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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Self-Efficacy of nurses in COVID-19 isolation room of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar: A mixed-method study Pande, Rai Dewi Damayanthi; Lubis, Dinar Saurmauli; Lesmana, Cokorda Bagus Jaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: Nurses' self-efficacy during the pandemic is different from their self-efficacy before the pandemic. Managing self-efficacy is one way to support nurses' mental well-being and resilience. This study aims to describe and determine factors related to nurses' self-efficacy in the COVID-19 Isolation Room of Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali Province. Methods: This is a mixed-methods study with a sequential explanatory design. In the first stage, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a questionnaire in 132 nurses selected with total sampling. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-Square Test and Fisher's Exact Test at a 95% confidence level, to identify a relationship between nurses’ characteristics and sources of self-efficacy with their self-efficacy levels. Subsequently, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 informants selected by purposive sampling. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: In the quantitative study, it was found that there was no relationship between the characteristics of nurses (age, gender, education level, years of service and training) and the level of self-efficacy (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the sources of efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, physiological and emotional conditions) were found significantly associated with the level of self-efficacy (p<0.05). The qualitative study found that matters in line with these results, and other variables related to self-efficacy were personal, organizational, and external variables. Conclusion: Sources of self-efficacy that nurses can utilize, as well as opportunities and support provided by nurse leaders, developed self-efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to increase the significance of sources of self-efficacy, personal variables, and organizational support to increase self-efficacy.
No correlation between picky eating and nutritional status of toddlers aged 24-59 months in Denpasar City, Bali Province Pratiwi, Rinda Dian; Sutiari, Ni Ketut; Utami, Ni Wayan Arya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p03

Abstract

Background and purpose: Picky eating behaviour in toddlers may lead to a lack of nutritional intake and affect their nutritional status. This study aims to determine the correlation of picky eating with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 24-59 months in Denpasar City. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 100 toddlers and mothers in Denpasar City in 2020. The variables collected were mother's education, occupation, family income, children’s age, gender, history of infectious diseases, eating behaviour, and nutritional status. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire for socio-demographic characteristics and the Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Bodyweight and height were measured using Camry and Microtoise digital scales. The data were analyzed including descriptive analysis and chi-square test, Results: We found almost two third (63%) of the toddlers had picky eating behaviour. Most toddlers had normal nutritional status (87%), while 9% of them were stunted. Most toddlers had a poor appetite (85%) and left food on their plates after eating (54%). The majority do not want to taste food that was never introduced (66%) and refuse the main meal after eating snacks (68%). We found no significant association between eating behaviours and nutritional status of the toddlers. Conclusion: There was no correlation between picky eating behaviour and the nutritional status of toddlers. Picky eaters do not refuse food consistently, hence it can balance the nutritional needs. Therefore, providing information and practice regarding nutritious food is still important, as well as regular monitoring of children’s nutritional status.  
Mothers’ acceptance towards Breastfeeding Support Group Program in Badung District, Bali Siwi, Luh Putu Anggyani Raka; Aryani, Putu; Utami, Ni Wayan Arya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Badung District is lower than the Bali Provincial and national level. Breastfeeding Support Groups (BSG) have been proven effective to overcome breastfeeding barriers in several developing countries. This study aims to explore the acceptance of breastfeeding mothers toward the BSG Program in Badung District, Bali Province. Methods: A qualitative study with an exploratory approach was conducted in Kekeran and Punggul Villages, two villages where BSG was first implemented in Badung District. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen breastfeeding mothers as the key informants and supporting informants, including two village officials, two village midwives and two cadres. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, analysed thematically, and presented in a narrative form. Results: Breastfeeding mothers in Kekeran and Punggul Villages showed positive attitudes and thoughts by stating that BSG is essential. The acceptance was shown by their willingness to attend and participate fully and enthusiastically. Mother's good knowledge about BSG and the success of exclusive breastfeeding led to high motivation to participate in the program. Other supportive factors were positive experiences, mainly the direct practice of breastfeeding, and support from in-laws, husbands, midwives, and village officials, while the inhibitory factors were myths and social sanction. Conclusion: BSG was well accepted by mothers with good knowledge and perception, positive experiences, high motivation, and positive social supports as supporting factors. It is recommended to develop activities according to mothers' needs adopted to local culture and customs, as well as to involve multi-stakeholders.
Availability of information and standard operating procedures affects the implementation of cigarette billboard regulation in Jember, East Java, Indonesia Saiful, Brima Sahwa Sukma; Sandra, Christyana; Rokhmah, Dewi; Rochmawati, Ajeng Humami; Hidayah, Barika Isti’anatil
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p05

Abstract

Background and purpose: Jember District has adopted a tobacco control policy, Jember Regent Regulation No. 27 Year 2013 that includes provision on regulating tobacco advertisement. This study aims to evaluate the policy implementation based on the availability of information and standard operational procedures (SOPs). Methods: This was a qualitative case study which was conducted in Jember District in 2020. Eleven informants were interviewed, consisted of policy actors, billboard building owner, tobacco factory, and student group for tobacco control. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The data was then analysed thematically. Results: Information related to the policy was well comprehended by the implementers, but not by the community. The information is usually conveyed in conjunction with the coordination process between agencies, which is during field assessment. The observation for monitoring and evaluation in 2020 showed that there were tobacco billboards placed around the health facilities and government agencies, and one of them did not include the “18+” information. The SOP for this policy is the same as the standards for billboard installation permits in general. The barriers to this policy implementation were in regard to clarity of the main duties and functions of each implementer, especially when there was a violation, since it yet been outlined in the current SOP. Conclusion: Implementation of the regulation yet optimal from the availability of information and SOPs aspects. Policy dissemination as well as improvement on the SOP is needed to improve coordination process, monitoring, and evaluation.
Exercise behaviour and the determinant factors among medical students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Griadhi, Adiartha; Sundari, Luh Putu Ratna; Sutarsa, I Nyoman
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p06

Abstract

Background and purpose: Students’ physical activity levels decreased significantly after college enrollment. Disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic also affects the students’ exercise level. The psychological aspect and the academic situation of medical students could interact with pandemic disruption differently compared to other students. This study compares exercise behaviour and its determinant factors among medical students before and during the pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted by collecting data in August 2021 and then comparing it to our data collected in July 2011. Participants were determined by a proportional random sampling based on gender and education year. There were 127 and 205 research participants in 2011 and 2021. The exercise behaviour and determinant factors were based on the Transtheory Model of behavioural change and grouped into five stages of exercise levels and four categories of factors. The data were analyzed descriptively and comparison tested for the two years. Results: This study showed a significant increase in exercise behaviour among medical students during the pandemic (p<0.05). The number of students in the pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages has decreased, and those in action and maintenance stages doubled compared to the pre-pandemic period. The change in exercise behaviour showed that changes only occurred in female and clinical-year students (p<0.05). There was no significant change in male and pre-clinical medical students. Predisposing, enabling, and maintenance factors are determinants of exercise behaviour that increased significantly during the pandemic (p<0.05), and personal factors did not increase significantly. Conclusion: Female and clinical-year medical students’ exercise activity increased significantly during the pandemic. Predisposing, enabling, and maintenance factors also increased substantially during the pandemic, while personal factors did not change significantly. Gender-related psychological and behavioural reactions to COVID-19 pandemic disruption explain these results.
Descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 in Palembang, Indonesia Najmah; Setiawan, Yudhi; Yeni; Nurhaliza, Marisa; Azzahra, Hafiza; Yunara, Yulia; Rosyada, Amrina; Fauzia; Fenty Aprina; Misnaniarti
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p07

Abstract

Background and purpose: Indonesia ranks the first highest mortality rate of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia with an average case fatality rate (CFR) of 2.7%. South Sumatra is ranked 14th out of 34 provinces in Indonesia, with a CFR value related to COVID-19 reaching 5.1%, per June 21, 2021. This study aims to determine the descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 in Palembang City. Methods: This research used a descriptive epidemiology approach and spatial analysis with the geographic information system. Then the secondary data were collected from the Palembang City Surveillance Report from March 2020 to February 2021 with a total of 7,423 cases, as well as geographic data on the coordinates of health services for all hospitals and public health centers (PHCs) in Palembang City. Results: The data shows that the age group of 25 to 39 years old dominated the COVID-19 cases. The morbidity and mortality rates in men was higher than women, and much higher at the age of above 60 years old. The most dominant symptom in the deceased COVID-19 patients was shortness of breath and the comorbid history increased the risk of death for patients with COVID-19. The highest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was found in the sub-district with the highest population, including the PHC of Padang Selasa, Ilir Barat I (393 patients), while the lowest number of cases was reported in Karyajaya PHC, Kertapati (7 patients). Conclusion:This study highlights the need in preventing mature deaths of COVID-19 patients by prioritizing elderlies who suffered from comorbidities at the family level and health services to support the government programs.
Association between Body Mass Index and Vitamin D Serum in Asian Population: A Systematic Review Suhartono, Janice; Astiarani, Yunisa; Regina
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i1.p08

Abstract

than other populations with the same body mass index (BMI). Fat accumulation is suspected of mediating the rise and fall of Vitamin D levels linked to BMI. However, the results of studies assessing the association between BMI and Vitamin D serum in Asian population still varied. This study is conducted to determine the association between BMI and vitamin D serum in the Asian population. Methods: This study was conducted with a systematic review method to identify scientific articles reporting the association between BMI and Vitamin D serum in the Asian population. The data collected for this systematic review were from 5,477 studies filtered with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in eleven studies presenting 7,496 respondents. Results: Nine studies concluded an association between increasing BMI from the normal range and decreasing Vitamin D serum (p<0,05). One study has concluded an association between decreasing BMI from the normal range and decreasing Vitamin D serum (p<0,05). Another has concluded there is no association between BMI and Vitamin D serum (p>0,05). Conclusion:This systematic review study concludes an association between increasing and decreasing BMI with decreasing Vitamin D serum in the Asian population. Further study using clinical trial in obese people and control to compare the metabolism of Vitamin D should be conducted.
Meningkatkan Daya Saing Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Era Masyarakat ASEAN Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p01

Abstract

Selain regulasi dan kebijakan yang telah dikembangkan oleh pemerintah pusat, peran pemerintah provinsi/kab/kota dan lembaga pendidikan juga amat penting untuk meningkatkan daya saing tenaga kesehatan. Pertama, mengembangkan sistem pemantauan (surveilans) tenaga kerja asing di wilayahnya masing-masing, bekerja sama dengan instansi terkait terutama pihak imigrasi. Walaupun telah ada Undang-undang Tentang Pendayagunaan Tenaga Kesehatan Warga Negara Asing di Indonesia, kemungkinan masuknya tenaga kesehatan asing secara ilegal masih amat memungkinkan. Kedua, pemerintah provinsi/kab/kota terutama dinas kesehatan bekerja sama dengan instansi terkait, juga perlu memantau dengan ketat standar mutu lulusan lembaga pendidikan kesehatan di daerahnya masing-masing agar sesuai dengan standar kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini sesuai dengan tanggung jawab dan kewenangan pemerintah provinsi/kab/kota yang diatur dalam Pasal 6 dan 7 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2014.5 Ketiga, untuk meningkatkan kesempatan tenaga kesehatan bekerja di luar negeri, pemerintah daerah, terutama dinas tenaga kerja perlu menjalin hubungan dengan para konsulat negara sahabat yang ada di daerahnya masing-masing dan dengan Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS). Hal ini sejalan dengan Rencana Pengembangan Tenaga Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2011-2025.8 Keempat, pemerintah provinsi/kab/kota terutama dinas kesehatan perlu menjalin hubungan dan melakukan sosialisasi dengan lembaga pendidikan kesehatan di wilayahnya masing-masing tentang standar dan kualifikasi tenaga kesehatan di negara-negara ASEAN. Hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan ASEAN MRA on Nursing Services yaitu tentang butir exchange information and expertise on standards and qualifications. Kelima, pemerintah provinsi/kab/kota serta semua lembaga pendidikan bidang kesehatan perlu menjalin hubungan dengan negara-negara ASEAN dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan dimana hal ini sejalan dengan tujuan ASEAN MRA yaitu tentang tujuan provide opportunities for capacity building and training of nurses. Keenam, semua lembaga pendidikan bidang kesehatan harus meningkatkan kompetensi dan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris atau bahasa asing lainnya bagi para mahasiswanya.
Iron Folate Consumption, Energy and Iron Adequacy Level Associated with Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women in Jember Wahyu Setyaningsih; Luh Seri Ani; Ni Wayan Arya Utami
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: Anaemia among pregnant women is still being a public health problem in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine association between iron folate consumption, energy and iron adequacy level with prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in eight community health centers in Jember, East Java with 128 pregnant women selected using stratified random sampling from pregnant women’s cohort in each primary health center. Data were collected from interviews using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, chronic energy deficiency status by measuring the middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), and data of haemoglobin levels with Easy Touch GCHb (Bioptic Technology Inc., China). Data were analysed bivariate by chi-square and multivariate by logistic regression. Results: This study found that the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Jember was 60.16% (95%CI: 51.76-68.56). Multivariate analysis resulted that variables which significantly reduce risk of anaemia among pregnant women were: household income (adjusted OR=0.09; 95%CI: 0.03-0.51), iron folate consumption (adjusted OR=0.16; 95%CI: 0.04-0.69), adequacy of energy (adjusted OR=0.06; 95%CI: 0.01-0.33), and iron adequacy level (adjusted OR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.01-0.90). Conclusion: Household income, intake food with high energy and iron, and also iron folate consumption significantly reduced the risk of anaemia among pregnant women.
Household Smoke Exposure as Risk Factor of Low Birth Weight among Infants in Gianyar Kadek Susiana Dwi Lestari; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p03

Abstract

Background and purpose: The Bali Provincial Health Department reported that in 2013, 24 per 1000 live births were underweight, with the regency of Gianyar ranked 4th the highest (31 per 1000 births). Data from Riskesdas 2010 indicated that 31.0% of individuals 15 years and over smoked, 68.1% of them reported smoking in the household. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between household smoke exposure, pregnant women and low birth weight (LBW) in Gianyar. Methods: This study was a case control where low birth weight as a case and birth with normal weight as a control. Study sample was 116, consisting of 58 cases and 58 controls. Dependent variables were low birth weight, independent variables were smoke exposure. Data was obtained by interviewing the mothers, and secondary data was collected from community health centre records. Data was analysed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate analysis indicated that OR of 6.370 (95%CI: 2.836- 14.309) for exposure to husbands smoke and an OR of household smoke exposure was 6.577 (95%CI: 2.894-14.948). Multivariate analysis indicated that adjusted OR of exposure to husbands smoke was 7.479 (95%CI: 2.058-27.175), adjusted OR exposure to household smoke was 9.002 (95%CI: 9.002-33.286), and adjusted OR combined exposure to smoke from both husband and household members was 9.333 (95%CI: 3.417-26.201). Conclusion: Household smoke exposure significantly increased risk of low birth weight among infants in the regency of Gianyar.

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