Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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<![CDATA[Eksipien Koproses Pregelatinisasi Pati Singkong Metilselulosa sebagai Bahan Penyalut Tablet ]]>
<![CDATA[Pradana, Rangga]]>;
<![CDATA[Anwar, Effionora]]>;
<![CDATA[Chaidir, Chaidir]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Coating is one of the effective methods used in controlled release dosage form. Lots of variety in the form of a hydrophilic polymer excipient that is used to control the drug release many polymers that can be used for coating purposes, but only a few have been known to serve as a polymeric coating which functions to control the rate of drug release Pregelatinized cassava starch (PCS) is a physically modified starch. The purposes of the study were to improve functionality of PCS with making coprocess composed of PCS and methylcellulose (MC) by proportionally variation, which are 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1, as well as to applied co-processed excipient that could retard the drug release as coating material of theophylline tablet. Coprocessed excipient characterized in terms of morphology, particle size distribution, compressibility index, flow rate and angle of repose, thermal analysis, hygroscopicity, gel strength, swelling test, and moiety analysis.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Formalin dalam Sampel Ikan dan Udang Segar dari Pasar Muara Angke ]]>
<![CDATA[Suryadi, Herman]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniadi, Maryati]]>;
<![CDATA[Melanie, Yuanki]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The use of formalin as a food additive has been prohibited by the ministry of health as stipulated in The Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulations No.722/Menkes/Per/IV/88. However, in recent years the Indonesian authorities have found trace amounts of formalin as a preservative in perishable foods such as fish and shrimp. The aim of this research is to identify the use of formalin in fresh fish and shrimp samples sold in Muara Angke Market as the fresh seafood market in Jakarta. The first step of this research was formalin identification in fish and shrimp samples and continued by quantitative analysis to assure the results obtained. Qualitative determination of formalin was carried out by Schryver reagent and the quantitative determination was carried out pectrophotometrically using Nash reagent. Validation of UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for determination of formalin showed that Nash reagent was suitable to determine formalin. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation for formalin were 0,0102 mg/L, 0,0341 mg/L, and 0,09%, respectively. Recovery of formalin in fish samples was 89,79-109,58% and shrimp samples was 82,11-97,76%. Qualitative determination in six fish samples and six shrimp samples showed negative results and the quantitative analysis confirmed that formalin was not found in the fresh fish and shrimp samples from Muara Angke Market.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Asam Valproat dalam Plasma Secara Kromatografi Gas ]]>
<![CDATA[Susanti, Ani]]>;
<![CDATA[Harahap, Yahdiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Harmita, Harmita]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant drug that works by increasing the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Determination of valproic acid is quite difficult because it has no chromophore groups in its structure. Aa analytical method using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector for the determination of valproic acid in human plasma has been developed and optimized. Valproic acid was extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction method using diethyl ether. The optimum analysis conditions for valproic acid in plasma were achieved by regulated gas chromatography injector and detector at a temperature of 250oC and temperature programming with an initial temperature of 70oC and 5oC temperature increasing per minute until a temperature of 100oC, then held for 1 minute. Then the temperature was increased by 2°C per minute until the column temperature to 150oC. The optimum conditions of analysis took 32 minutes. In the concentration range from 40.0 to 100.0 µg/mL yielded a linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9894. Accuracy (% diff) of this method was -13.67% to 12.33% with precision (CV) between 9.33% to 14.92%, and relative recovery test was 86.33% to 112.33%.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Kandungan Ion Flourida pada Sampel Air Tanah dan Air PAM Secara Spektrofotometri ]]>
<![CDATA[Astriningrum, Yodifta]]>;
<![CDATA[Suryadi, Herman]]>;
<![CDATA[Azizahwati, Azizahwati]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Fluoride ion is one of the compounds that are known to have benefits in the prevention of dental caries when used in certain concentrations, but also hasnegative effects that may cause the occurrence of dental and bone fluorosis when the intake was in excessive concentration. One of the fluoride intakes comes fromwater that is consumed. The aim of this research was to identify and measurefluoride ion levels in groundwater and piped water that used as drinking water consumption in the community. Measurement of fluoride ion concentration isdone by using visible spectrophotometry at the maximum wavelength of 586 nmusing the sodium 2-parasulfophenylazo 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene-3,6disulfonate (SPADNS)-zirconil acid reagent. This method was optimized by thesearch of range of absorption which stable for 10 minutes after reagent addition.The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and coefficient of variation forfluoride ion were 0.0452 mg/L, 0.1506 mg/L, and 0,63%, respectively. While therecovery of fluoride ion in sample were in the range of 90,50-102,04%. The measurement results of the samples showed levels of fluoride ions in groundwaterand piped water varied between 0.05 to 0.78 mg/L. This range was still within allowed levels according the rules of Indonesian health ministers No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 where the maximum allowable fluoride concentration is 1.5 mg/L.]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh Kombinasi Hidroksipropil Metilselulosa-Xanthan Gum sebagai Matriks Pada Profil Pelepasan Tablet Teofilin Lepas Terkendali ]]>
<![CDATA[Iskandarsyah, Iskandarsyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutriyo, Sutriyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Hayati, Dian]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Theophylline is a bronchodilator used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and other respiratory diseases. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index (10-20 µg/ml) and relatively short elimination half-life (6,19 ± 0,031 hours). Causes rapid elimination rate of theophylline should be given periodically to maintain drug levels in blood for the desired therapeutic effect can be achieved. The preparation of theophylline controlled release is expected to produce blood concentrations of theophylline in a more stable. The physical properties of tablets and drug release from matrix systems are influenced by the nature of the composition of the matrix. This research, theophylline controlled release tablets were made by combination of xanthan gum and HPMC as matrix composition. Combination of HPMC and xanthan gum was supposed to produce tablets with the required pysical properties and ability to extend the releasing period of theophylline from matrix system. HPMC-xanthan gum compositions used in formulation were 1:4, 1:1, and 4:1. Based on the evaluation of the physical properties carried out on the tablet, it was found out that the three formulas fit the requirements for ideal tablet. The increasing of xanthan gum concentration in the formula was proportional with the improvement of mass flowability and tablet hardness. Evaluation of the releasing profile of theophylline from matrix system had been conducted in vitro by dissolution test. Based on the test, it was found out that all combinations have variation in releasing profile. The increasing of HPMC concentration in formula will extend the releasing time of theophylline. The difference in releasing profile of Retaphyl SR® with formula 1, 2, and 3 because of differences in raw materials that form the matrix.]]>
<![CDATA[Pembuatan Matriks dari Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan Pektin untuk Sediaan Tablet Mengapung ]]>
<![CDATA[Sagita, Erny]]>;
<![CDATA[Anwar, Effionora]]>;
<![CDATA[Surini, Silvia]]>
<![CDATA[ Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer. That cationic property makes chitosan can form polyelectrolite complex (PEC) with anionic polymer. In this research, pectin was used as anionic polymer that interact ionically with chitosan. The aim of this research is to produce and characterize chitosan-pectin PEC that would be used as matrix in floating tablet. The solutions of chitosan and pectin 0,3% w/v were mixed in ratio 1:9, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3 and 9:1 with pH of the solution 4,5 and 5,0. The best condition to produce PEC was in pH 5,0 with ratio of chitosan and pectin = 3:7. The differences between chitosan-pectin PEC characteristic and its origin polymer were shown by functional group analysis, thermal analysis, swelling capacity and gel strength. The PEC was then used as matrix in floating tablet.]]>
<![CDATA[Antifungal Activity of Polyscias scutellaria Fosberg Leaves Against Candida albicans ]]>
<![CDATA[Marcha Putri, Nada]]>;
<![CDATA[Regita Putri, Jasmine]]>;
<![CDATA[Elya, Berna]]>;
<![CDATA[Adawiyah, Robiatul]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Polyscias scutellaria Fosberg is one of the indigenous plants from Indonesia that widely used as folk medicines for several illnesses. The leaves of P. scutellaria were previously studied as an antimicrobial agent. Nonetheless, this theory of antifungal activity has never been scientifically verified. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of P. scutellaria against Candida albicans. The leaves of P. scutellaria were macerated using an ethanol solvent. Then, the extract was evaporated and dissolved by 1% DMSO into different concentrations (100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, 800 μg/mL, 1600 μg/mL, 3200 μg/mL, and 6400 μg/mL). Fluconazole, as a common antifungal treatment, was used as the positive control. The antifungal activity of P. sculletaria against Candida albicans was tested using well dilution and diffusion disc methods. Ethanol extract of P. scutellaria leaves showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans. It showed the minimum inhibitory concentration of above 6400 μg/mL and formed the inhibitory zone against Candida albicans. As a conclusion, ethanol extract of P. scutellaria has the potential to be used as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans.]]>
<![CDATA[Antioxidant and Antiaging Assays of Ageratum conyzoides (L.) Ethanolic Extract ]]>
<![CDATA[Sutjiatmo, Afifah B]]>;
<![CDATA[Edriayani, Novi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mulyasari, Tira Endang]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermanto, Faizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahrauk, M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukandar, Elin Y.]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusuma, Hanna Sari Widya]]>;
<![CDATA[Rizal, Rizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Widowati, Wahyu]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The declining ability of tissues to repair or replace themselves and maintain their structure and normal function is called aging. Aging is caused by free radical that can induce the activation of elastase and collagenase. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) or known as Babadotan is a medicinal plant that has been reported to be a good source of antioxidants that also inhibit aging process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging properties of Babadotan Ethanolic Extract (BEE). Franswoth method was used to determine the phytochemical assay of BEE. Measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger was used for antioxidant assay, and inhibitory of elastase and collagenase activities was used for antiaging assay. The analysis of phytochemical compounds exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, steroids and triterpenoids, monoterpenoids and terpenoids, and the absence of saponin. BEE has lower activity on DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 80.7 µg/mL) than quercetin (IC50 = 3.25 µg/mL). BEE exhibited lower elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 45.35 ± 2.2 µg/mL and 55.07 ± 1.1 µg/mL, respectively) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 11.64 ± 0.67 µg/mL and 19.91 ± 0.46 µg/mL). Overall, BEE possesses antioxidant and antiaging activities, although the activities are lower than quercetin.]]>
<![CDATA[Potential of Jamu in Nanotechnology Perspective as an Alternative Treatment for Covid-19 ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Ikhsanudin, Azis]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The world seems to be recovering at this time, especially because of the 2019 global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused by the Coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is similar to other β-coronaviruses through several steps to enter and bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the main receptor. This binding, particularly in the respiratory epithelium and alveoli of the lungs, affects harmony in human host cells. No specific vaccines and antivirals are available to date as drug investigations are still ongoing. However, many Indonesians consume herbal medicine, especially 'empon-empon' containing the Zingiberaceae family, to protect their health from COVID-19. So far, herbal medicine has shown good results to protect the Indonesian people in fighting SARS-CoV-2 empirically. In this review, we describe the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, herbal ingredients that are active in fighting COVID-19, and applied nanotechnology challenges to COVID-19. Therefore, it is proposed to develop herbal medicine with a nanotechnology approach to increase the efficacy and potential of herbal medicine in fighting COVID-19. Moreover, the development of nanotechnology for Indonesian jamu will increase the value of Indonesian jamu and raise its reputation in the world.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Antipsychotic Activity of Ethanolic Bark Extract of Myrica esculenta in Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Sapkota, Biswash]]>;
<![CDATA[Acharya, Ankit]]>;
<![CDATA[Dangi, Bishal]]>;
<![CDATA[HV, Annegowda]]>
<![CDATA[ Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 3 ]]>
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<![CDATA[The antipsychotic properties of Myrica esculenta stem bark were evaluated. The stem bark was collected, shade dried, and pulverized. Extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol by occasional shaking. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was investigated in this study. Antipsychotic activity was evaluated against apomorphine-induced stereotypy using cook’s pole climbing apparatus and haloperidol-induced catalepsy models. Bioamine determination of noradrenaline and dopamine was also performed. The extract contains phytochemicals, including glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, proteins, saponins, phenolics, and tannins. The result showed decreased apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior. This study reported significant dose-dependent potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats and a longer time needed by the rat to climb the pole in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it significantly decreased brain dopamine and noradrenaline level. The ethanolic extract of M. esculenta exhibited significant antipsychotic activity in rats. Further neurochemical investigation is needed to explore the plant drug’s mechanism of action regarding anti-dopaminergic functions and establish the plant as an antipsychotic agent.]]>
