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The Madrasah Principal's Strategy in Increasing Community Participation in the Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Madrasah in Deli Serdang Khairul Anwar; Syah Wardi; Asmiadi Asmiadi; Ishak Ali Muda; Habiburrahman Rizapoor
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.671

Abstract: This study analyzes the strategy of the principal of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA) in increasing community participation in Deli Serdang Regency by integrating historical, sociological, cultural, and legal dimensions. A qualitative approach with an instrumental case study design reinforced by historical-comparative analysis was used in this study. The research subjects were determined purposively including the principal of MDTA, teachers, madrasah administrators, parents of students, community leaders, and local government officials. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, with data validity guaranteed through triangulation and confirmability. The results show that the principal of MDTA utilizes cultural values and religious traditions of the Deli Malay community—tepang tawar, weekly wiridan, mutual cooperation, deliberation and consensus, and community self-reliance—as socio-cultural strategies in building participation. Supporting factors include location proximity, support from community and religious leaders, local government funds , and a flexible payment system; Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include community perception, competition from alternative institutions, student fatigue, changes in educational orientation, and managerial limitations. Implications include the involvement of community leaders, financial transparency, intensive communication, innovative programs, strategic partnerships, and ongoing evaluation. This research offers novelty through the integration of these four analytical dimensions in uncovering madrasah principals' strategies and contributing to the development of theories of Islamic educational leadership and social participation. Keywords: Madrasah Principal Strategy, Community Participation, MDTA, Cultural Values, Religious Traditions

Parenting Styles and Islamic Boarding School Culture: Shaping Students' Comfort at Mawaridussalam Islamic Boarding School Deli Serdang Eka Zul Wahyudi; Hafni Suherni; Irfa Waldi; Abdul Thaib Siahaan; Ali Umar
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.672

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara pola asuh orang tua dan budaya pesantren dalam membentuk kenyamanan santri di Pesantren Mawaridussalam, Batang Kuis, Indonesia. Dengan mengadopsi desain studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, yang melibatkan santri, orang tua, dan pengasuh asrama yang dipilih secara purposif hingga mencapai kejenuhan data. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, dengan triangulasi sumber dan teknik untuk menjamin kredibilitas. Temuan penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga tipologi pola asuh: Otoritatif-Disipliner, Demokratis-Partisipatif, dan Permisif-Terkontrol. Terdapat kesesuaian yang konsisten antara pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua dan yang dipersepsikan santri pada ketiga kelompok tersebut. Budaya pesantren yang berlandaskan Panca Jiwa—keikhlasan, kesederhanaan, kemandirian, ukhuwah Islamiyah, dan kebebasan terarah—berfungsi sebagai ruang internalisasi dan aktualisasi nilai. Kenyamanan santri terbentuk ketika pola asuh orang tua selaras dengan budaya pesantren, menghasilkan sinergi yang memperkuat motivasi belajar, komitmen keagamaan, dan kesejahteraan psikologis; sebaliknya, ketidakselarasan berpotensi menimbulkan ketegangan batin. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan program parenting dan bimbingan konseling dalam konteks pesantren. Kata Kunci: Pola Asuh Orang Tua; Budaya Pesantren; Kenyamanan Santri; Panca Jiwa; Pondok Pesantren. This study investigates the interplay between parental parenting styles and pesantren culture in shaping students' comfort at Pesantren Mawaridussalam, Batang Kuis, Indonesia. Adopting a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, involving students, parents, and dormitory caregivers selected purposively until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model, with source and technique triangulation applied to ensure credibility. The findings identify three parenting typologies: Authoritative-Disciplinary, Democratic-Participative, and Permissive-Controlled. A consistent correspondence was observed between parenting styles enacted by parents and those perceived by students across all three groups. Pesantren culture, grounded in the Panca Jiwa—sincerity, simplicity, self-reliance, Islamic brotherhood, and directed freedom—functions as a space for value internalization and actualization. Students' comfort is constructed when parental parenting styles align with pesantren culture, producing synergy that reinforces learning motivation, religious commitment, and psychological well-being; conversely, misalignment risks inner tension. This study contributes to the development of parenting programs and counseling guidance within pesantren contexts. Keywords: Parenting Styles, Pesantren Culture, Student Comfort, Panca Jiwa, Islamic Boarding School

Multicultural Cultural Capital and Inclusive Islamic Entrepreneurship: a Qualitative Case Study of a Pesantren in Rural Indonesia Norma Fitria
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.835

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis integrasi nilai-nilai multikultural dan kewirausahaan syariah sebagai instrumen transformasi sosio-keagamaan dan kemandirian ekonomi di Pesantren Hidayatul Quran, Lampung Timur. Dengan menerapkan desain studi kasus kualitatif intrinsik selama periode enam bulan, data dikumpulkan dari 15 informan kunci yang terdiri dari pimpinan lembaga, 4 manajer unit bisnis, dan 10 santri lintas etnis yang mewakili latar belakang Jawa, Sunda, Lampung, Bugis, dan Palembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, analisis dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam, yang kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis tematik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pesantren mengonversi heterogenitas budaya menjadi modal sosial yang produktif melalui penempatan tim kerja lintas etnis secara terstruktur di unit bisnis pertanian, peternakan, dan ritel. Selain itu, pengelolaan akad mudharabah dan musyarakah yang transparan menjadi mekanisme sentral untuk memupuk kepercayaan sosial lintas agama dengan masyarakat non-Muslim di sekitarnya. Secara konseptual, penelitian ini mengajukan bahwa kesadaran multikultural bertindak sebagai katalis operasional yang menanamkan model ekonomi syariah normatif ke dalam praktik sosio-budaya di tingkat akar rumput. Hasilnya, studi kasus ini menunjukkan bagaimana kewirausahaan syariah yang terinstitusionalisasi dapat mendorong kemandirian finansial sekaligus berkontribusi pada kohesi sosial di wilayah transmigran yang secara historis rentan. Kata Kunci: Pesantren, Kewirausahaan Islam, Pendidikan Multikultural, Modal Sosial, Pendidikan Islam. Abstract This study analyzes the integration of multicultural values and Sharia entrepreneurship as instruments for socio-religious transformation and economic self-reliance at Pesantren Hidayatul Quran, East Lampung. Employing an intrinsic qualitative case study design over a six-month period, data were gathered from 15 key informants comprising the institutional head, 4 business unit managers, and 10 multi-ethnic students (santri) representing Javanese, Sundanese, Lampungese, Bugis, and Palembangese backgrounds. Data were collected through participatory observation, documentary analysis, and in-depth interviews, and subsequently processed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that the pesantren converts cultural heterogeneity into productive social capital through the structured deployment of cross-ethnic work teams across agricultural, livestock, and retail business units. Furthermore, the transparent management of mudharabah and musyarakah contracts serves as a central mechanism to cultivate cross-religious social trust with neighboring non-Muslim communities. Conceptually, this study proposes that multicultural awareness acts as an operational catalyst that embeds normative Sharia economic models into grassroots socio-cultural practices. Consequently, the case demonstrates how institutionalized Sharia entrepreneurship can foster financial self-reliance while contributing to social cohesion in historically vulnerable transmigrant regions. Keywords: Pesantren, Islamic Entrepreneurship, Multicultural Education, Social Capital, Islamic Education.

Leadership, Group Dynamics, and Lecturers’ Job Stress in Private Islamic Higher Education Institutions: a Quantitative Structural Analysis Zultoni Lubis; Candra Wijaya; Abdurrahman
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.870

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan statistik antara kepemimpinan, dinamika kelompok, dan stres kerja dosen pada perguruan tinggi Islam swasta di bawah naungan Kopertais Wilayah IX, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei cross-sectional. Populasi terdiri atas 272 dosen tetap dari tujuh perguruan tinggi Islam swasta, dengan 183 responden yang dipilih melalui simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert lima poin dan dianalisis melalui statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat, korelasi Pearson, dan analisis jalur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan memiliki hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan stres kerja dosen (koefisien jalur = 0,243; t = 3,390), dengan kontribusi langsung yang dilaporkan sebesar 5,9%. Dinamika kelompok juga menunjukkan hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan stres kerja dosen (koefisien jalur = 0,304; t = 4,311), dengan kontribusi langsung sebesar 9,2%. Kontribusi dinamika kelompok secara numerik lebih besar daripada kepemimpinan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa stres kerja dosen berkaitan dengan faktor organisasi pada tingkat vertikal (kepemimpinan) dan horizontal (interaksi kelompok). Secara teoretis, temuan memperluas penerapan Job Demands–Resources Model pada konteks perguruan tinggi Islam swasta dengan menempatkan dukungan kepemimpinan dan kualitas relasi kolegial sebagai sumber daya organisasi yang potensial, sementara kepemimpinan yang tidak suportif dan interaksi kelompok yang disfungsional dapat menjadi sumber tuntutan kerja. Karena desain penelitian bersifat cross-sectional dan berbasis self-report, temuan ditafsirkan sebagai hubungan/prediksi statistik dan bukan sebagai bukti kausalitas eksperimental. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan organisasi; dinamika kelompok; stres kerja akademik; dosen; manajemen pendidikan tinggi; Job-Demands Resources Model Abstract This study examined the statistical relationships among leadership, group dynamics, and lecturers’ job stress in private Islamic higher education institutions under Kopertais Region IX, North Sumatra. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. The population consisted of 272 permanent lecturers from seven private Islamic higher education institutions, from which 183 respondents were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using five-point Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, Pearson correlation, and path analysis. The results showed a significant direct statistical relationship between leadership and lecturers’ job stress (path coefficient = 0.243; t = 3.390), with a reported direct contribution of 5.9%. Group dynamics also showed a significant direct statistical relationship with lecturers’ job stress (path coefficient = 0.304; t = 4.311), with a reported direct contribution of 9.2%. The numerical contribution of group dynamics was greater than that of leadership. These findings indicate that lecturers’ job stress is associated with both vertical organizational conditions represented by leadership and horizontal collegial conditions represented by group dynamics. Theoretically, the findings extend the application of the Job Demands–Resources Model to private Islamic higher education by highlighting leadership and collegial relationships as organizational and social resources, while unsupportive leadership and dysfunctional group interaction may constitute additional job demands. Because the study used a cross-sectional, self-report design, the findings should be interpreted as statistical associations/predictions rather than definitive experimental causal effects. Keywords: Organizational leadership; group dynamics; academic work stress; lecturers; higher education management; Job Demands–Resources Model.

Rewards and Punishments in Digital Islamic Education: An Integrative Literature Review and the Rahmah Ethical Framework Anri Naldi; Nurmawati Nurmawati; Anan Nisoh; Subban Lubis; Matius Ocon Ginting
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.874

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi penghargaan mendukung atau justru melemahkan motivasi belajar, batas pendidikan dan etis punishment di lingkungan digital, serta prinsip yang dapat menuntun praktik pendidikan Islam. Tinjauan literatur integratif mensintesis 54 sumber substantif, terutama terbit Januari 2015–September 2026, dengan karya fondasional sebelum 2015 dipertahankan. Penelusuran dilakukan secara iteratif melalui Google Scholar, platform penerbit, dan repositori resmi WHO, UNESCO, serta regulasi Indonesia. Sumber dikelompokkan menurut jenis bukti dan dinilai secara peka-desain berdasarkan transparansi metode, relevansi langsung, kekuatan inferensi, otoritas dokumen, dan keterbatasannya. Sintesis tematik menunjukkan bahwa penghargaan paling konsisten mendukung pembelajaran ketika berfungsi sebagai umpan balik informatif, mengakui kemajuan yang bermakna, dan tidak menggantikan otonomi peserta didik, efek gamifikasi tetap heterogen menurut desain, konteks, dan durasi. Bukti paling kuat menolak hukuman fisik dan merendahkan, sedangkan bukti langsung mengenai sanksi digital masih lebih terbatas dan terutama memerlukan inferensi hati-hati dari kajian privasi, analitik pembelajaran, dan disiplin sekolah. Berdasarkan pemisahan antara temuan empiris dan penalaran normatif, penelitian ini mengusulkan RAHMAH sebagai kerangka keputusan etis yang saling berinteraksi: Respect dignity and privacy, Align with learning purposes, Human review of digital data, Meaningful proportionality, Autonomy-supportive feedback, dan Healing through restoration. RAHMAH merupakan kerangka konseptual berbasis bukti, bukan paket intervensi yang telah tervalidasi, kelayakan, penerimaan, implementasi, hasil, dan dampak tidak terduganya masih perlu diuji di berbagai lembaga pendidikan Islam. Kata Kunci: Rewards and Punishments, Pendidikan Islam Digital, Motivasi Peserta Didik, Disiplin Etis, Kerangka Kerja RAHMAH Abstract This study examines the conditions under which rewards support or undermine learning motivation, the educational and ethical limits of punishment in digital environments, and principles that can guide Islamic educational practice. An integrative literature review synthesized 54 substantive sources published primarily from January 2015 to September 2026, while retaining pre-2015 foundational works when conceptually. Literature was identified iteratively through Google Scholar, publisher platforms, and official WHO, UNESCO, and Indonesian regulatory repositories. Sources were grouped by evidence type and appraised in a design-sensitive manner for methodological transparency, direct relevance, strength of inference, documentary authority, and limitations. The thematic synthesis indicates that rewards most consistently support learning when they function as informative feedback, recognize meaningful progress, and do not displace learner autonomy; gamification effects remain heterogeneous across design, context, and duration. The strongest evidence rejects physical and humiliating punishment, whereas direct evidence on digitally mediated sanctions is more limited and requires cautious inference from privacy, learning-analytics, and school-discipline scholarship. Separating empirical findings from normative reasoning, the study proposes RAHMAH as an interacting ethical decision framework: Respect dignity and privacy, Align with learning purposes, Human review of digital data, Meaningful proportionality, Autonomy-supportive feedback, and Healing through restoration. RAHMAH is an evidence-informed conceptual framework rather than a validated intervention package; its feasibility, acceptability, implementation, outcomes, and unintended effects require empirical evaluation across diverse Islamic educational settings. Keywords: Rewards and Punishments, Digital Islamic Education, Learner Motivation, Ethical Discipline, RAHMAH Framework

From Self to Others: Contextual Learning and Students’ Multicultural Perspective Development in Islamic Higher Education Faisal Faisal
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.879

Abstrak Pendidikan multikultural membutuhkan lebih dari sekadar pengenalan konsep keberagaman; diperlukan proses pembelajaran yang membantu mahasiswa menafsirkan pengalaman hidup mereka secara reflektif. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) memfasilitasi perkembangan perspektif multikultural dalam satu mata kuliah Pendidikan Multikultural di perguruan tinggi Islam Indonesia. Dengan desain studi kasus kualitatif, lima kasus kaya informasi ditelusuri melalui jawaban UTS dan UAS, angket sebagai data pendukung, serta wawancara semi-terstruktur setelah perkuliahan. Analisis tematik refleksif dilakukan melalui pembacaan dalam kasus dan perbandingan lintas kasus. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa telah mengalami keberagaman sebelum perkuliahan, tetapi tidak selalu memaknainya sebagai pengalaman multikultural. Tugas kontekstual, refleksi, dan dialog membantu mereka menafsirkan kembali pengalaman tersebut dalam empat bentuk perkembangan yang terdiferensiasi: recognition, reconstruction, reinforcement, dan perspective broadening. Dari analisis kasus ini, penelitian mengusulkan From Self to Others sebagai kerangka analitis untuk memahami alur dari pengalaman hidup menuju pemaknaan multikultural reflektif dan respons pendidikan inklusif. Kerangka ini merupakan proposisi analitis yang kontekstual, bukan model yang telah divalidasi secara luas; temuan dibatasi oleh satu mata kuliah dan lima kasus. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Kontekstual; Pendidikan Multikultural; Perkembangan Perspektif; Pengalaman Hidup; Pendidikan Tinggi Islam. Abstract Multicultural education requires more than introducing concepts of diversity; it requires learning processes that help students interpret lived experience reflectively. This study explores how Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) facilitates the development of multicultural perspectives in a Multicultural Education course at an Indonesian Islamic higher education institution. Using a qualitative case study design, five information-rich cases were traced across midterm and final examination responses, a supporting questionnaire, and semi-structured follow-up interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis combined within-case reading with cross-case comparison. The findings show that students had encountered diversity before the course but did not always interpret those encounters as multicultural experiences. Contextual tasks, reflection, and classroom dialogue helped students reinterpret prior experience through four differentiated forms of perspective development: recognition, reconstruction, reinforcement, and perspective broadening. Emerging from the qualitative case analysis, the study proposes From Self to Others as an analytical framework for understanding movement from lived diversity toward reflective multicultural meaning-making and inclusive educational responses. The framework is a context-bound analytical proposition rather than a broadly validated model, and the findings are limited to one course and five information-rich cases. Keywords: Contextual Learning; Multicultural Education; Perspective Development; Lived Experience; Islamic Higher Education

Risk-Taking, Transformational Leadership, and Organizational Culture in Relation to Madrasah Innovation in Dolok Masihul Tamimi Mujahid; Muhammad Fadhli; Yahfizham
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.881

Penelitian ini membahas hubungan antara pengambilan risiko, kepemimpinan transformasional kepala madrasah, budaya organisasi, dan inovasi madrasah pada lima Madrasah Aliyah di Kecamatan Dolok Masihul. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif asosiatif dengan sampel 101 guru yang dipilih secara proporsional dari lima Madrasah Aliyah. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan SmartPLS 4.0. Model menghasilkan SRMR sebesar 0,052; nilai R-square budaya organisasi sebesar 0,054 dan inovasi madrasah sebesar 0,472. Pengambilan risiko, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan budaya organisasi menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan inovasi madrasah. Pengambilan risiko juga menunjukkan hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan budaya organisasi, sedangkan hubungan kepemimpinan transformasional dengan budaya organisasi tidak signifikan. Budaya organisasi memiliki koefisien jalur terbesar di antara prediktor inovasi yang diuji. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi inovasi madrasah dalam sampel berkaitan dengan faktor kepemimpinan, pengambilan risiko, dan terutama norma serta praktik budaya organisasi. Karena data dikumpulkan secara cross-sectional dari guru yang berada dalam lima madrasah, hasil ditafsirkan sebagai hubungan statistik pada konteks penelitian ini, bukan sebagai bukti kausalitas. Kata Kunci: Pengambilan Risiko; Kepemimpinan Transformasional; Budaya Organisasi; Inovasi Madrasah; PLS-SEM Abstract This study examines the relationships among risk-taking, principals’ transformational leadership, organizational culture, and madrasah innovation in five Madrasah Aliyah in Dolok Masihul. A quantitative associative design was employed with 101 teachers proportionally sampled from the five schools. Questionnaire data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4.0. The model produced an SRMR of 0.052; the R-square values were 0.054 for organizational culture and 0.472 for madrasah innovation. Risk-taking, transformational leadership, and organizational culture each showed a positive and significant association with innovation. Risk-taking also showed a positive and significant association with organizational culture, whereas the association between transformational leadership and organizational culture was not statistically significant. Organizational culture had the largest estimated path coefficient among the predictors of innovation tested. These findings indicate that variation in madrasah innovation in the study sample is associated with leadership, risk-taking, and particularly organizational-cultural conditions. Because the data were cross-sectional and collected from teachers nested within five madrasahs, the findings are interpreted as statistical associations within the study context rather than as evidence of causal effects. Keywords: Risk-Taking; Transformational Leadership; Organizational Culture; Madrasah Innovation; PLS-SEM

Learning Management System Adoption, Practices, and Barriers in Educational and Training Institutions in Tegal Indonesia Dewi Apriani Fristianingroem; Sidik Puryanto
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.886

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan Learning Management System (LMS) di lembaga pendidikan dan pelatihan di Kota Tegal melalui desain mixed-methods yang menggabungkan survei deskriptif kuantitatif dan wawancara kualitatif terhadap 10 lembaga yang dipilih secara purposif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan wawancara mendalam dengan pimpinan lembaga, koordinator TI, serta tenaga pendidik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 80% lembaga (8 dari 10) telah menerapkan LMS; di antara kedelapan lembaga pengadopsi tersebut, Google Classroom (62,5%) dan Moodle (50%) menjadi platform yang paling banyak digunakan. Fitur yang paling sering dimanfaatkan oleh lembaga pengadopsi meliputi distribusi materi pembelajaran (100%), penugasan (87,5%), dan ujian daring (75%), sementara tantangan yang paling banyak dilaporkan mencakup infrastruktur internet yang belum memadai (87,5%), keterbatasan kompetensi digital sumber daya manusia (75%), dan biaya operasional (62,5%). Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa manfaat yang dirasakan—seperti fleksibilitas pembelajaran (100%) dan efisiensi administrasi (87,5%)—merupakan persepsi pengguna dan belum tentu mencerminkan hasil belajar yang terukur; wawancara juga mengungkap bahwa lembaga yang mengadopsi LMS secara terburu-buru pada masa pandemi cenderung hanya mencapai tingkat penggunaan moderat, berbeda dengan lembaga yang telah merintis transformasi digital sebelum pandemi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan infrastruktur, pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi tenaga pendidik, serta kolaborasi antarlembaga untuk mengoptimalkan penerapan LMS, dengan catatan bahwa temuan ini bersifat kontekstual untuk Kota Tegal dan generalisasinya ke wilayah lain masih terbatas. Kata Kunci: learning management system; adopsi teknologi; kesenjangan digital; kompetensi digital guru; Indonesia; Kota Tegal. Abstract Although Learning Management Systems (LMS) are increasingly central to digital education, empirical evidence on their implementation in medium-sized Indonesian cities remains limited. This study addresses that gap using a mixed-methods design combining a descriptive quantitative survey and qualitative interviews across 10 purposively sampled educational and training institutions in Tegal City. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with institutional heads, IT coordinators, and educators. Findings indicate that 80% of institutions (8 of 10) have adopted LMS; among these eight adopters, Google Classroom (62.5%) and Moodle (50%) are the predominant platforms, and the most frequently utilized features are learning material distribution (100%), assignments (87.5%), and online examinations (75%). Key challenges reported by adopters include inadequate internet infrastructure (87.5%), limited digital competence among human resources (75%), and operational costs (62.5%). Qualitative findings indicate that reported benefits—learning flexibility (100%) and administrative efficiency (87.5%) among them—reflect user perceptions rather than measured learning outcomes, and that institutions which adopted LMS hastily during the pandemic generally achieved only moderate use compared with those that began digital transformation earlier. The study recommends infrastructure enhancement, ongoing educator training, and inter-institutional collaboration to optimize LMS implementation, while noting that these findings are contextual to Tegal City and generalizable only with caution. Kata Kunci: Learning Management Systems; Technology Adoption; Digital Divide; Teacher Digital Competence; Indonesia; Tegal City

Ride-Hailing Drivers in Civilian Policing: Legal Boundaries and A 3K Framework For Public Security in Indonesia Asep Edi Suheri
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.888

Abstrak Partisipasi pengemudi ojek online dalam civilian policing menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai bagaimana mobilitas dan kapasitas komunikasi berbasis jaringan dapat mendukung keamanan publik tanpa memperluas kewenangan koersif kepolisian kepada aktor sipil. Penelitian ini menganalisis batas hukum partisipasi tersebut dan mengembangkan kerangka normatif untuk mengintegrasikan informasi yang dihasilkan pengemudi ke dalam proses kepolisian yang akuntabel. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, regulasi, dan konseptual, dengan memanfaatkan bahan hukum primer yang mengatur kewenangan kepolisian, pemolisian masyarakat, pelaporan digital, dan pelindungan data pribadi, serta literatur akademik yang relevan. Hasil analisis menempatkan pengemudi ojek online sebagai mitra sipil nonkoersif yang kontribusinya berasal dari kapasitas informasi yang terdistribusi, bukan dari kompetensi kepolisian atau kewenangan hukum. Peran yang dapat dijalankan terbatas pada pengamatan, dokumentasi yang sah, komunikasi, dan pelaporan, sedangkan penilaian, verifikasi, dan penegakan hukum tetap menjadi tanggung jawab Polri. Penelitian ini mengembangkan Kerangka 3K—Komunikasi, Koordinasi, dan Konfirmasi—sebagai mekanisme konseptual untuk mengatur peralihan dari informasi sipil menuju respons kepolisian yang berwenang. Komunikasi menstrukturkan penyampaian observasi awal, Koordinasi mengatur pembagian peran institusional antara pengemudi, perusahaan platform, dan Polri, sedangkan Konfirmasi berfungsi sebagai gerbang kewenangan melalui penilaian oleh personel kepolisian yang berwenang sebelum dilakukan respons koersif. Kerangka ini memberikan kontribusi pada kajian civilian policing dan community policing dengan memperjelas bagaimana partisipasi berbasis platform dapat mendukung fungsi kepolisian tanpa mengubah kapasitas informasi sipil menjadi kewenangan kepolisian yang didelegasikan. Implementasinya memerlukan pembagian tanggung jawab institusional yang jelas, pelindungan data pribadi, dan pengaturan pertukaran informasi antara platform dan kepolisian. Kata Kunci: Kerangka 3K; Pelaporan Digital; Pemolisian Masyarakat; Pemolisian Sipil; Pengemudi Ojek Online. Abstract The participation of ride-hailing drivers in civilian policing raises a legal problem concerning how their mobility and networked communication capacity can support public security without extending coercive police authority to civilian actors. This study examines the legal boundaries of such participation and develops a normative framework for integrating driver-generated information into accountable police processes. It employs normative legal research through statutory, regulatory, and conceptual approaches, drawing on primary legal materials governing police authority, community policing, digital reporting, and personal-data protection, together with relevant scholarly literature. The analysis identifies ride-hailing drivers as non-coercive civilian partners whose contribution derives from distributed informational capacity rather than policing competence or legal authority. Their permissible role is limited to observing, lawfully documenting, communicating, and reporting incidents, while assessment, verification, and enforcement remain the responsibility of Polri. The study develops the 3K Framework—Communication, Coordination, and Confirmation—as a conceptual mechanism for governing the transition from civilian information to authoritative police response. Communication structures the transmission of initial observations, Coordination allocates institutional roles among drivers, platform operators, and Polri, while Confirmation operates as an authority gate through which information is assessed by authorized police personnel before any coercive response. The framework contributes to civilian- and community-policing scholarship by clarifying how platform-mediated participation can support policing without converting civilian informational capacity into delegated police authority. Its implementation requires clear institutional accountability, data-protection safeguards, and regulated police–platform information sharing. Keywords: 3K Framework; Civilian Policing; Community Policing; Digital Reporting; Ride-Hailing Drivers

Adaptive Geopolitical Policing amid Global Security Dynamics: The Polda Metro Jaya Case Dekananto Eko Purwono
International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) Vol 8 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : The Islamic Education and Multiculturalism Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47006/ijierm.v8i3.889

Abstrak Perubahan geopolitik global tidak serta-merta menjadi persoalan pemolisian, tetapi dapat memperoleh relevansi keamanan ketika tekanan eksternal ditransmisikan melalui jalur ekonomi, politik, sosial, teknologi, dan informasi serta berinteraksi dengan kerentanan domestik. Penelitian ini menganalisis proses transmisi tersebut dalam keamanan metropolitan Jakarta dan mengembangkan kerangka konseptual Adaptive Geopolitical Policing bagi Polda Metro Jaya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis analisis dokumen dengan Polda Metro Jaya sebagai konteks institusional, bukan sebagai objek evaluasi empiris. Bahan penelitian mencakup publikasi akademik, peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen kebijakan dan institusional, serta sumber resmi yang dianalisis melalui identifikasi ancaman, penilaian transmisi, analisis kerentanan metropolitan, penilaian kapasitas institusional, dan sintesis konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relevansi geopolitik terhadap pemolisian bergantung pada adanya transmisi domestik yang dapat diamati, interaksi dengan kerentanan metropolitan, potensi eskalasi yang kredibel, dan keterkaitannya dengan tanggung jawab keamanan publik. Kerangka yang dikembangkan menghubungkan strategic intelligence, transmission assessment, early warning, metropolitan risk assessment, collaborative prevention, proportionate operational response, serta evaluation and feedback dalam satu siklus adaptif. Legalitas, kebutuhan, proporsionalitas, transparansi, akuntabilitas, profesionalisme, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia ditempatkan sebagai prinsip pengendali pada seluruh tahapan. Kerangka ini masih bersifat konseptual dan memerlukan validasi empiris sebelum dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai model operasional pemolisian. Kata Kunci: Adaptive Geopolitical Policing; Geopolitical Risk; Metropolitan Policing; Early Warning; Risk Assessment Abstract Global geopolitical change does not automatically constitute a policing concern, but it may acquire public-security relevance when external pressures are transmitted through economic, political, social, technological, and informational channels and interact with domestic vulnerabilities. This study examines that transmission process in metropolitan Jakarta and develops Adaptive Geopolitical Policing as a conceptual framework for Polda Metro Jaya. The research employs a qualitative document-based design, with Polda Metro Jaya treated as an institutional context rather than an object of empirical performance evaluation. The materials comprise scholarly publications, legal and policy documents, institutional reports, police-related materials, and official sources, analysed through threat identification, transmission assessment, metropolitan vulnerability analysis, institutional assessment, and conceptual synthesis. The findings indicate that geopolitical developments become relevant to metropolitan policing only when their domestic transmission is observable, interacts with existing metropolitan vulnerabilities, demonstrates credible escalation potential, and bears a sufficiently direct relationship to public-security responsibilities. The proposed framework links strategic intelligence, transmission assessment, early warning, metropolitan risk assessment, collaborative prevention, proportionate operational response, and evaluation and feedback within an adaptive analytical cycle. Legality, necessity, proportionality, transparency, accountability, professionalism, and human-rights protection operate as cross-cutting safeguards throughout the process. The framework remains conceptual and requires empirical validation before it can be regarded as an operational policing model. Keywords: Adaptive Geopolitical Policing; Geopolitical Risk; Metropolitan Policing; Early Warning; Risk Assessment

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Fridiyanto

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ijierm19@gmail.com

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+6282277629282

Journal Mail Official
ijierm19@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Rambutan, Caru Hamlet, Pendem Village, District Junrejo, Postal Code 65321, Batu City, East Java, Indonesia

Location
Kota batu,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Fridiyanto

Contact Email ijierm19@gmail.com

Phone +6282277629282

Journal Mail Official ijierm19@gmail.com

Editorial Address Jl. Rambutan, Caru Hamlet, Pendem Village, District Junrejo, Postal Code 65321, Batu City, East Java, Indonesia

Location Kota batu, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Fridiyanto

Contact Email
ijierm19@gmail.com

Phone
+6282277629282

Journal Mail Official
ijierm19@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Jl. Rambutan, Caru Hamlet, Pendem Village, District Junrejo, Postal Code 65321, Batu City, East Java, Indonesia

Location
Kota batu,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA