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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.)
Published by Indonesian Scholar Society
ISSN : 2830778X     EISSN : 28307658     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55749/ijcs.v1i1
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (IJCS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of basic and applied chemistry. IJCS was managed & published by the Indonesian Scholar Society. This journal is published 2 times a year, namely every June and December. IJCS covers the following topics, but is not limited to: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Analytical and Electroanalytical Chemistry; Materials and Polymer Chemistry; Supramolecular Chemistry; Organometallic Chemistry; Coordination Chemistry; Biomolecular Chemistry; Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Environmental Chemistry; Propellant Chemistry; and Chemistry for Defense.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Inorganic Chemistry
Articles 46 Documents
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Evaluation of Interlaboratory Comparisons on Quality Testing Towards Pesticide Formulation of beta-Cyfluthrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Profenofos Active Ingredients Putri, Ayutia Ciptaningtyas; Fitriadi, Bayu Refindra
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.38

Abstract

The Surabaya Center for Seed and Plantation Protection (BBPPTP Surabaya) carried out interlaboratory comparison research to test the quality of pesticide formulations. This study aimed to determine the ability of each participating laboratory to analyze the concentration of the active ingredients’ beta-cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos in test samples expressed in z-score values. A total of 15 laboratories participated in this program. The quality test method of the pesticide formulations for the beta-cyfluthrin, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos active ingredients referred to the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method, which was developed and validated. A homogeneity test was carried out before the test samples were distributed. The data were evaluated using a robust z-score statistical calculation algorithm, a method under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13528:2016. The assigned values used to calculate the z-score were obtained by statistical processing of participants’ test results. The results of the stability test calculation showed that the distributed sample data was statistically stable. Three laboratory participants were in the questionable category, and one laboratory participant was in the outlier category.
Detection of Hexavalent Chromium Ion in Water by Optode Membrane Arif, Zulhan; Munandar, Rafly; Rohaeti, Eti; Rafi, Mohamad
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v2i2.39

Abstract

Chromium is a heavy metal that is often found as a water pollutant. High concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ion in nature are toxic and carcinogenic, so their presence in water needs to be monitored. Detection of heavy metals in water was carried out using an optical sensor membrane (optode). The optode was fabricated from cellulose triacetate polymer with plasticizers (oleic acid and acetophenone), aliquot 336, and the chromoionophore 1.5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC). The success synthesis of optode was evidenced by FTIR and SEM characterization. The optode performance produces a linear response in detecting Cr(VI) ion in the concentration range of 0.02-0.40 mg/L with an R2 of 0.9930, as well as the best conditioning at pH 3. The detection and quantitation limits are 0.0055 mg/L and 0.0165 mg/L. The sensitivity of the chromium optode was excellence, with a molar absorptivity value of 8.8303 × 106 M-1cm-1. The performance test results of the chromium optode were acceptable because they meet the specified requirements for minimum detection concentration value.
Magnetically Chitosan-Silica-Based Biosorbent as Efficient Removal of Au(III) in Artificial Wastewater Pradipta, Adya Rizky; Putri, Regita Andriani Wiana; Khairani, Inna Yusnila; Hasnowo, Lutfi Aditya
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.40

Abstract

The synthesis of chitosan-modified silica-coated iron oxide magnetic material (Fe3O4/SiO2/Chitosan) via the sol-gel process addresses the need for enhanced stability and functionality in various applications. Coating iron oxide magnetic material with chitosan-modified silica is a common strategy to improve biocompatibility and performance. This study investigates the synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2/Chitosan using sodium silicate as the silica precursor. The synthesis involved sonication of Fe3O4 and sodium silicate for 5 min, followed by adding chitosan in 4% acetic acid with continuous stirring. The mass ratio of Fe3O4:SiO2 was fixed at 0.5:0.73, with varying chitosan masses (0.025, 0.050, and 0.075 g). Characterization techniques used included Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The product with the highest mass yield was further analyzed. The variation in the amount of chitosan in the conducted research aimed to determine the optimum chitosan mass that could still bind to the silica framework. Magnetite was confirmed as the primary composition, with the addition of chitosan and silica functional groups observed through vibration absorption characteristics. Thermogravimetric analysis showed differences in decomposition patterns between samples. The optimal chitosan content for characterization was determined at 0.050 g. Future applications might include enhanced adsorption processes owing to the optimized structure and composition of Fe3O4/SiO2/Chitosan nanoparticles.
Light Pyrotechnics Using Gunpowder Derived from Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) Waste and Activated Carbon Siregar, Fuad Idris; Prasojo, Agus Eko; Julianingrum, Shavira Triana; Aulia, Desi Rahma Yanti; Wardha, Sophia Nafisa; Gita, Mutiara
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.42

Abstract

Pyrotechnic materials are a category of materials that are often used in various applications, including military activities, lighting, signaling, and combat effects. In this study, an experiment was conducted to create a light pyrotechnic material using gunpowder, which is a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and activated carbon. The manufacturing process involved the activation of carbon from fly ash bottom ash (FABA) waste and the composition of different pyrotechnic materials. The experiment involved testing pyrotechnic compositions with varying ratios of KNO3 : carbon : sulfur. The results showed that the composition with a ratio of 15 : 7.5 : 7.5 produced the highest light intensity, reaching 104 lux, and provided optimal visual effects. In addition, the relative proportions of oxidizer, carbon and sulfur affected the type of pyrotechnic effect produced. Pyrotechnic light generation from gunpowder could be considered successful, and the best composition for spectacular visual effects was a ratio of 15 : 7.5 : 7.5. However, sufficient caution and knowledge were required in the use of pyrotechnic materials to ensure safety and compliance with applicable regulations.
Temperature-influenced Bulk Emulsion (BE) Demulsification Method as a PIBSA-MEA Emulsifier Durability Test in Blasting Environments under 100 °C Gunaryo; Budiman, Anggito; Widyawati, Ratihlia Dhea; Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia; Gibran, Syahdan Al; Maharani, Anggaria
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.44

Abstract

This research attempts to provide a better method, examine more effective temperatures for testing emulsifiers, and determine the demulsification limit that indicates emulsifier durability. This experiment was conducted by varying the temperature (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C) for heating the product with a test time of 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, then detected using formaldehyde titration to determine the highest level of demulsification of ammonium nitrate (AN) salt at each temperature in the product. The results showed that 100 °C was the most effective and representative temperature for testing the durability of the emulsifier with the highest level of demulsification from the other temperatures. This was indicated by the weight of AN salt that came out of the emulsion reaching 2.05 g from 20 g of emulsion or about 10.25% of the total weight of the product within 6 h. Emulsifiers with AN levels below 2.05 g (10.25%) were considered to pass the test and could be used for further production or analysis. This new test method was expected that bulk emulsion manufacturers would be faster in eliminating PIBSA-base (Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride-base) emulsifier products widely used by emulsifier manufacturers in manufacturing BE. This was due to it only focusing on the ability of emulsifiers to hold the product in high-temperature exposure so that it remained unified and not demulsified.
Reaction Mechanism in Standardized α-Cellulose Content Test: Study from Boehmeria nivea Fiber Rahmawati, Fani; Basuki, Rahmat; Fahri, Mirad; Apriliyanto, Yusuf Bramastya; Kurniadi, Tedi; Nareswari, Vania Agatha; Sandri, Azzahra; Istiqomah, Tiara
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.45

Abstract

In defense industry, α-cellulose is the main component of nitrocellulose propellant. However, a detailed description of the reaction mechanism of each treatment step in SNI 0444-2009 is still very scarce. This study addresses this gap by presenting the reaction mechanisms of each treatment and the symbols used in the SNI 0444-2009 procedure. The separation of lignin from α-cellulose occurred by breaking the C‒O bond linking them. This bond was broken by the ‒OH group of NaOH via a hydrolysis reaction. The reaction was initiated with the elimination of a hydrogen atom from the lignin structure by the hydroxyl ion (‒OH), and the C‒O bond was broken by a hydrolysis reaction. The breaking of this bond was indicated by the disappearance of the IR peaks at wavenumbers 1049 and 1190 cm–1 in the filtrate after extraction. The SNI 0444-2009 method for the α-cellulose content test was carried out by a redox back titration of Cr(VI) with Fe(II) from ferrous ammonium sulfate. This titration was conducted to calculate the amount of Cr(VI) ions in potassium dichromate or Cr(VI) that did not react with lignin or beta cellulose in the filtrate. Understanding the contribution and reaction mechanisms of each compound involved in the SNI 0444-2009 procedure contributed to obtaining accurate data on α-cellulose content. In this study, the calculated α-cellulose content of the flax fiber was 96.75%. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism of the redox reaction was discussed in detail in this paper.
Simple Synthesis of Cellulose Triacetate from HVS Paper Waste and Its Application for Optode Arif, Zulhan; Fendy; Akhmad Aghzath, Ananjaya; Saprudin, Deden; Rohaeti, Eti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i1.46

Abstract

The optode membrane is a membrane that can identify ions in an aqueous solution. One of the most widely used optode membranes is cellulose triacetate based. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) has the characteristics of hydrophobic, transparent, elastic, and affordable. There are sources of cellulose triacetate that can be utilized and waste paper is one of them. Waste paper is extracted to obtain the cellulose, then by acetylization reaction to produce cellulose triacetate. The resultant cellulose triacetate has a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.89 and an acetyl group percentage (% AG) of 43.64. The standard and synthesized CTA optode membrane are tested for performance with various parameters, ie optimum pH, optimum immersion time, working range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The standard CTA optode membranes and synthesized worked at pH 3 and 4 with optimum immersion time for 15 min, respectively. The optode produced a linear response in detecting Cr(VI) ion in the concentration range of 0.02-1 mg/L for standard CTA with an R2 of 0.9726 and 1-25 mg/L for synthesized CTA with an R2 of 0.9764, The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.0015 mg/L and 0.0051 mg/L for standard CTA, while 0.0224 mg/L and 0.0749 mg/L for synthesis CTA respectively. Since both optode membranes' performance test results are adequate, the synthesis results of CTA optode membranes can be employed as one source of cellulose triacetate.
Novel Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) Yellow Choline Chloride and Molecular Docking Soybean Extract (Glycine max) as Diabetes Drugs Candidate Yulion, Rizky; Aliyah, Siti Hamidatul; Perawati, Santi; Andriani, Lili; Eryunita, Putri; Arfiah, Besek; Atmaja, Anggito Surya
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.47

Abstract

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) is an environmentally friendly extraction method to obtain soybean bioactive compounds, focusing on genistein compounds as drug candidates. The use of environmentally friendly extraction solvents could support green extraction to ensure the safety of natural medicinal candidates. HBA (Hydrogen Bonding Acceptor), yellow choline chloride (supplement in animal feed), and HBD (Hydrogen Bonding Donor) lactic acid. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to detect genistein. MoE 2022.02 software was used in the molecular docking simulation, and the docking scoring methods affinity ΔG and GBVI/WSA (induced fit) were used. The PDB ID used was: 5nn8 (alpha glucosidase) and PDB ID: 7vsi (SGLT-2 Inhibitor). The results of genistein were obtained by 92,670 mg (0.9267%) in the 75 0C, 30 min ultrasonic NaDES extraction in HBD lactic acid. Genistein exhibited an affinity for the 5NN8 (alpha-glucosidase) and 7VSI (SGLT-2 Inhibitor) receptors of -6,230 and -8,768, respectively. These affinity values did not exceed the interaction values of the native ligands acarbose (alpha-glucosidase) and Empagliflozin (SGLT-2 Inhibitor), which were -8,988 and -12,302, respectively. Genistein compounds had the lowest RMSD value of 0.819 at 7vsi (SGLT-2 Inhibitor). These results suggested the possibility of a genistein pathway as a candicate diabetes drug. The NaDES extraction method demonstrated great potential for development into a green action that supported the green extraction process, and genistein was an isoflavone compound that could be a candidate for diabetes drugs.
Study of Anaerobic and Aerobic Fertilizers of Organic Waste Treatment Fadela, Dian Mira; Zakaria, Ahmad; Pradipta, Adya Rizky
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.48

Abstract

Phosphorus is a critical nutrient for plant growth, significantly enhancing agricultural productivity and ecosystem sustainability. Organic waste-based fertilizers offer a sustainable solution to boost soil phosphorus levels while addressing waste management challenges. This study evaluated the phosphorus content of anaerobic and aerobic fertilizers derived from organic waste, focusing on factors that influence phosphorus dynamics during composting. Composting methods and feedstock composition affected phosphorus transformation and availability, with temperature, moisture, aeration, and microbial activity playing pivotal roles in mineralization, immobilization, and solubilization. The experiment used market waste, pineapple peel, dry leaves, sawdust, water, sugar, manure, and EM4. The composting process involved weekly monitoring of pH, temperature, and compost height. The results showed that the pH of the anaerobic compost ranged from 7.2 to 7.4, meeting the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard. The mature compost color was brownish-black, which also complied with the standard. Phosphorus contents as P2O5 were 1712 mg/kg in aerobic fertilizer and 2653 mg/kg in anaerobic fertilizer. Phosphorus is crucial for root development, water, and nutrient absorption, and enhances plant tolerance to drought. It also affects flower and fruit formation, affecting crop yield quality and quantity. This study highlighted the importance of understanding phosphorus dynamics to optimize nutrient management and improve organic waste utilization in agriculture. Future research should explore the phosphorus transformation mechanisms and innovative composting techniques to enhance phosphorus availability for plant uptake
Exploring the Potential of Carbon-based Radar Absorbing Material Innovations Fahri, Mirad; Bolilanga, Patricya Inggrid Wilhelmina; Gunaryo, Gunaryo; Stiawan, Elva; Kurniadi, Tedi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.56

Abstract

This review explored the potential of carbon-based radar-absorbing materials (RAM), which had gained significant attention due to their superior properties and performance. In response to the growing demand for stealth technology in the military and civilian sectors, traditional radar-absorbing materials encountered limitations: weight, cost, and effectiveness. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and various composites, offered lightweight, flexible, and tunable solutions that enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption across a wide frequency range. This paper examined the underlying mechanisms of radar wave absorption in carbon-based materials, highlighting their advantages over conventional options. In addition, recent advancements in fabrication techniques, including 3D printing and hybrid composite development, were also discussed, emphasizing their role in optimizing performance and sustainability. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the carbon-based RAM potential in advancing the future of stealth technology. Ultimately, this study presented insights that contribute to the continuing investigation in advanced materials science, suggesting a potential way to develop materials that can enhance radar absorption capabilities and extend their applications in modern technology.

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