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Pharmacy Reports
Published by Indonesian Young Scientist Group
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27989798     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51511/pr.2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacy Reports is an open-access journal publishing peer-reviewed research in the pharmacy field, covering topics in pharmaceutics, biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, bioinformatics, natural product, pharmacology and toxicology, and clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy Reports invites you to submit papers, covering topics in: pharmaceutics (pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery system), biomedicine (molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, biotechnology), pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry: drug design, drug synthesis, pharmacochemistry, bioinformatic), natural product (fractionation, isolation, purification, and elucidation), pharmacology and toxicology (pharmacokinetics, toxicology), clinical pharmacy (therapeutic drug monitoring, adverse drug reaction, drug interaction), pharmaceutical industry, pharmacy education, community service related to pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 70 Documents
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Aromatherapy candle formulation from Citrus microcarpa peel Meryta; Husnayanti, Ana; Sinulingga, Syamsul Rizal; Sudirman, Muhammad Seto
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.49

Abstract

Candles can serve a dual purpose of not only providing light but also acting as a means of aromatherapy. Aromatherapy, which involves the use of essential oils, such as calamansi peel (Citrus x microcarpa Bunge), is an alternative form of treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of essential oil, evaluate the characteristics of aromatherapy candles, and assess their appeal. The pre-experimental technique employed a one-time case study/post-test design, with soy wax used as the candle's wax base. The preference test for aromatherapy candles involved 30 untrained individuals. The candles exhibited a uniform color, with no cracks, defects, fractures, or air bubbles. The candle with a 3% formulation demonstrated the longest burning time and quickest melting point. Furthermore, candles containing 3% essential oil were preferred both before and during burning. Additionally, this formulation displayed the fragrance promptly, with the quickest perceived effect time.
Revolutionizing the fight against antimicrobial resistance with artificial intelligence Kusuma, Ikhwan Yuda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.53

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, responsible for millions of deaths annually. Current efforts to combat AMR include antibiotic stewardship programs, infection prevention and control measures, and the development of new antimicrobial agents. However, traditional laboratory techniques used to identify antibiotic-resistant genes are inadequate. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to combat AMR, potentially facilitating rapid diagnosis, predicting antibiotic resistance patterns, and identifying new treatments. AI can analyze large amounts of data from various sources and identify patterns and correlations that humans may miss. However, there are potential challenges and risks associated with implementing AI in the fight against AMR, including ethical concerns and data quality issues.
The potency of pinostrobin and pinocembrin as antiphotoaging agents: in silico study Pradnyana, I Gusti Ngurah Agung; Putri, Ketut Yuantarisa Kartika; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Laksmiani, Ni Putu Linda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.58

Abstract

Photoaging occurs when the skin ages due to ultraviolet light exposure. Phenolic compounds generally possess antioxidant activity, which helps prevent the formation of free radicals caused by sunlight exposure. This study explores the potential of pinostrobin and pinocembrin as antiphotoaging agents through molecular docking against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9. We utilized Hyperchem 8 to prepare and optimize the test compound and Chimera 1.11.1 for protein preparation. Validation and docking procedures were conducted using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 application, with validation confirming that the method was valid with an RMSD value ≤ 3 Å. Both pinostrobin and pinocembrin exhibited an affinity for the target protein, although their affinity was slightly less than that of the native ligand and retinol. In conclusion, pinostrobin and pinocembrin demonstrate an affinity for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, indicating their potential as anti-photoaging agents by obstructing the mechanisms of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9.
Exploration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) bioactivity as anti-SARS-CoV-2: in silico study Arifin, Nuha Haifa; Febriansah, Rifki
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 2 No. 3 (2022): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.50

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for innovation and the development of antiviral agents. One plant with potential antiviral properties is the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). However, research on the antiviral activity of dates against SARS-CoV-2 is limited. This study aims to assess the antiviral potential of compounds found in date palm fruit using a molecular docking method. Specifically, we compare these compounds to the antiviral drugs ritonavir and nirmatrelvir in their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The molecular docking analysis was conducted using various tools and software, including Autodock Vina, DS Visualizer, Autodock Tools, Python, and Marvin Sketch. The results of the study indicate that compounds such as apigenin, diosmetin, and luteolin have strong potential as antiviral agents. The binding affinity of apigenin in date fruit with various SARS-CoV-2 proteins is as follows: -7.6 kcal/mol for 3CL-Pro, -8.7 kcal/mol for Nsp3, -5.7 kcal/mol for PD-ACE-2, and -7.0 kcal/mol for RBD-S. Diosmetin exhibits similar binding affinities with these proteins: -6.7 kcal/mol, -8.5 kcal/mol, -5.6 kcal/mol, and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Luteolin also shows strong binding affinities: -7.9 kcal/mol, -8.6 kcal/mol, -5.7 kcal/mol, and -7.3 kcal/mol. In comparison, nirmatrelvir achieved docking scores of -7.2 kcal/mol, -7.5 kcal/mol, -5.1 kcal/mol, and -6.3 kcal/mol with the same proteins, while ritonavir scored -7.0 kcal/mol, -8.2 kcal/mol, -5.6 kcal/mol, and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Apigenin, diosmetin, and luteolin demonstrate stronger potential than nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, as evidenced by their lower docking scores when compared to these drugs.
Evaluation of analgesic activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from basil leaves (Ocimum x africanum L.) in acetic acid-induced rat models Sarimanah, Uvit; Nofita; Angin, Martianus Perangin
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.51

Abstract

Analgesics are medications that alleviate pain without impairing consciousness, with certain plants, such as basil (Ocimum x africanum L.), showing potential as natural pain relievers. This research investigated the analgesic effects of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from basil leaves on acetic acid-induced pain in rats. The study utilized percolation extraction methods with 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. Twenty-eight male white rats were divided into seven groups: one normal control group without treatment or induction, one negative control group receiving 0.5% CMC-Na, two groups treated with ethanol extracts of basil leaves at doses of 400 mg/kg BW and 800 mg/kg BW, two groups treated with ethyl acetate extracts at the same doses, and one positive control group administered 50 mg/kg BW diclofenac sodium. Thirty minutes post-treatment, 1% acetic acid was injected intraperitoneally, and writhing responses were observed over 60 minutes. The data on percentage protection from writhing were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by the LSD test. The findings revealed that both the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts at an 800 mg/kg BW dosage closely matched the analgesic effectiveness of the diclofenac sodium group.
Characteristic and taste test of aromatherapy candle from essential oil of Cananga odorata Kumalasari, Desy; Husnayanti, Ana; Pratiwi, Auronita Puspa
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.52

Abstract

Kenanga or ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) is renowned in the pharmaceutical domain for its essential oil, which boasts therapeutic properties. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing C. odorata essential oil in the production of aromatherapy candles. It focuses on examining the oil’s characteristics, candle properties, and consumer preferences. The oil extraction employed the enfleurage method, while purification was achieved using a rotary evaporator. We adhered to the SNI 06-3949-1995 standards for analyzing the essential oil and the resultant candle characteristics. Consumer preferences were evaluated through surveys conducted with 30 panelists. The study’s results revealed an oil yield of 48.5%, consistent with the established standards. Optimally, the formula with 25% essential oil concentration demonstrated superior performance in aromatherapy candles, exhibiting a burn time of 8 hours, 30 minutes, and 30 seconds, and a melting point ranging from 51°C to 53°C. This concentration also elicited positive responses from participants in terms of the candles' appearance, aroma (both before and after burning), and therapeutic impact. Notably, the candles with a 25% essential oil concentration were most effective in rapidly delivering therapeutic benefits, predominantly inducing relaxation. The study concludes that ylang-ylang essential oil is highly promising for aromatherapy candle production, with the 25% concentration formula demonstrating optimal results in terms of standard compliance, burn time, and user satisfaction.
Effect of pamelo orange (Citrus maxima) peel ethanol extract on burn healing in white rats (Rattus novergicus) Sukmawati; Kamri, Andi Maulana; Eni, Nur Syahira Atika
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.54

Abstract

Burns are injuries resulting from tissue damage caused by contact with a heat source. The ethanol extract of pamelo orange peel (Citrus maxima) contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, which have been shown to enhance wound healing by accelerating epithelialization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and determine the most effective concentration of ethanol extract of pamelo orange peel on burn wound healing in white rats. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups: a negative control group treated with 1% CMC-Na, two treatment groups receiving 3% and 6% ethanol extract of pamelo orange peel, and a positive control group treated with Lanakeloid-E®. Burns were induced on the rats' backs using a hot plate, followed by topical treatment for 21 days. Wound area measurements were taken on days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 21 using a caliper. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of pamelo orange peel significantly promoted wound healing in the treated rats. Both the 3% and 6% concentrations reduced wound diameter, with the 3% concentration proving to be the most effective, achieving an 86.86% wound healing rate. The effectiveness of the extract is likely due to the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins.
Exploring the binding affinity of rutin, catechin, and epicatechin to ALK and caspase-3: implications for colorectal cancer treatment Adhyaksa, I Nyoman Mahesa Praba; Pramesti, Ni Luh Putu Cintya; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Laksmiani, Ni Putu Linda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.56

Abstract

This study explores the interaction of rutin, catechins, and epicatechins with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and caspase-3, focusing on their potential role in modulating the apoptotic mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells. The experimental approach included the preparation of ALK (PDB ID: 5USQ) and caspase-3 (PDB ID: 2XZT), validation of the docking process, optimization of the test compounds, and docking analyses. The molecular docking methodology was validated with an RMSD value of ≤ 3 Å. The docking outcomes revealed that rutin, catechins, and epicatechin exhibited lower binding affinity to ALK, with binding energies of -8.58 kcal/mol, -8.41 kcal/mol, and -7.82 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to ALK's native ligand (-10.27 kcal/mol). Conversely, these compounds demonstrated higher affinity to caspase-3 than its native ligand (-2.54 kcal/mol), with binding energies of -6.03 kcal/mol for rutin, -5.28 kcal/mol for catechins, and -4.95 kcal/mol for epicatechin. These findings suggest that rutin, catechins, and epicatechins hold promise as colorectal anticancer agents by potentially modulating the activity of ALK and caspase-3 through inhibition and activation mechanisms, respectively.
The activity of of vitexicarpin and artemetin in inhibiting hyperpigmentation: an in silico study Riswana, I Kadek Rizki; Anjani, Ni Luh Ari Krisma; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Laksmiani, Ni Made Linda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.57

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation, characterized by increased skin darkening, is primarily attributed to augmented melanin production, often exacerbated by UV ray exposure. Inhibiting melanogenesis enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and d-dopachrome tautomerase, is a recognized strategy for managing hyperpigmentation. Flavonoid compounds, namely vitexicarpin and artemetin, have emerged as potential antihyperpigmentation agents. This study explores the inhibitory capabilities of vitexicarpin and artemetin on melanogenesis enzymes through in silico molecular docking. The process involved optimization of test compounds using HyperChem 8, target protein preparation with Chimera 1.11, method validation, and docking employing AutoDockTools 1.5.6, which integrates Autodock4 and Autogrid4 programs. The validity of the molecular docking method was confirmed with an RMSD value of ≤3 Å. The findings demonstrate that vitexicarpin and artemetin exhibit higher affinity towards tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and d-dopachrome tautomerase than the native ligands. Interaction models between the compounds and target proteins include hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic bonds, with the most visually identifiable hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that vitexicarpine and artemetin have promising potential as antihyperpigmentation agents by inhibiting melanogenesis enzymes, as evidenced by the molecular docking approach.
Comparative in-silico analysis of vitexin and orientin as potential antiphotoaging agents against MMP enzymes Nyunda, Ricky Putra Banyim; Wiantini, Ni Made Rita; Susanti, Ni Made Pitri; Laksmiani, Ni Putu Linda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.60

Abstract

Photoaging, a result of excessive UV exposure, increases ROS production and collagen degradation by MMPs, causing skin wrinkles and roughness. This study explores the potential of vitexin and orientin as natural antiphotoaging agents through in-silico molecular docking, comparing their efficacy against retinol in inhibiting MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 enzymes involved in photoaging. The research utilized Hyperchem 8 for compound optimization, Chimera 1.11 for target protein preparation, and AutodockTools 1.5.6 for docking analysis. Results demonstrated that vitexin and orientin exhibit stronger affinity towards MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, indicated by more negative binding energies than retinol. Their interaction with the MMP enzymes, characterized by specific hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues, suggests a potent inhibitory effect. This affinity indicates vitexin and orientin’s potential as effective antiphotoaging agents, providing a basis for further exploration in skin care applications.

Page 3 of 7 | Total Record : 70

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