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Rahmat Basuki
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.)
Published by Indonesian Scholar Society
ISSN : 2830778X     EISSN : 28307658     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55749/ijcs.v1i1
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (IJCS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of basic and applied chemistry. IJCS was managed & published by the Indonesian Scholar Society. This journal is published 2 times a year, namely every June and December. IJCS covers the following topics, but is not limited to: Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Analytical and Electroanalytical Chemistry; Materials and Polymer Chemistry; Supramolecular Chemistry; Organometallic Chemistry; Coordination Chemistry; Biomolecular Chemistry; Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Environmental Chemistry; Propellant Chemistry; and Chemistry for Defense.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Inorganic Chemistry
Articles 46 Documents
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Comparative Analysis of FABA Waste Composition in Various Coal-Fired Power Plant Industries in Several Countries and Indonesia: A Review Putra, M. Sulthon Nurharmansyah; Prasojo, Agus Eko; Budiman, Anggito; Anty, Mentari Zikri; Hasnowo, Lutfi Aditya
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.58

Abstract

Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) is the waste from burning coal in coal-fired power plants and consists of chemical compounds, such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and CaO. This waste poses an environmental challenge and an opportunity for the construction industry. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the composition of FABA from several coal-fired power plants in Indonesia and other countries, such as Thailand, China, Malaysia, France, Italy, and Portugal. In particular, this study assessed the XRF data from several other references. The XRF test data showed significant variations in the FABA content, influenced by coal type, combustion method, and emission management technology. The high SiO₂ content in the Cirebon and Teluk Sirih coal-fired power plants showed potential for pozzolanic applications. Meanwhile, the high Fe₂O₃ in Tanjung Enim and Sudimoro had the potential for metallurgical applications. In addition, the high CaO content of Teluk Sirih allowed its use in lime production and soil stabilization. However, high levels of SO₃, especially in Cirebon, required more attention in processing because of its impact on concrete quality and environmental pollution. With proper processing, FABA could be a valuable resource in various industries, reducing reliance on natural raw materials. This study highlighted the potential for the sustainable use of FABA and proposed management measures to address environmental challenges. The optimal use of FABA reduced negative environmental impacts and opened up significant economic opportunities, supporting the circular economy in the energy and construction sectors.
Yellow-Flare Performance Improvement of PVC Addition into Mg-Sodium Nitrate-Based Pyrotechics Gunaryo, Gunaryo; Maharani, Anggaria; Budiman, Anggito; Widyatama, Satria Aqilla; Pratita, Elda; Miwazuki, Shella Athaya
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.60

Abstract

Light pyrotechnics is one strategic defence equipment for civil and military purposes. Additives act as one of the factors that affect the flame in pyrotechnics. Additives were used to slow down the combustion rate so that the flare could burn for a long time without drastically reducing the flame performance of the flare. This study focused on the performance of pyrotechnic flames with variations of PVC as a density-increasing material because it was in the form of a polymer and had high-chlorine content, resulting in a mixture that is difficult to burn. The experiment results exhibited that pyrotechnics without PVC showed intensity with an emission spectrum of 577-585 nm, light intensity of 723-1184 lux, and burning rate of 3.22-3.31 g/s. Increasing the PVC additive composition to 1.5 gr showed emissions with a wavelength of 596-597 nm, decreased intensity from 91-183 lux, and a slower burning rate of 0.72-0.88 g/s. The use of PVC was effectively applied in the 1.76-10.21% fraction and was actively able to slow down the rate of combustion of pyrotechnic mixtures. Hence, PVC could slow down the burning rate and increase density. Adding PVC in yellow pyrotechnics would slow down the burning rate of the pyrotechnic sample with the side effect of reducing the brightness of the yellow color and the intensity of the light.
Development of Adhesive Materials from Polystyrene Foam Waste Mualim, Ahmad Dzaky; Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang; Sabarno, Abiyyu Adistya Wahid; Khoirurrizal, Muhammad Fadhil; Alfiani, Putri; Maryam, Saffana; Putri, Yasinta Rahmatul
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.62

Abstract

Polystyrene is a type of plastic that is difficult to decompose naturally, leading to waste that contributes to environmental pollution. This study developed adhesive materials based on polystyrene waste to reduce environmental impacts while addressing the need for eco-friendly adhesives. The adhesives were prepared by dissolving polystyrene foam waste in gasoline and acetone with various compositions. The solvents with a composition ratio of gasoline and acetone of 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; and 50:50 were coded as A, B, C, D, E, and F. Tests were carried out to determine the solubility of polystyrene foam in various solvent compositions and the mechanical properties of samples, including shear force, shear strength, and strain (elongation). Paper, cardboard, and wood were used as gluing materials. The adhesive strength was also compared with that of commercial adhesives. The adhesive samples were then characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The shear strength results obtained for samples code A, B, C, D, E, and F were 119.95 kPa, 103.68 kPa, 96.64 kPa, 124.56 kPa, 150.08 kPa, and 157.80 kPa, respectively. The findings showed that the adhesive sample coded F synthesized using a solvent composition of 50: 50 gasoline: acetone exhibited superior adhesive ability than other variations. This sample can potentially serve as a substitute for commercial adhesives that are suitable for bonding various materials.
Carbon Paste Electrode Modified Zeolite-Iron as a Chromium(VI) Detection Medium Arif, Zulhan; Agustina, Rofiqoh Inayati; Rahmawati, Heni; Aini, Nazwa Aisyah; Rohaeti, Eti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v3i2.64

Abstract

Chromium exists in two dominant species in nature, Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Both are stable; however, Cr(VI) exhibits significantly higher toxicity than Cr(III). Existing measurement methods could not differentiate between these two chromium species. Therefore, a more sensitive and selective measurement method was required for their speciation, particularly for Cr(VI) detection. In this study, a carbon paste electrode modified with zeolite and iron was developed for Cr(VI) measurement using the voltammetry method. The electrode was prepared by mixing graphite, iron-modified zeolite, and liquid paraffin. Measurements were conducted using cyclic voltammetry within a potential range of -1.2 V to 1.2 V. A 0.05 M KCl solution was used as the electrolyte. Electrode characterization was carried out concerning three parameters: the effect of analyte pH, preconcentration time, and the composition of iron-modified zeolite. The optimum Cr(VI) measurement was achieved in a 50 μM Cr(VI) solution at pH 3 using a carbon paste electrode with 20% iron-modified zeolite and a preconcentration time of 25 min. Under these optimal conditions, a cathodic peak current of 5.22 μA was obtained.
Reflection Loss Improvement by Cerium Addition in Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Film as Stealth Drone Candidate Putri, Riyanti; Prasojo, Agus Eko; Lazuardy, Ardyan; Anitasari, Reza; Salsabila, Fidela Aurellia; Sasongko, Nugroho Adi; Apriliyanto, Yusuf Bramastya; Hasibuan, Anggi Khairina Hanum; Ananda, Dea Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.53

Abstract

Radar is a detection and tracking technology commonly applied to monitor environmental conditions. Its ever-growing capabilities pose a serious challenge to military operations because they increase the risk of being detected by the enemy. On the other hand, unmanned aircraft (drones) are increasingly widespread in gathering information. However, the effectiveness of this technology can be reduced due to exposure to radar waves that allow detection. Therefore, developing coating materials that can absorb radar waves is an urgent need to increase the effectiveness of military equipment. The composites developed were derived from chitosan obtained from crustacean waste, hydroxyapatite from eggshell waste, and the rare earth metal cerium obtained from Lapindo Mud. Composites containing cerium metal (Ce) have higher radar signal absorption capabilities than samples without Ce, as evidenced by VNA measurements showing increased absorbance in the 100 MHz - 8.5 GHz frequency range. SEM tests indicate that cerium particles increase the density and homogeneity of the pore structure, with a size range of 17–24 µm. FTIR characterization revealed that Ce was physically bound to the chitosan-HAp composite. Mechanically, the composite with Ce had a maximum tensile stress of 9.512 MPa and a strain of 9.512%, while without the addition of Ce, a stress of 9.529 MPa and a strain of 25.512% was obtained. These findings indicate that integrating rare earth metals in chitosan-HAp composites can improve the material's capability to absorb radar waves, thus having broad prospects for applications in defence technology.
Formulation of Digested Beverage Cans and Iron Plate Wastes as a Coagulant for Adequate Hygiene of Fresh River Water Gita, Mutiara; Stiawan, Elva; Renta, Hotma; Kuntjahjono, Mayang Fauziah Putri; Lestari, Aura Puja
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.57

Abstract

In terms of hygiene and sanitation, ensuring the availability of qualified water for those purposes remains challenging to perform under certain conditions. Accordingly, efforts to provide simple water processing technology are ongoing and innovatively developed. This study displayed an innovative approach to producing coagulants for water processing by utilizing metal salts obtained synthetically from used beverage cans and iron plates through the electrolysis principle and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - The Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), subsequently. After mixing with calcium hypochlorite and adding to water sample, subsequently, the coagulant showed the ability to reduce the turbidity level and several categories of impurities, i.e., nitrate, nitrite, dissolved Manganese, Cr6+ ion, and microbial levels. Future research and development in formulating coagulants derived from digested beverage cans and iron plate wastes hold significant potential to advance sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies, ensuring improved hygienic quality of fresh river water while contributing to waste valorization and environmental protection.
The Potency of Photocatalytic Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment: A Brief Review Hastuti, Lathifah Puji
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.63

Abstract

Membrane bioreactors (MBR) are a promising method for wastewater treatment that combines microbial degradation with membrane separation. MBRs offer efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment by combining biological processes with membrane filtration, providing high-quality effluents for reuse. The advantages of MBRs, such as their compact design, reduced sludge production, and water recycling potential, make them increasingly significant in addressing global water scarcity and pollution challenges. Nevertheless, the issue of biofouling persists as a notable obstacle, primarily caused by the interplay of bacteria, membrane surfaces, and the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Integrating photocatalysts into MBR membranes offers a new method to reduce fouling. This study provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the membrane modification using photocatalysts in MBR systems, focusing on the existing challenges and prospects in this field. Despite these potential advantages, research on improving MBR membrane performance through photocatalysis is sparse. To ensure the sustainability of this technology, it is essential to consider important factors, such as reactor configuration, kinetics, fouling processes, economic feasibility, and scaling issues
Formulation and Characterization of Herbal Solid Soap Enriched with Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) and Aloe vera Peel Extracts Narsih; Indrastuti, Y. Erning; Gunawan, Desdy Hendra; Saniah; Pratama, Borneo Satria
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.66

Abstract

This study aims to develop a solid soap formulation using natural ingredients by combining cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) extract and Aloe vera peel extract, which are known for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. The research involved several stages, including the extraction of cinnamon and Aloe vera, soap formulation with varying cinnamon and Aloe vera extract concentrations, and testing of physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The formulated soaps were evaluated for moisture content, free alkali levels, pH, foam stability, antibacterial inhibition zones, and skin irritation. The results showed that increasing the concentrations of cinnamon and Aloe vera peel extracts significantly affected the soap’s characteristics. The optimal formulation was obtained with 15% cinnamon extract and 6% Aloe vera peel extract (A3B3), yielding a moisture content of 2.44%, free alkali content of 1.70%, pH of 11.8, and an antibacterial inhibition zone of 1.28 mm, without any skin irritation. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as aldehydes, alkanes, aromatics, and hydroxyls, which were associated with the bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial and moisturizing effects. The presence of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon and saponins in Aloe vera contributed to the soap’s enhanced antimicrobial and skin-conditioning properties. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified key functional groups responsible for the soap’s bioactivity. These findings suggest that incorporating herbal extracts into soap formulations can improve their functional benefits, making them a promising alternative for natural skincare products with antibacterial protection and skin health benefits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites via Planetary Ball Milling for Military Radar Absorbing Materials Amalia, Gita Resty; Hardiansyah, Andri; Rasendriya, Anselmo Bima; Rahmadtullah, Ismail; Setiono, Andi; Murniati, Riri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.67

Abstract

Stealth technology is widely used in the military field to avoid enemy detection. Consequently, there has been a significant surge in research related to radar-absorbing materials (RAMs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are promising materials for developing RAMs. Combining TiO2 as a semiconductor with GNPs as a conductive material could increase the ability to absorb microwaves through a more effective energy dissipation mechanism. In our study, TiO2 and GNPs were fabricated using the planetary ball milling method. The structure and morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FE-SEM EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FE-SEM observations showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were attached to the surface of layered GNPs. XRD analysis showed a decrease in the peak intensity of the TiO2/GNP nanocomposites compared to pure TiO2 due to the addition of carbon elements. The performance of RAMs was evaluated using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) in the X-band (8-12 GHz) range with a 3-mm thickness. The VNA analysis indicated that the TiO2/GNP nanocomposites exhibited the optimal reflection loss (RL) of -30.72 dB at a frequency of 8.42 GHz, accompanied by a through power of 99.91%. Consequently, TiO2/GNP nanocomposites demonstrated promising potential as a military RAM.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Nanoplatelets/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites as a Military Radar Absorbing Material Rasendriya, Anselmo Bima; Hardiansyah, Andri; Amalia, Gita Resty; Rahmadtullah, Ismail; Setiono, Andi; Piliang, M. Zuhnir; Renta, Hotma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud., June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i1.69

Abstract

Stealth aircraft have the capability to intercept radar waves. One common technique involves the use of radar-absorbing materials (RAMs). This study focused on the synthesis of advanced lightweight functional materials derived from advanced carbon and semiconductor compounds for microwave absorbing through mechanical homogenization. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) possess excellent dielectric and magnetic loss capability due to their thermal conductivity, small particle size, large surface area, disordered structure, and lightweight nature. The GNP and ZnO were developed as advanced carbon and semiconductor nanocomposites using Planetary Ball Milling (PBM) at a ratio of 1:1. This approach aimed to improve the structure, morphology, and electromagnetic performance of the materials. A comparison between the nanocomposite materials and their precursors was conducted to clarify the advantages of using nanocomposites. FE-SEM showed the layered carbon sheets in GNP. XRD exhibited the alteration in the crystallite structure of ZnO, while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of specific functional groups. In addition, the GNP/ZnO nanocomposites showed strong microwave polarization capabilities. Notably, the GNP/ZnO nanocomposite achieved the lowest RL value compared to the precursor materials with a value of -28.21 dB at 8.45 GHz and a thickness of 3 mm in the scope of X-band range. While the through power was calculated at 99.84%. Through mechanical homogenization, a well-structured disordered crystallite layered material was fabricated for military RAMs. In the industrial sector, GNP/ZnO nanocomposites showed promising potential as a lightweight and advanced functional material for future stealth aircraft applications.

Page 4 of 5 | Total Record : 46

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