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Journal of Agriculture (JoA)
Published by Information Technology and Science
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28292421     DOI : 10.47709/joa
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
JoA aims publish primary research articles of current research topics from all over the world, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical journals. General review and short communication articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation, and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science including: Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Agroforestry; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Plant disease and protection; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economics of agriculture; Human research of agriculture JoA is published by Information Technology and Science (ITScience), a Research Institute in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 230 Documents
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Supply Chain Management Strategies to Improve Distribution Efficiency Nurhadida Nasution; Ramerson J Sumbayak
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8570

Abstract

This study aims to analyse Supply Chain Management strategies to improve the efficiency of local product distribution. The background of this study is based on the low efficiency of the distribution system, characterised by high logistics costs, long delivery times, and a lack of coordination between supply chain actors. This condition impacts the low competitiveness of products in the market. The research method used is a descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and questionnaires distributed to supply chain actors, including farmers, collectors, wholesalers, and retailers. Data analysis techniques used include descriptive analysis, distribution efficiency analysis, and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results show that long and poorly integrated supply chains are the main causes of distribution inefficiency. In addition, limited infrastructure, low technology utilisation, and weak coordination between actors also worsen distribution performance. Strategies that can be implemented to improve distribution efficiency include supply chain integration, utilisation of digital technology, institutional strengthening, and improvement of logistics systems. In conclusion, effective and integrated supply chain management can improve distribution efficiency, reduce costs, and accelerate the flow of products to consumers. Therefore, support is needed from various parties, both business actors and the government, to optimise the supply chain system.
Comparison of Polymer (Polypropylene) and Boiler Ash (Bottom Ash) as Adsorbents for Beta Carotene Adsorption in CPO Rafiko Alfahri Purba; Rafael Remit Winardi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8661

Abstract

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) contains abundant natural beta-carotene compounds, but under heat and oxygen exposure during storage, these antioxidant compounds can change into pro-oxidants that accelerate oil rancidity. The bleaching process using the adsorption method is an effective way to reduce these pigments, thereby increasing the oxidative stability of CPO. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of environmentally friendly granular adsorbents prepared from a combination of solid waste (palm oil mill boiler ash, bottom ash) activated with HCl and Aquades. Polypropylene was used to adsorb beta-carotene via the column method. The experimental design used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by varying the ratio of the polymer mixture to the boiler ash, namely S0 (1:1), S1 (1:3), and S2 (3:1), using a column flow rate of 0.125 ml/second at an oil temperature of 60°C. The CPO quality parameters evaluated included beta carotene content, Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBI) value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, and water content. Based on statistical results from the One-Way ANOVA test, variations in adsorbent composition had a significant effect on the reduction in beta-carotene content and the DOBI value. Conversely, variations in the ratio did not significantly affect the FFA and water content parameters. Treatment S1 (ratio 1:3) was identified as the optimal composition, producing the highest absorption effectiveness and reducing beta-carotene levels and DOBI values. All treatments after the adsorption process were shown to maintain CPO quality parameters at acceptable standards without compromising the oil's chemical stability. Based on these findings, increasing the silica content of boiler ash was empirically shown to increase porosity and the number of active sites for the adsorption of non-polar organic compounds in CPO.
Effectiveness of Eco Enzyme-Based Biochar Application on Increasing Post-Flood Soil Fertility on Agricultural Land Hamela Sari Sitompul; Octasella Ainani As’ad; Nurhadida Nasution; Supriadi Surbakti
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Research Articles, March 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i01.8887

Abstract

Post-flood land rehabilitation efforts are needed to restore soil productivity sustainably, one of which is through the use of eco-enzyme-based biochar. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of eco-enzyme-based biochar application in increasing post-flood soil fertility on agricultural land in Gampong Tupah, Karang Baru District, Aceh Tamiang Regency. The study used a field experiment method with a non-factorial Randomised Block Design (RBD) consisting of five treatment levels, namely P0 (control), P1, P2, P3, and P4. The parameters observed included chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil. The results showed that the application of eco-enzyme-based biochar increased soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, cation exchange capacity, total porosity, and soil microorganism populations, while also reducing bulk density. The results showed that the P4 treatment, soil pH from 4.82 to 6.21, organic C from 1.26% to 3.08%, total N from 0.15% to 0.32%, available P from 8.15 to 23.91 ppm, CEC from 13.84 to 28.84 cmol(+) kg?¹, total porosity from 42.18% to 56.45%, and soil microorganism population from 2.10 × 10? to 10.14 × 10? CFU g?¹, accompanied by a decrease in bulk density from 1.47 to 1.16 g cm?³ compared to the control.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Knowledge on College Students' Entrepreneurial Interest with Self-Efficacy as a Mediating Variable Hary Yanto Jailani; Nofialdi Nofialdi; Zulvera Zulvera
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8910

Abstract

This research endeavors to examine the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge on students' entrepreneurial interest, with self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable. The primary focus of the research is on students who have completed the Independent Business Project (Proyek Usaha Mandiri, PUM) course in the agricultural sector at Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh. The methodology employed is a descriptive research design utilizing a survey method, wherein primary data were collected through structured questionnaires. The research sample consisted of 35 respondents selected using a multiple stage sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modeling approach. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial knowledge exerts a significant influence on self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000), indicating that mastery of operational, marketing, and financial content provides a cognitive foundation for students to assess their own capabilities in managing business ventures. Furthermore, self-efficacy was found to have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest (p-value = 0.000), demonstrating that belief in one's personal capacity serves as the primary psychological driver in choosing an entrepreneurial career path. The mediation test confirms that self-efficacy plays a significant role as a "cognitive bridge" (p-value = 0.000) linking entrepreneurial knowledge to entrepreneurial interest. The model yields a Q-square value of 0.69, indicating a strong predictive relevance of 69%. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that knowledge acquired through experiential learning approaches such as the PUM course is more effective in shaping perceptions of personal competence compared to traditional lecture-based methods. Higher education institutions are advised to continue strengthening field-based learning methodologies and to provide supporting infrastructure, such as business incubators, in order to mitigate perceptions of financial risk and reinforce students' mental readiness for entrepreneurial endeavors.
Household Consumption Analysis of Gambir Farmers in Harau District, Limapuluh Kota Regency Ratna Agustia; Nin Patri Enanti; Yuliatri Yuliatri; Sulastri Sulastri; Fefriyanti DS
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8913

Abstract

Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is a strategic plantation commodity in Indonesia, with West Sumatra Province contributing 80–90% of national exports. Limapuluh Kota Regency, particularly Harau District, is one of the main production centers. Despite its economic potential, gambir farmers face significant challenges, including price volatility, limited bargaining power, and low product quality due to traditional processing methods. These conditions directly affect farm household income stability and, consequently, household consumption patterns. This study aims to analyze total household consumption and its composition — both food and non-food expenditures—among gambir-farming households in Harau District, Limapuluh Kota Regency. The research employed a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample consisted of 30 purposively selected gambir farmers from Nagari Harau, Harau District. Data were collected through structured and unstructured interviews, direct observation, and literature studies. The results revealed that the average total household consumption reached IDR 3,716,883 per month (IDR 44,602,600 per year). Food consumption accounted for IDR 2,283,583 per month (61.4% of total consumption), with animal-based protein (IDR 756,667/month) being the highest expenditure component, substantially exceeding staple food expenditure (IDR 454,333/month). Non-food consumption amounted to IDR 1,433,300 per month (38.6%), dominated by transportation (IDR 525,000/month) and education (IDR 529,000/month). Notably, only 20% of respondents paid health insurance independently, while 50% had no regular health expenditure, indicating uneven access to healthcare services.
Value at Risk and Markowitz Portfolio Optimization in Agricultural Sector Stocks Vicka Pramudya Putra; Roni Afrizal; Arnayulis Arnayulis; Azzukhruf Ariliusra
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8914

Abstract

This study examines market risk in agricultural sector stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) using the Value at Risk (VaR) approach based on historical simulation, both at the individual stock level and at the portfolio level. The data employed consist of daily closing price time series from January 2025 to December 2025, covering AALI, NSSS, TAPG, and SMAR. The estimation of portfolio VaR was preceded by the calculation of returns, expected returns, variances, standard deviations, and the variance–covariance matrix, which were subsequently utilized to construct the optimal portfolio under the Markowitz mean–variance framework. VaR was then measured at confidence levels of 90%, 95%, and 99%, assuming an initial investment value of IDR 1,000,000. The findings indicate that individual stock VaR increases as the confidence level rises, suggesting the presence of tail risk in the return distribution over the observation period. TAPG and NSSS consistently exhibit the highest VaR values, whereas AALI demonstrates relatively lower risk at the 90% and 95% confidence levels. The optimal portfolio comprises NSSS (59.49%), TAPG (28.27%), and SMAR (12.24%), yielding an expected portfolio return of 0.43% and a risk level (standard deviation) of 0.01899. The portfolio VaR is lower than that of the highest-risk individual stocks across the 90% and 95% confidence levels, underscoring the role of diversification and optimal weighting in mitigating downside risk.
Study of Factors Influencing Rice Farming Income : (Case Study: Kuta Jungak Village, Siempat Rube District, Pak-Pak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra Province) Medi Lilis Wenny Nainggolan; Aditia Erick Cantona Simatupang; Jepri Padang
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8610

Abstract

This study aims to determine the production costs, the amount of revenue and income, feasibility, and factors that influence the income of rice farming in Kuta Jungak Village, Siempat Rube District, Pakpak Bharat Regency. The method of determining the research area was done intentionally (purposive), and the method of determining the sample was done by the Simple Random Sampling method, with a total of 45 rice farmers. The analysis methods used were cost analysis, revenue, income, Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), and multiple non-linear regression. The results showed that the total production cost was Rp112,116,612, while the total revenue was Rp184,283,910, resulting in a total income of Rp72,167,298. The R/C ratio value of 1.64>1, which means that rice farming is feasible to pursue. The results of the study indicate that production factors such as land area, labor, seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, and selling price significantly influence rice farming income. Simultaneously, the variables of land area, labor costs, seed costs, fertilizer costs, pesticide costs, and selling prices significantly influence rice farming income. Partially, the variables of labor costs, seed costs, and fertilizer costs significantly influence income. Meanwhile, the variables of land area, pesticide costs, and selling prices do not significantly influence rice farming income. The coefficient of determination R2 is 0.340, which means that land area, labor, seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, and selling prices influence 34% of rice farming income. Other factors outside of this study influence the remaining 66%.
Study of Productivity of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantations Based on Region in North Sumatera Province Indonesian Jones Simatupang; Manaor Bismar Posman Nababan; Aditia Erick Cantona Simatupang
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.8696

Abstract

This study aims to determine the differences in productivity and factors influencing the productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations in North Sumatera based on regionalization. Sampling was conducted using a multi-stage approach in three districts known to have the largest area of smallholder oil palm plantations in North Sumatera, representing the West Coast Highlands and West Coast regions. Each district is represented by one sub-district and two villages.  The total sample was 450 farmers from 75 samples representing each selected village. The analysis conducted involved the One Way ANOVA Test and the Tobit Regression Test. The results of the study indicate significant differences in the productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations in North Sumatera Province based on zoning, with productivity levels categorized as follows: West Coast > East Coast > Highlands. Simultaneously, all socio-economic factors have a significant effect on the productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations. Factors that significantly affect the productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations are labor, fertilizer, gender, and type of seed applied in all three regions. Factors of land area, farming experience, and access to credit apply in two regions (Highlands and West Coast). Farmer education factors apply only in one region (Highlands). Factors that do not affect the three regions are pesticides.
Optimization of Fermented Rice Straw Utilization for Sustainable Beef Cattle Feeding Systems: An IPA–CSI Approach Khalidin Khalidin; Safrika Safrika; Khairul Murdani
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.9017

Abstract

Rice straw is an abundant agricultural by-product with considerable potential as an alternative feed resource for beef cattle, supporting sustainable crop–livestock integration and reducing dependence on natural forage. However, its utilization remains limited due to low adoption of fermentation technology and traditional extensive livestock management practices. This study aimed to identify priority strategies to optimize the utilization of fermented rice straw in sustainable beef cattle production systems. A quantitative survey was conducted using probability sampling. Primary data were collected through field observations, structured interviews, and questionnaires employing a four-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA), conformity level analysis, and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The IPA results identified several priority attributes requiring improvement, including year-round straw availability, farmers’ knowledge of fermentation techniques, ease of straw processing, cost efficiency, the use of straw as the primary feed source, and the reduction of free-grazing practices. Attributes related to feed-processing equipment availability and regular stall feeding demonstrated satisfactory performance and should be maintained. The CSI score of 44.35% indicated that farmers were generally dissatisfied with the current utilization of fermented rice straw, reflecting gaps between expectations and actual implementation. These findings suggest that optimizing the utilization of fermented rice straw requires integrated interventions, including practical fermentation training, demonstration plots, continuous extension services, institutional strengthening of farmer groups, and the development of community-based feed enterprises. Such strategies are expected to improve technology adoption and support more sustainable and intensive beef cattle production systems.
Effect of Primiparous Dam Age on Birth Performance of Aceh Cattle Calves at BPTU-HPT Indrapuri, Aceh Sri Rahayu; Djoko Subagyo; Masrianto Masrianto; Rahmat Rahmat
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Call for Papers July 2026
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v5i02.9018

Abstract

Aceh cattle are an important indigenous genetic resource in Indonesia due to their adaptability to tropical environments, disease resistance, and efficient utilization of low-quality feed. Birth performance is closely associated with subsequent growth and productivity; however, information regarding the effect of maternal age at first calving on calf birth traits in Aceh cattle remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the birth performance of calves born to primiparous dams and to determine the influence of maternal age at first parturition on calf morphometric characteristics. The study was conducted at BPTU-HPT Indrapuri, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Thirty-six Aceh calves born from primiparous dams aged 30–35 months were grouped into three maternal age categories (30–31, 32–33, and 34–35 months). Birth weight, body length, shoulder height, and chest circumference were measured within 0–3 days after birth. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test when required. Mean birth weight, body length, shoulder height, and chest circumference were 18.36 ± 2.50 kg, 51.39 ± 3.43 cm, 59.33 ± 3.33 cm, and 61.03 ± 3.92 cm, respectively. Maternal age at first calving did not significantly affect any birth trait observed (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, calves born from dams aged 32–33 months tended to show numerically superior performance. Maternal age at first parturition between 30 and 35 months does not significantly influence the birth performance of Aceh calves, although calving at 32–33 months provides favorable biological outcomes.

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