical valve. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of re-circulating dryers equipped with pneumatic conveyor instead of bucket elevator to reduce electricity cost and heated using a proper blend between kerosene and jatropha oil. Several experimental runs had been conducted under a constant drying temperature of 60oC and was controlled by adjusting the rate of fuel consumption. The experimental results showed that the drying efficiency was in the range of 22.2% to 31.1%, the specific energy consumption was between 3.475-4.785 MJ/kg H2O evaporated, fuel consumption at 0.95 to 1.15 (liters/hr) and the drying rate was 0.9%/hr. The entire drying operation using 465 kg of rough rice required 10 hours of drying time with 74.3% of head yield. Mathematical model used in this study also had indicated close agreement with experimental data. Key words: re-circulating dryer, pneumatic conveyor, drying performance, tempering period, bio-kerosene blend

The mangrove area of Togean Islands have been used for marine ecotourism activities. The increasing of anthropogenic activities affected to decreasing of mangrove area and mangrove tourism attractive. This research aim to assess characteristic and suitability of mangrove forest area for mangrove ecotourism uses. The data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial analysis with geographic information system (GIS) approach. The result showed that the correlation value o Alimudin Laapo; Achmad Fahrudin; Dietriech G. Bengen; Ario Damar
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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The mangrove area of Togean Islands have been used for marine ecotourism activities. The increasing of anthropogenic activities affected to decreasing of mangrove area and mangrove tourism attractive. This research aim to assess characteristic and suitability of mangrove forest area for mangrove ecotourism uses. The data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial analysis with geographic information system (GIS) approach. The result showed that the correlation value of those four parameters was relatively higher in November than in July. Those parameters were the component that forms the main axis in both month. The increasing of turbidity and decreasing of salinity in November rather than in July were correlated with rainy season. Generally, mangrove area in Togean Islands was suitable with conditional categories to mangrove ecotourism uses. Ecotourism has the most potential to meet these goals and it will be able to tackle most of the problems when GIS technology would be used as a tool to minimize the impact. Keywords: area suitability, mangrove, ecotourism, Togean Islands

Cacao plant is one of the major commodity of plantation in South East Sulawesi, especially in Konawe regency. Practices of land management implemented by the local cacao farmers in many cases are not in accordance to soil and water conservation principles until caused of soil degradation. The research was aimed to investigate the alteration of soil physics properties on the local farmers cacao cropping land at different slope as related to canopy cover. The research was conducted in Amosilu V Nurmi .; Oteng Haridjaja; Sitanala Arsyad; Sudirman Yahya
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
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Cacao plant is one of the major commodity of plantation in South East Sulawesi, especially in Konawe regency. Practices of land management implemented by the local cacao farmers in many cases are not in accordance to soil and water conservation principles until caused of soil degradation. The research was aimed to investigate the alteration of soil physics properties on the local farmers cacao cropping land at different slope as related to canopy cover. The research was conducted in Amosilu Village, Besulutu District, Konawe Regency, the Province of South East Sulawesi, from December 2006 to September 2007. The experimental method with field study was applied in split plot design consisting of three factors, namely (i) slope consisting of two levels (10-15% and 40-45%) and (ii) age of the cacao plant consisting of two levels (5 to 7 months and 25 to 27 months) were used as main plots (P1 = 5 to 7 months and 10-15%; P2 = 25 to 27 months and 10-15%; P3 = 5 to 7 months and 40-45%; and P4 = 25 to 27 months and 40-45%), while (iii) vegetatif conservation treatment was used as sub plots consisting of three levels, i.e T1 = cacao with disc clearing, T2 = dry field rice and soybean rotation within cacao plant, T3 = T2 + Arachis pintoi as strip plant. There was not interaction between both cacao plant and slope treatment with vegetative conservation treatment to soil physics properties, exception on aggregate stability index. The result showed that vegetative conservation treatment (T1) that is cacao with disc clearing was best alternative because they implied the higher rate of total porosity (61,8%) and the lower rate of bulk density (1,013 g cm-3) as soon as the raising of aggregate stability index as well. Key words: cacao, canopy cover, conservation, soil physics properties

Gender and food security are highly correlated. The specific aims this study are (1) to analyze working time allocation based on gender, (2) to examine the income contribution of women to family income, and (3) to evaluate factors affecting food security at household level. The phenomena of gender inequality and the high rate of malnutrition cases in the District of South Konawe indicate the persistent of food insecurity problems in household level. Descriptive-qualitative analysis was employ Siti Aida Adha Taridala; Harianto .; Hermanto Siregar; Hardinsyah .
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Gender and food security are highly correlated. The specific aims this study are (1) to analyze working time allocation based on gender, (2) to examine the income contribution of women to family income, and (3) to evaluate factors affecting food security at household level. The phenomena of gender inequality and the high rate of malnutrition cases in the District of South Konawe indicate the persistent of food insecurity problems in household level. Descriptive-qualitative analysis was employed to examine the first two objectives, while econometric approach was used to analyze the last. Due to the dependent variable has biner characteristic, logit model was employed, and since the cumulative distribution of dependent variables was nonlinear, maximum likelihood was employed to estimate the parameter. The results of this study were : (1) gender working time allocation shows different pattern between man and women, while women working time allocations was focused on domestic activities, man working time allocation was concentrated on farming activities, (2) women contribute more income from non-farm activities compared to man did, and (3) factors considered to affect the food security at farmer’s household level were family size, gender based income of non farm activities, and on-farm income. Key words: gender, food security, logit model, maximum likelihood estimation, income

Fermented was reported to have different physicochemical and functional properties to those of non fermented flour. The objective of this research was to study the effect of spontaneous fermentation to chemical and rheological properties of corn flour and to identifying correlation among parameters. Flour was prepared by spontaneous fermentation with variation of fermentation time (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours). The result indicated that the increasing of corn grits fermentation time wa Nur Aini; Purwiyatno Hariyadi; Tien R. Muchtadi; Nuri Andarwulan
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
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Fermented was reported to have different physicochemical and functional properties to those of non fermented flour. The objective of this research was to study the effect of spontaneous fermentation to chemical and rheological properties of corn flour and to identifying correlation among parameters. Flour was prepared by spontaneous fermentation with variation of fermentation time (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours). The result indicated that the increasing of corn grits fermentation time was decrease of protein, crude fiber, lipid, ash, starch and amylase content of corn flour. The increasing of protein content, reduction sugar, crude fiber, ash, bulk density and gelatinization time were decrease of gel strength. Gel strength will be promote with increasing of angle of repose and peak viscosity. Gel stickeness will decrease with increasing of amylosa: amylopecyin ratio and breakdown viscosity. Key words: white corn, flour,fermentation, chemical, rheological

Land rehabilitation of post-mining must be done with reforestation. Reforestation success in post-mining revegetation should to refer the characteristics of natural forests. The success of the reforestation is expected to reach a climax forest ecosystem. How much time is needed to achieve the desired condition (success reforestation), in this case described as the age of achievement expectations of reforestation success to reach a climax forest ecosystem (the basalt area). The research is aim Nining Puspaningsih; Kukuh Murtilaksono; Naik Sinukaban; I Nengah Surati Jaya; Yadi Setiadi
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana
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Land rehabilitation of post-mining must be done with reforestation. Reforestation success in post-mining revegetation should to refer the characteristics of natural forests. The success of the reforestation is expected to reach a climax forest ecosystem. How much time is needed to achieve the desired condition (success reforestation), in this case described as the age of achievement expectations of reforestation success to reach a climax forest ecosystem (the basalt area). The research is aimed to predict reforestation success age. The study used regression analysis for determining the reforestation success age in mining area. The measure used to determining the reforestation success age is basalt area (LBDS) of natural forests. Mathematically it can be summarized to LBDS = f (age). The study found the age of achievement expectations of reforestation success is 75 years. Over the 75 years when the efforts to improve, protect and enhance forest functions are be done well, consistently, and even continued to rise, certainly reforestation success will be achieved, or even faster. Key words: rehabilitation, mining area, reforestation, basalt area, reforestation success age

The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of micro fertigation system and application of cows fermented urine (uriferm) for chili (Capsicum annum sp.) Cultivation. The micro fertigation system with 0.5 mm inside diameter micro-tubing is used to control the flow from outlets along lateral. The lateral with 5/16 inch inside diameter is made of soft PVC hose. The result of the research showed that the micro fertigation system is running well. Randomized block design with four repl Naswir .; Soedodo Hardjoamidjojo; Nora H. Pandjaitan; Hidayat Pawitan
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
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The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of micro fertigation system and application of cows fermented urine (uriferm) for chili (Capsicum annum sp.) Cultivation. The micro fertigation system with 0.5 mm inside diameter micro-tubing is used to control the flow from outlets along lateral. The lateral with 5/16 inch inside diameter is made of soft PVC hose. The result of the research showed that the micro fertigation system is running well. Randomized block design with four replications are used for the field experiment. There are four treatments i.e. conventional culture by watering can (A), uriferm fertigation (B), non uriferm fertigation (C), and Hartus formula fertigation (D). The laboratory analysis showed that the properties of uriferm increase in composition compared to non uriferm and used successfully as nutrition. The micro fertigation system showed better result compared to the watering can on variable observation of plant and root development of chili. The field experiments showed that the micro fertigation system significantly reduced volume of water used by 49.5% and raised chili yield by 61.2% compared to watering can. The uriferm fertigation (B) showed better result compared to other treatments on wet weight of chili and water productivity. The total income from 390 m2 irrigated land with micro fertigation system was about Rp 2,961,700,00/season and feasible to apply with B/C ratio = 1.51, IRR value = 27.49% and NPV = Rp 387,413.83 at discount rate 9% per annum. Key words: micro fertigation system, uriferm, chili, water productivity, small plots

Southeast Maluku District waters has abundance fisheries resources, especially small pelagic fisheries, but its poorly managed. That is identified from inadequate infrastructure with traditional fishing effort. Furthermore, the quality of human resources (fishermen) is still relatively low, characterized by weak management and skills so that adopting technology is time-consuming. The objectives of this study were to analyze the alternative policies and steps or actions priorities on the small Jacomina Tahapary; Domu Simbolon; Tri Wiji Nurani
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana
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Southeast Maluku District waters has abundance fisheries resources, especially small pelagic fisheries, but its poorly managed. That is identified from inadequate infrastructure with traditional fishing effort. Furthermore, the quality of human resources (fishermen) is still relatively low, characterized by weak management and skills so that adopting technology is time-consuming. The objectives of this study were to analyze the alternative policies and steps or actions priorities on the small pelagic fisheries development in Southeast Maluku District waters. One of the approaches can be used for solving the development of small pelagic fisheries problems is analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Study result showed alternative development priority on increasing the number of catches (0.316), improving the quality of human resources (0.309), sustainable development of fishing gear (0.225), and improvement of infrastructure facilities and fishing (0.150) in consitency ratio of 0.04. Appropriate policy measures in the form of short-term program is the improvement of fishing technology (0.237), motorization of fishing units (0.189), the economic empowerment of fishing communities (0.187), entered into a building where fish autions (0.137), conduct training and coaching (0.130) and strengthening institutional institutional management and operations (0.120) in consistency ratio of 0,05. Conclusion is alternative development policy priority on increasing the amount of catch with the important aspects to be considered that biological aspects improving the efficiency of fishing gear, the economic aspect in improving labor income, the marketing aspect in strengthening the domestic market, the technical aspect of overcoming the influence of the physical environment of the selectivity tools and social aspects in improving the wages received by fishermen. Actions taken to increase the catch is with the development of fishing technology. Such measures are also useful for improving the quality of human resources (fishermen) in order to exploit fish resources responsibly and sustainably. Key words: analitycal hierarchy process (AHP), small pelagic, Southeast Maluku District, strategy development

Avian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease Andrijanto H. Angi; I Wayan Teguh Wibawan; Sri Murtini
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Avian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease especially in the treatment of infected host. In this experiment the neutralization ability of specific antisera against H5 were studied using various field viral isolates subtype H5N1. Antisera was developed in Cavia porcellus which vaccinated with AI subtype H5N1 in activated vaccine. The titre of antisera obtained is 28 used HI test. Four AI virus subtype H5N1 isolates from 2003 to 2006 agains viral were we as tested virus. The neutralization test showed that the sera were able to neutralizing 10 4 EID50 AI virus H5N1 with neutralization index range of 1.1-1.3. The result indicated that the specific antisera had the neutralization potency to the field virus. Key words: avian influenza, neutralization test, neutralization index

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Journal Mail Official
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Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

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