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Keberlanjutan Penatakelolaan Zona Pemanfaatan Tradisional dalam Kawasan Konservasi Laut Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih Papua Barat Roni Bawole; Fredinan Yulianda; Dietrich G Bengen; Achmad Fahrudin
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika Vol. 17 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University)

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Abstract

Understanding the governability of traditional use zone (TUZ) on Marine National Parks is still debated due to various reasons since successful implemented of the governing system could be observed in some areas only. There is a need to assess the contributions and limitations of governance performance sustainability. Using the Cenderawasih Bay National Park as a case, we studied the governance system (GS), system to be governed (SG), and interactive governance (IG) in managing TUZ. Multi-dimension scaling analysis showed that the existing management showed low sustainability (36%) caused by limitation of stakeholders capacity and violations of rules (GS), impact of live fish fishing, coastal ecosystem degradation and low income (SG), adaptive management and feedback from monitoring and evaluation that were not be able to create effective governance (IT). Improvement could be achieved by increasing the integration of these three systems, in which social-ecology system benefit could work under effective governance. This paper also supported the previous finding that household income alternative was the priority for improving management and conservation. It is justified that both direct and indirect benefits to the society or stakeholders could be provided by well-performed governance.
Produksi Serasah Mangrove di Pesisir Tangerang, Banten Gilang Rusrita Aida; Yusli Wardiatno; Achmad Fahrudin; Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 2 (2014): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem plays an important role in contributing the organic matter from litter produced which is amajor link of the food web in mangrove ecosystem. The research was conducted to estimate litterfall production ofmangroves in Tangerang coastal area. The structure and composition of the mangrove ecosystem consists ofAvicenia marina, Avicenia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, and Sonneratia caseolaris with density and diameter ofmangrove trees about 3 23 tress/100 m2 and 4.8 38.2 cm, respectively. The results of station groupings based onthe structure and composition of mangrove with environmental parameters showed the highest production oflitterfall generated by group II (station 4; consists of Avicenia marina and Rhizophora mucronata), followed bygroup III (station 6; consists of Sonneratia caseolaris) and group I (station 1, 2, 3, and 5; of Avicenia alba, Aviceniamarina, and Rhizophora mucronata). Litterfal production of group II reached 3.86 ± 0.22 g/m2/day, followed by groupIII and group I (3.63 ± 2.2 g/m2/day and 2.88 ± 0.99 g/m2/day, respectively). Overall, the total production of litterfallper day in the coastal area reached 3.45 g/m2/day with leaf as the main component (>80%), followed by twigs andreproductive organs.
Pengelolaan Kolaboratif Kawasan Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan Kabupaten Sukabumi Irma Minarti Harahap; Achmad Fahrudin; Yusli Wardiatno
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

Establishment of Marine Protected Area Sukabumi once the backup area Pangumbahan as Turtle Beach Coastal Conservation Areas and Small Islands (KKP3K), directly or indirectly, in desperate need of local community participation in the management of the region. Public perception of environmental conservation activities in the region is expected to help better management activities in the marine conservation area. The results of the analysis of the validity and reliability of the indicator variables assessed showed that each variable has a value Corrected Item-Total Correlation greater than 0.300. While the reliability value is greater than 0.700, i.e. 0.827 (perception), 0.897 (participation), 0.894 (law enforcement), 0.858 (policy), and 0.846 for the variable management. Based on the analysis of variables concluded that the perception of stakeholders and local government policies related Pangumbahan Turtle Conservation Area is the most dominant variable in determining the success of the conservation area management.
Penilaian Jasa Ekosistem Mangrove di Teluk Blanakan Kabupaten Subang Martini Dwi Indrayanti; Achmad Fahrudin; Isdradjad Setiobudiandi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (993.156 KB) | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.20.2.91

Abstract

Mangrove is one of the natural resource that has an important role in maintaining the balance between land-based and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore the ecosystems are placed as one of the life-supporting ecosystems which is needed to be preserved. This study was held in Blanakan Bay with objectives were: 1) To describe the covered area of mangrove ecosystem; and 2) To calculate the value of mangrove ecosystem services. Mangrove covered area was obtained through satellite image analysis while ecosystem services was anlyzed by economic valuation method. Economic valuation for mangrove ecosystem services is an important variable in coastal management. The result showed that mangrove covered area was decreasing by 5% per year during the period of 2005-2012 while the value of the ecosystem services in the study area was Rp3.815.790.110,97/year.
Kesesuaian dan Daya Dukung Wisata Pesisir Tanjung Pasir dan Pulau Untung Jawa Akrom Muflih; Achmad Fahrudin; Yusli Wardiatno
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2015): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1829.892 KB) | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.20.2.141

Abstract

The objective of research was to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of Tanjung Pasir Coast and Untung Jawa Island for tourism. Research was conducted through survey descriptively and evaluative approaches to obtain primary data while secondary data also collected as supporting. The suitability of Tanjung Pasir Beach for tourism was 83.33% (highly suitable), Untung Jawa Beach 78.57 and 85.71% (highly suitable), mangrove 56.14% (suitable), but snorkeling 42.11% (not suitable) and 56.14% (suitable). Carrying capacity for tourism in the beach of Tanjung Pasir were 162 tourists/day, Untung Jawa 74 tourists/day, mangrove tourism 69 tourists/day, and snorkeling 20 tourists/day. However, the actual numbers of tourists in the region have exceeded the carrying capacity. Therefore, the control of tourists number is needed in order to match the carrying capacity of its environment as a management measure.
KAPASITAS ADAPTIF EKOLOGIS GUGUS PULAU GURAICI KECAMATAN KAYOA, KABUPATEN HALMAHERA SELATAN, PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA (Ecological Adaptive Capacity of Guraici Islands Group Sub-District Kayoa, Southern Halmahera District, North Moluccas Province) Riyadi Subur; Fredinan Yulianda; Achmad Fahrudin; Setyo B. Susilo
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2013): Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (437.253 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.4.2.97-108

Abstract

ABSTRACTCoral reef, mangrove, and seagrass bed are important ecosystems in coastal areas and small islands which plays critical roles in maintenance of shorelines and lands on small islands. Those ecosystems have mutual relationships in providing effective protection of lands and lives on small islands. The objectives of the research are to calculate, to valuate, and to determine ecological adaptive capacity small islands of Guraici Islands. Field work was carried out at all 17 islands of Guraici Islands, where data collection and calculations of each ecosystem adaptive capacity of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass bed were made. Values of adaptive capacity for each ecosystem are found to range between 0.0 and 1.0 whereas values of the ecological adaptive capacity of every single island in Guraici Islands range between 0.0 and 3.0. The results of this research indicate that all small island ecosystems studied in Guraici Islands can be grouped into three categories of adaptive capacity, they are “medium, low, and very low”. Values of coral reefs adaptive capacity range between 0.0 and 0.58. Values of mangroves adaptive capacity range between 0.0 and 0.51. Values of seagrass beds adaptive capacity range between 0.0 and 0.51. Data analysis made also shows that small island ecological adaptive capacity in Guraici Islands has also belonged to three categories “medium, low, and very low”, where all their adaptive capacity values range between 0.37 and 1.64. Ten islands are in “Medium” category, six islands in “low” category, and one island is in “very low” category.Key words: coral reef, ecological adaptive capacity, mangrove, seagrass-------ABSTRAKTerumbu karang (coral reef), mangrove dan padang lamun (seagrass bed), merupakan ekosistem penting di wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil yang memegang peranan penting dalam melindungi garis pantai serta daratan pulau kecil. Ekosistem tersebut cukup efektif sebagai pelindung terhadap keselamatan lahan daratan pulau-pulau kecil, dan memiliki keterkaitan dalam melindungi pulau-pulau kecil. Tujuan peneliltian ini adalah menghitung, menilai serta menentukan status kapasitas adaptif ekologi pulau-pulau kecil dalam Gugus Pulau Guraici. Penelitian dilakukan pada 17 pulau yang terdapat dalam Gugus Pulau Guraici, dengan menghitung kapasitas adaptif ekosistem terumbu karang, ekosistem mangrove dan ekosistem lamun. Nilai Kapastias adaptif setiap ekosistem tersebut berkisar 0,0-1,0, sedangkan nilai kapasitas adaptif ekologi pulau berkisar 0,0-3,0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seluruh ekosistem pesisir yang diteliti pada pulau-pulau dalam Gugus Pulau Guraici tergolong dalam tiga kategori kapasitas adaptif yaitu “sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah”. Nilai kapasitas adaptif ekosistem terumbu karang berkisar 0,0-0,58.Ekosistem mangrove memiliki nilai kapasitas adaptif berkisar 0,0-0,51, dan ekosistem lamun kapasitas adaptifnya berkisar 0,0-0,59. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adaptif ekologi pulau-pulau dalam Gugus Pulau Guraici tergolong kedalam tiga kategori yaitu “sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah”, dengan nilai kapasitas adaptif ekologi yang berkisar 0,37-1,64. Sebanyak sepuluh pulau tergolong memiliki kapasitas adaptif ekologi “sedang’, enam pulau memiliki kapasitas adaptif ekologi berkategori “rendah”, dan satu pulau berkategori kapasitas adaptif ekologi “sangat rendah”.Kata kunci: terumbu karang, kapasitas adaptif ekologis, mangrove, lamun
ANALISIS SUMBERDAYA IKAN TEMBANG (Sardinella fimbriata) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPP LABUAN, BANTEN (Analysis of Fringescale Sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) Resources in Sunda Strait that Landed on PPP Labuan, Banten) Rodearni Simarmata; Mennofatria Boer; Achmad Fahrudin
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014): Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.605 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.5.2.149-154

Abstract

ABSTRACTFringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) is one of the economically important fish resources found in Sunda Strait waters. High economic value with the increasing demand of fish makes it as one of the main targets of capture. Intensive utilization on fringescale sardinella resulted in overfishing. The aim of this research is to identify production pattern, fishing ground, fishing season pattern and appropriate alternative management. This research carried out on April to June 2014. The results show that fringescale sardinella has a fluctuated production pattern. Fishing season for fringescale sardinella is on May-October, while the fringescale sardinella bad season (low catches) is on March. Fishing ground for fringescale sardinella in Sunda Strait waters are Labuan Bay, Tanjung Lesung, Sumur, Panaitan Strait, Rakata Island, Ujung Kulon, Sebesi Island, Tanjung Alang-alang, and Peucang Island. Management for fringescale sardinella can be accomplished by increase the mesh size, management fishing season (open-close system) and fishing areas.Keywords: Fringescale sardinella, management, PPP Labuan, Sunda Strait-------ABSTRAKIkan tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan ekonomis penting di perairan Selat Sunda. Nilai ekonomis yang tinggi serta pemanfaatan yang terus meningkat menjadikan ikan ini sebagai salah satu target utama penangkapan. Pemanfaatan intensif sumberdaya ikan tembang dapat mengakibatkan tangkap lebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola produksi, daerah tangkapan, pola musim penangkapan serta mengidentifikasi alternatif pengelolaan yang lebih tepat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April hingga Juni 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola produksi ikan tembang berfluktuatif. Musim penangkapan ikan tembang terjadi pada bulan Mei-September sedangkan musim paceklik berada pada bulan Maret. Sebaran wilayah penangkapan berada di sekitar perairan Selat Sunda yakni Teluk Labuan, Tanjung Lesung, Sumur, Selat Panaitan, Rakata, Ujung Kulon, Pulau Sebesi, Tanjung Alang-alang, dan Pulau Peucang. Pengelolaan ikan tembang dapat dilakukan dengan memperbesar ukuran mata jaring, pengaturan musim penangkapan dan daerah tangkapan.Kata kunci: Ikan tembang, pengelolaan, PPP Labuan, Selat Sunda
LAJU EKSPLOITASI SUMBER DAYA IKAN YANG TERTANGKAP PUKAT CINCIN DI SELAT SUNDA (Exploitation Rate of Fisheries Resources which Caught by Purse seine in Sunda Strait) Widyanti Octoriani; Achmad Fahrudin; Menofatria Boer
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 6 No. 1 (2015): Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (641.672 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.6.1.69-76

Abstract

ABSTRACTSunda Strait is waters which have great fishery potential in Indonesia. Catches of the Sunda Strait were landed in Pandeglang Regency, one of which is in the Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Labuan. Purse seine is fishing gear with the highest production in Sunda Strait. Species targets of purse seine are Fringescale sardinella, Mackerel, Short mackerel, Indian mackerel, Kawakawa, and Indian scad. The high price of the fish lead purse seine operation continuously. Increasing purse seine operation can lead to the scarcity fishery resources. Therefore, a study about fish exploitation rate is needed to know the utilization status. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exploitation rate of multispesies fisheries which caught by purse seine in Sunda Strait based on catch data landed data in PPP Labuan. This study used the ELEFAN I methods and Pauly formula. The result showed that the exploitation rate of fish resources for female and male fringescale sardinella are 0,79 and 0,70; Island mackerel are 0,78 and 0,60; short mackerel are 0,85 and 0,88; Indian mackerel are 0,80 and 0,83; kawakawa are 0,95 and 0,90; Indian scad are 0,75 and 0,62. Nowadays, all fish which caught by purse seine in the Sunda Strait has been indicated to over-exploitation.Keywords: exploitation rate, pelagic fish, purse seine, Sunda strait------ABSTRAKSelat Sunda merupakan perairan yang memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Hasil tangkapan ikan dari Selat Sunda didaratkan di Kabupaten Pandeglang, salah satunya adalah di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan. Pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap dengan produksi paling banyak di Selat Sunda. Spesies yang merupakan target tangkapan pukat cincin yaitu tembang, kembung, kembung perempuan, kembung laki-laki, tongkol, dan layang. Harga jual ikan yang tinggi menyebabkan pengoperasian pukat cincin terus ditingkatkan. Pengoperasian pukat cincin yang terus meningkat dapat menyebabkan kelangkaan terhadap sumber daya perikanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan agar diketahui status pemanfaatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi laju eksploitasi multispesies yang tertangkap pukat cincin di Selat Sunda berdasarkan data tangkapan yang didaratkan di PPP Labuan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode ELEFAN I dan rumus Pauly. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan berturut-turut betina dan jantan spesies tembang sebesar 0,79 dan 0,70; kembung 0,78 dan 0,60; kembung laki-laki 0,85 dan 0,88; kembung perempuan 0,80 dan 0,83; tongkol 0,95 dan 0,90; layang 0,75 dan 0,62. Saat ini kondisi semua ikan hasil tangkapan dominan pukat cincin di Selat Sunda telah mengalami tangkap lebih.Kata kunci: ikan pelagis, pukat cincin, laju eksploitasi, Selat Sunda
DINAMIKA POPULASI SUMBER DAYA IKAN LAYUR (Lepturacanthus savala) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA (Population Dinamycs of Savalai Hairtail fish (Lepturacanthus savala) in Sunda Strait Waters) Siska Agustina; Menofatria Boer; Achmad Fahrudin
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 6 No. 1 (2015): Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (600.446 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.6.1.77-85

Abstract

ABSTRACTSavalai hairtailis one of demersal fish that landed in PPP Labuan Banten with a fishing ground from the Sunda Strait waters. Savalaihairtail fish were caught by many gears (multigear) such as trawl, purse seine, small bottom trawl, and gillnet. This research aimed at reviewing population dynamic of savalai hairtail in Sunda Strait waters. The results showed the value of the growth coefficient (k) for female and male were 0,30/month and 0,23/month respectively, with asimptotic length (L∞) 710,41 mm for females and 856,52 mm for males. First length capture for females and males were 460,46 mm and 454,66 mm respectively. First length of maturity for female and male fish were 567,24 mm and 599,73 mm respectively. Natural mortality (M) for the female and male fish were 0,27/year and 0,22/year respectively. Total mortality (Z) for the female and male fish were 1,25/year and 1,60/year respectively. Based on the relationship between the values of M and Z, then the arrest of mortality (F) known for female and male fish were 0,97/years and 1,38/year respectively. The rate of exploitation for female and male fish were72% and 83% respectively. Based on the current rate exploitation, savalaihairtail fish exploitation has exceeded optimum exploited level (50%), so it indicated the savalaihairtail was overfishing. The value of Lc was smaller than Lm indicated savalaihairtail experienced growth overfishing.Keywords: growth overfishing, overfishing, savalai hairtail, Sunda Strait-------ABSTRAKIkan layur merupakan salah satu ikan demersal yang didaratkan di PPP Labuan Banten dengan fishing ground dari perairan Selat Sunda. Ikan layur ditangkap dengan banyak alat tangkap diantaranya alat tangkap payang, pukat cincin, pukat pantai, jaring arad, dan jaring insang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji dinamika populasi sumber daya ikan layur (Lepturachantus savala) di Perairan Selat Sunda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keofisien pertumbuhan (k) ikan betina dan jantan berturut-turut 0,30/bulan dan 0,23/bulan, dengan panjang asimptotik (L∞) 710,41 mm dan 856,52 mm. Panjang ikan pertama kali tertangka (Lc) untuk betina dan jantan berturut-turut sebesar 460,46 mm dan 454,66 cm. Panjang ikan layur pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) untuk betina sebesar 567,24 mm dan jantan sebesar 599,73 mm. Laju mortalitas alami (M)) untuk ikan betina sebesar 0,27/tahun dan ikan jantan sebesar 0,22/tahun. Mortalitas total (Z) untuk ikan betina sebesar 1,25/tahun dan ikan jantan sebesar 1,60/tahun. Berdasarkan hubungan antara nilai M dan Z, maka mortalitas penangkapan (F) diketahui untuk betina sebesar 0,97/tahun dan jantan sebesar 1.38/tahun. Laju ekploitasi ikan layur betina dan jantan berturut-turut sebesar 72% dan 83%. Berdasarkan nilai laju eksploitasi, pemanfaatan ikan layur telah melebihi pemanfaatan optimal (50%), sehingga di indikasikan mengalami tangkap lebih. Nilai Lc<Lm menunjukkan tangkap lebih yang terjadi adalah growth overfishing.Kata kunci: growth overfishing, tangkap lebih, ikan layur, Selat Sunda
SUMBERDAYA IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier 1817) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA YANG DIDARATKAN DI PPP LABUAN, BANTEN (Resources of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta Cuvier 1817) in Sunda Strait Water that Landed on PPP Labuan, Banten) Viska Donita Prahadina; Mennofatria Boer; Achmad Fahrudin
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (447.585 KB) | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.6.2.169-175

Abstract

ABSTRACTIndian mackerel is one of the small pelagic fish that has an important economic value and the dominant fish catches landed in PPP Labuan. The catch of Indian mackerel decreaseyear to year. Therefore Indian mackerel resources, alleged have over-exploited. The aim of this research was to identify a production pattern, fishing ground, fishing season pattern and identify a more appropriate alternative recommendation for the management of Indianmackerel. The results showedthat the production of Indian mackerel had a fluctuated seasonal pattern. The peak fishing season was in April to August while low season (low catches) in December and January. Distribution of Indian mackerel fishing grounds wasin the waters around the Sunda Strait such as RakataIsland, Rakata Kecil Island, Anak RakataIsland, Panaitan Island, Papole Island, Sebesi Island, Sebuku Island, Jongor and Tanjung Lesung. Utilization status of Indian mackerel has already overfished in biology and economics. Some recommendation for managing Indian mackerel resources that were landed in PPP Labuan such as, reduce the fishing effort, increase the mesh size, and improvementmanagement infishing season and fishing ground.Keywords: Indian mackerel, management, PPP Labuan, Sunda Strait-------ABSTRAKIkan kembung merupakan salah satu ikan pelagis kecil yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting dan merupakan ikan tangkapan dominan yang didaratkan di PPP Labuan. Hasil tangkapan ikan kembung menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh sebab itu diduga ikan kembung telah mengalami eksploitasi berlebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola produksi, daerah tangkapan, pola musim penangkapan, serta mengidentifikasi alternatif pengelolaan yang lebih tepat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pola produksi ikan kembung berfluktuatif. Musim puncak penangkapan ikan berada pada bulan April hingga Agustus, sedangkan musim paceklik berada pada bulan Desember dan Januari. Sebaran wilayah penangkapan berada di sekitar perairan Selat Sunda seperti di P. Rakata, P. Rakata Kecil, P. Anak Rakata, P. Panaitan, P. Papole, P. Sebesi, P. Sebuku, Jongor serta Tanjung Lesung. Pengelolaan ikan kembung dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengurangi upaya penangkapan, memperbesar ukuran mata jaring, pengaturan musim penangkapan dan daerah penangkapan.Kata kunci: ikan kembung, pengelolaan, PPP Labuan, Selat Sunda