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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 360 Documents
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In vitro Antiviral Activity of Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) bark Extract Against Human Influenza A Virus Makau, Juliann N; Talaam, Keith K; Odiwuor, Mike; Majanja, Janet M; Musenjeri, Sophia; Rahmasari, Ratika; Khamadi, Samoel A; Watanabe, Ken
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Influenza A viruses mutate very fast and this leads to the development of resistance to antivirals, hence the need to find new therapeutics. Due to their extensive traditional use, natural products are crucial resources for the discovery of drugs. Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa), is a tropical vine known for various health benefits and in this study we evaluated its anti-influenza activity. Pulverized material of the stem bark was extracted using 80% ethanol, hot water, and 1% sodium bicarbonate. The extracts were dried and dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide before testing for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity using crystal violet assay. The extracts exhibited antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration range of 2.3 - 6.2 µg/mL. The 1% sodium bicarbonate extract had the least 50% cytotoxic concentration of 125 µg/mL and was used for further analyses. It was effective against several human influenza A virus strains including an oseltamivir-resistant clinical isolate of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. Time-of-addition experiments showed significant suppression of virus replication when the virus was pretreated with the extract before infecting to cells and also when the virus and extract were co-administered to the cells; suggesting that the extract was inactivating the virus. Oseltamivir was used as a positive control and only suppressed late stages of virus replication. These results were consistent with the hemagglutination inhibition assay data which showed direct virucidal activity on influenza virus particles. Our data demonstrates possible future use of Cat’s claw in influenza management. However, more investigation is needed to identify the bioactive components.
Exploring The Vitronectin Binding Affinity and Cell Viability Effect of Small Molecule Metabolites From Medicinal Plants For Neuroblastoma Alaribe, Stephenie C. A; Granados-Aparici, Sofia; Oladipupo, Akolade R; Vieco-Marti, Isaac; Titilayo, Blessing E; Allen, Gordon; Noguera, Rosa
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) is an aggressive form of childhood cancer with a five-year survival rate of less than 50%, underscoring the need for more efficacious and less toxic treatments. The glycoprotein vitronectin (VN) has been linked to poor prognosis in patients with HR-NB, thus inhibitors of VN function represent a promising avenue for molecular mechanotherapy. This study investigated the binding affinity between the somatomedin B (SMB) domain of VN and natural compounds from the medicinal plant, Olax subscorpioidea, targeting the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The therapeutic potential of α-amyrin (AMY), lupeol (LUP), and olax chalcone A (olax CHA) was tested in combination with an integrin antagonist of VN, cilengitide (CLG), using the SK-N-BE(2) HR-NB cell line as a model. Molecular docking studies indicated protein-ligand interactions for all compounds, with CLG showing the most favorable binding free energy, followed by LUP, AMY, and olax CHA. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated the SMB domain of VN binding site of PAI-1 initially exhibited flexibility, with alpha-carbon root mean square deviation (RMSD) stabilizing at 1.8-2.1 Å. All compounds reduced SK-N-BE(2) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. CLG showed the strongest antiproliferative effect (IC₅₀ = 15.25 µM). Olax CHA had higher efficacy than AMY and LUP (IC₅₀ = 74.23 µM vs. 125.45 µM and 103.36 µM). Combining the compounds with CLG further decreased viability and IC₅₀ values. Synergy analysis showed only olax CHA plus CLG had a synergistic effect. This suggests olax CHA plus CLG as a promising therapeutic strategy against neuroblastoma cells.
Efficacy and Safety of Glibenclamide Compared with Insulin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Haifa, Alifia Fauziyyah; Qomariyanti, Khairunnisa; Sartika, Ratu Ayu Dewi; Sauriasari, Rani
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications compared with non-diabetic pregnancies. Pharmacological treatments, such as glibenclamide, are expected to provide optimal glycemic control and reduce these risks. However, concerns regarding its safety persist and some regulatory agencies have not approved glibenclamide for GDM treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of glibenclamide compared with insulin in the management of GDM, with a focus on maternal and neonatal outcomes based on the most recent RCT. The objective is to provide updated insight and strengthen the evidence based supporting the use of glibenclamide as treatment option for GDM. Relevant studies were identified from Pubmed, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases, resulting in 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2,019 participants. The pooled analysis found that glibenclamide significantly increases the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia [RR 1.65; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.22; p-value 0.0009] and significantly decreases the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) [RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.95; p-value 0.03], compared to insulin. No significant differences were observed in other maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two treatments. In conclusion, glibenclamide demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to insulin in the management of GDM, making it a viable treatment option alongside insulin.
Advancing Herbal Medicine: The Role of Nanosomal Technology in Treating Skin Diseases Aswan, Pedro Anugerah; Maggadani, Baitha Palanggatan; Fachri, Wilzar; Iswandana, Raditya
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Herbal medicine has become popular worldwide, especially in developing countries, with around 80% of the population opting for herbal treatments. The perceived benefits of natural remedies, such as affordability and fewer side effects, drive this trend. Herbal therapies effectively manage skin diseases, infections, and common ailments. However, the absorption of bioactive compounds in herbal extracts is often limited. Recent developments in nano-based herbal delivery systems, like nanosomal, show promise in enhancing the efficacy of herbal remedies for topical applications, providing improved solubility, stability, and skin penetration. This review describes various nanosomal studies developed and successfully used to enhance the topical delivery of natural compounds, including liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, transethosomes, phytosomes, and niosomes.
In-Silico Test of Myricetin, Phyllanthin, Luteolin Compounds Against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Noviyanti, Vidia; Arifin, Nuha Haifa; Ikfini, Hayu; Febriansah, Rifki
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 2
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which emerged in late 2019 and was first detected in Indonesia in March 2020, has significantly reshaped the country’s public health landscape. Aside from the viral outbreak itself, a decline in immunity among the population due to excessive concern about the pandemic has also become a significant issue. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of myricetin, phyllanthin, and luteolin compounds as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) virus by targeting the main protease and spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain proteins through in silico molecular docking. Remdesivir and favipiravir were used as comparison compounds. The molecular docking process involved several stages including structural preparation, protein preparation, method validation, and docking between the compounds with the target protein. The docking results were assessed based on binding energy values, where lower energy indicates a stronger and more stable interaction between the compound and the protein. The binding energies of myricetin, phyllanthin, luteolin, favipiravir and remdesivir compounds with the main protease protein were -6.2, -5.5, -5.3, -4,4, and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies of those compounds with spike glycoprotein-RBD were -6.0, -4.2, -4.8, -6.0, and -5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The results showed that myricetin exhibited stronger binding affinity compared to phyllanthin and luteolin and may serve as a promising inhibitor of main protease and spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain proteins.
Comparative Physicochemical Characterization of Porcine, Fish, and Bovine Gelatin in Gummy Candies: Toward Halal Nutraceutical Development Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian; Darsih, Cici; Yuniarti, Nunung; Rumiyati, Rumiyati; Abidin, Mohammad Zainal
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 3
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Abstract

Gummy candies have emerged as one of the most popular dosage forms for multivitamins and nutraceutical supplements, including those for brain health. Gelatin is the primary gelling agent used to achieve the gummy texture; however, the influence of different gelatin sources on the physicochemical properties of gummies has not been systematically examined. This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of gummies prepared with porcine, bovine, and fish gelatin. The gummies were evaluated for mechanical properties (gumminess, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, and stringiness), color, water activity, antioxidant activity, and protein content. Additionally, the effects of intentional adulteration—specifically the addition of porcine gelatin to fish or bovine gelatin—were assessed. The results showed that gumminess, hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness were comparable across different gelatin sources, whereas adhesiveness and stringiness were highly sensitive to source variation. Notably, adulteration with porcine gelatin significantly altered those two parameters. These findings underscored the importance of verifying gelatin origin in gummy formulations, as source-related variations and gelatin adulteration could have a direct impact on product quality and performance.
The Role of Pharmacists in Preventing Antibiotic Resistance: A Narrative Review Martadiani, Kristy Rahayu; Insani, Widya Norma; Alfian, Sofa Dewi
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 12, No. 3
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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health threat, driven by irrational antibiotic use, including uncontrolled self-medication, use without proper indication, and non-adherence to medical instructions. This review aims to examine the strategic role of pharmacists in preventing antibiotic resistance through interventions at different points of healthcare services. While the discussion addresses the global pharmacist role, this review places particular emphasis on resource-limited settings, such as those in developing countries, where access to antibiotics is relatively unrestricted, regulatory enforcement is weak, and self-medication practices are more prevalent. Literature findings indicate that pharmacists play an important role as educators and supervisors of medication use, as well as partners in antimicrobial stewardship programs. In the context of self-medication, pharmacists play a key role in refusing requests for antibiotics without a prescription and in raising patient awareness. In hospital settings, clinical pharmacists are involved in validating therapeutic indications, recommending de-escalation, and ensuring adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines. Recent studies, including those in Indonesia, have shown that active pharmacist involvement can reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and enhance patient adherence to therapy. Improved adherence significantly contributes to resistance prevention. Therefore, strengthening pharmacist capacity and regulatory support are key components in both national and global strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
The Chemotherapy Use and Adverse Effects of Patients with Lung Cancer at Regional General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia Yulia, Rika; Kirtishanti, Aguslina; Wijono, Heru; Setiawan, Eko; Presley, Bobby; Go, Tjie Kok; Mayani, Ni Putu Irma; Febriani, Anna; Jaya, Halim Priyahau; Herawati, Fauna
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
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Abstract

In Indonesia, lung cancer is the leading cause of death related to cancer, according to Global Cancer Observatory. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment since it works systemically and can prevent cancer cells from spreading to other organs. Cytotoxicity of chemotherapy can also put patients at high risk of experiencing adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the congruity of chemotherapy use with treatment recommendations and the profile of adverse effects, not only acute but also delayed adverse drug reactions. This prospective observational study involved 41 adult patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy. Data is collected through patients’ medical records, brief patient interviews, and analyzed descriptively. The majority of the patients received first-line chemotherapy (87.80%). Pemetrexed-cisplatin (39.02%) and pemetrexed-carboplatin (19.51%) are the most common first-line therapy, followed by docetaxel (12,20%) as the second-line chemotherapy commonly used by patients. The chemotherapy regimens used in patients were 100% appropriate based on treatment guidelines. 61.11% and 60% of patients experience adverse effects with the first and second line of chemotherapy, respectively. Anemia (63,89%) was the most common delayed adverse effect in the first-line chemotherapy and hair loss (60%) was the most common one in the second-line chemotherapy. The platinum-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for lung cancer, but its tolerability limits its uses. These findings showed chemotherapy-related adverse effects that need to be considered in choosing the best choice of therapy to optimize the treatment. Therefore, prophylaxis therapy to manage chemotherapy-related adverse effects may be considered in patients with chemotherapy.
Identification of Active Compounds and Antidiabetic Activity of Red Shoot (Syzygium myrtifolium) Leaves Extract With In Vitro and In Silico Methods Prakoso, Muhamad Iqbal; Warnasih, Siti
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that affects approximately 537 million people worldwide (1 in 10 individuals), and its prevalence is projected to reach 783 million by 2045. One of the plants that has the potential to be an antidiabetic is red shoots (Syzygium myrtifolium) since it contains various secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenolics, and anthocyanins. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of red shoot leaves extract and to identify and predict interactions between its active compounds and the α-glucosidase receptor. Ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of red shoot leaves were tested in vitro method for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The most active extract was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify its chemical constituents. The identified compounds were then tested in silico using the molecular docking method to simulate interactions with the α-glucosidase receptor. The ethanol extract showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 83.69 ppm), as compared to the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. GC–MS analysis identified 5 secondary metabolites, predominantly terpenoids. Molecular docking revealed that three compounds includes α-Gurgujene, farnesyl acetate and Neophytadiene exhibited strong binding affinities (ΔG), hydrogen bonds and nteractions with the same amino acid residues as the standard control acarbose, indicating potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These findings suggest that red shoot leaves extract, particularly its ethanol extract, contains bioactive compounds with promising potential as natural antidiabetic agents, warranting further pharmacological and clinical investigation.
The Exploration of the Antidiabetic Potentialities of Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) Fruits through In vivo, In vitro and In silico Approaches Sultana, Arifa; Aktar, Fahima; Noushin, Fabiha; Wahed, Mariam; Chowdhury, Jakir Ahmed; Chowdhury, Abu Asad; Kabir, Shaila; Amran, Md. Shah
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
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Abstract

Due to the ineffectiveness, side effects, and high cost of conventional drugs, medicinal plants grabbed the attention to treat diabetes, which has been a global health concern nowadays. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antidiabetic potentialities of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) fruits in in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. For the in vivo assessment, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were fed food mixed with bottle gourd powder for 21 days. For the in vitro assessment, the alpha-amylase inhibitory assay was used to determine the antidiabetic properties of an ethanolic extract of L. siceraria. For the in silico assessment, ten compounds from L. siceraria were selected as found in literature, upon which molecular docking studies were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of these compounds with Human CYP3A4 (bound to metformin) and Human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV proteins.  Bottle gourd powder showed slower activity to reverse the disease condition in animal model, but it has appeared to be safe for both the kidney and liver. Ethanolic extract of L. siceraria exerted a dose-dependent increase in percent (%) inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme as compared to standard acarbose. In the molecular docking study, most of the targeted compounds showed better affinity toward selected protein compared to metformin hydrochloride. In addition, most of the compounds were found free of toxicities. Therefore, it is concluded that bottle gourd powder showed potential as an antidiabetic agent but further studies should be conducted on different extracts of L. siceraria to establish bottle gourd as a novel antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes mellitus.

Page 36 of 36 | Total Record : 360

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