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Journal of Agriculture (JoA)
Published by Information Technology and Science
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28292421     DOI : 10.47709/joa
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
JoA aims publish primary research articles of current research topics from all over the world, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical journals. General review and short communication articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation, and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science including: Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Agroforestry; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Plant disease and protection; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economics of agriculture; Human research of agriculture JoA is published by Information Technology and Science (ITScience), a Research Institute in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 217 Documents
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Economic Efficiency of Smallholders Oil Palm Plantations in Lubuk Barumun District Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera Simatupang, Jones; Siregar, M. Akbar; Sibuea, Mhd. Buhari
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6545

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyse the economic efficiency of smallholder oil palm plantations and the socioeconomic factors that affect them. The study area was purposively selected because it is the sub-district with the largest area of smallholder oil palm plantations in Padang Lawas Regency, with the largest area of smallholder oil palm plantations on the West Coast of North Sumatra Province. The study sample was determined using quota sampling, with 150 samples drawn from Aek Lancat Village and Pagaran Mompang Village, each with 75 samples. Data analysis methods used: Data Envelopment Analysis and Censored Tobit Regression Analysis for smallholder oil palm plantation management data for 2023. The results showed that the majority (85.33%) of smallholder oil palm plantations were not economically efficient, with an average economic efficiency value of 0.8789. Factors such as gender, farming experience, family size, type of seed used, distance from the farmer's residence to the input market, and experience in applying organic fertiliser significantly affected the economic efficiency of smallholder oil palm plantations. Meanwhile, socioeconomic factors such as age, education, the number of productive oil palm plants cultivated, access to credit, experience in participating in farmer organisations, and farmers' experience in using information and technology facilities related to farming management have no significant effect on the economic efficiency of smallholder oil palm plantations.
Designing Village Food Security: SWOT–QSPM Strategy for Sumber Harjo Farmers' Group Wijayanti, Dwi; Putra, Farhan Akmala; Setiadi, Agus
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6563

Abstract

Strengthening food security at the village level has become a national priority, with farmer groups (Gapoktan) serving as key grassroots institutions. However, the organizational and strategic capacity of many Gapoktan remains underdeveloped, especially in rural areas such as Mulyoagung Village, Bojonegoro. This study addresses the need to design targeted strategies for empowering Gapoktan Sumber Harjo to support food security programs funded through the Village Fund. This study uses a quantitative strategic model to formulate strategic priorities for developing Gapoktan Sumber Harjo. The research applied a descriptive approach using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) matrix, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and expert judgment scoring. The IFE results indicated a score of 2.6608, suggesting moderately strong internal conditions. The EFE score reached 3.0090, showing that external conditions are highly supportive, especially through the Village Fund policy and local government programs. QSPM analysis identified the most attractive strategies to generate leadership and capacity-building in digital skills. This study concludes that Gapoktan’s internal reinforcement must precede any external partnership or digitalization effort. Strategic development based on empirical scoring ensures policy alignment and community participation. These findings will inform local governments and grassroots institutions in prioritizing sustainable, data-driven agricultural strategies.
Biopesticide of the Mixture of Crescentia Cujete and Calotropis Gigantea to Control Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Sulastri, Elsa; Kasim, Niken Nur; Arifin, Asia; Sjam, Sylvia
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6650

Abstract

Biopesticides offer an environmentally friendly alternative for pest management. In Indonesia, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), or fall armyworm, is a major pest affecting maize by damaging the apical meristem and upper leaves. This study evaluated a biopesticide formulated from a mixture of Crescentia cujete fruit and Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts on the population and damage severity of S. frugiperda. A completely randomized design with three treatments (P1: 5%, P2: 2.5%, and P3: 0%/control) and three replicates was used. Additionally, a farmer's practice using synthetic pesticides was included for comparison. Applications were carried out weekly, and observations were conducted on pest population and leaf damage severity, assessed using a 1–9 Davis scale. ANOVA followed by LSD (5%) and regression analysis were used for statistical evaluation. The results showed that the 5% extract (P1) significantly reduced both pest population and damage severity compared to the control and farmer treatment. The severity in P1 and P2 was 25.22% and 27.06%, respectively, while P3 and the farmer's treatment showed 43.02% and 47.25%. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.987) between the S. frugiperda population and severity, indicating that a 1% increase in population corresponds to a 4.74% rise in severity. These findings demonstrate that the extract mixture is an effective and eco-friendly biopesticide. It offers a sustainable alternative for fall armyworm management, potentially reducing dependence on chemical pesticides while minimizing environmental impact.
Solanum Melongena L. Reaction to Combining Doses of PGPR Imperata Cylindrica and Cow Manure: Growth and Yield Nareswari, Daniela Hapsari; Kristalisasi, Elisabeth Nanik; Ardiani, Fani
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6663

Abstract

This study aims to examine the interaction between PGPR roots of Imperata cylindrica and cow manure on the growth and yield of Solanum melongena L., and to determine the optimal dose of both treatments. The study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: the dose of PGPR roots of Imperata cylindrica (0, 10, 30, 50 ml) and cow manure (0, 1, 2 kg), with five replications, the data were analyzed by ANOVA at a 5% level and further tested with DMRT at a 5% level. The results showed a significant interaction between PGPR roots of Imperata cylindrica and cow manure on plant height and number of leaves, with the best results being PGPR 30 ml and cow manure 2 kg. The dose of PGPR Imperata cylindrica roots of 30 ml can increase plant height, number of leaves, fruit weight, fresh root weight, and root length. However, the dose of PGPR Imperata cylindrica roots of 50 ml can reduce the percentage of fruit wilting. The dose of 2 kg of cow manure can increase plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, and root length of plants. This study concluded that PGPR Imperata cylindrica roots and cow manure or their combination affect the growth and production of Solanum melongena L. plants.
Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Rice in Rice-Fish System Using Correlation and PCA Kasmiati, Kasmiati; Nasrul, Muhammad
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6687

Abstract

The rice-fish farming system is an integrated agricultural model that combines rice and fish cultivation in a single field, wherein fish feed has the potential to serve as an additional nitrogen (N) source for rice crops. This study aims to evaluate the effects of nitrogen content in fish feed on the agronomic characteristics of rice and to identify interrelationships between parameters using correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis . The research was conducted in Laiya Village, Maros Regency, using the Inpari 32 rice variety and four fish feed treatments with varying nitrogen content: 0% (N0), 5% (N1), 7% (N2), and 9% (N3). Results showed that the differences between treatments were not statistically significant regarding the quantitative morphological characteristics of rice, although treatment N2 showed a tendency for the highest yield. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among the number of productive tillers, plant dry weight, and grain weight per plot. Meanwhile, Principal Component Analysis identified two principal components that explained most of the agronomic variation, with Plant Dry Weight, PT, Grain Weight per Plot, 1000-Grain Weight, and Panicle Length as dominant contributors. These results indicate that nitrogen management through fish feed has the potential to sustainably improve nutrient efficiency and rice productivity in rice-fish farming systems.
Effect of Golden Snail-Based Local Microorganisms on the Growth and Yield of Baby Corn Aida Yanti, Nur; Anwar, Syaifuddin; H, Sudirman; Haswin, Dwi Wahyuni; Nasrul, Muhammad
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6688

Abstract

The use of local microorganisms (MOL) derived from golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) is a sustainable agricultural innovation that supports plant growth through natural bioactivation. Golden apple snails, often considered pests in rice fields, are rich in protein and minerals, making them suitable substrates for microbial development. Fermenting these snails into MOL provides a natural source of beneficial microbes and nutrients that can improve soil health, enhance nutrient availability, and stimulate plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different application doses of golden apple snail-based MOL on the growth and yield of semi-corn (Zea mays L.). The field experiment was conducted at Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Gowa using a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = control (without MOL), P1 = 133 ml MOL/plant, P2 = 160 ml MOL/plant, and P3 = 186 ml MOL/plant. The observed parameters were plant height, number of leaves, ear length, and ear weight. The results showed that MOL application significantly affected plant height, ear length, and ear weight. Among the treatments, P2 produced the highest values for all observed parameters, including plant height (160.67 cm), ear length (13.95 cm), and ear weight (60.63 g). Therefore, a dose of 160 ml/plant of golden apple snail-based MOL is considered optimal for improving semi-corn growth and yield under field conditions.
Corn Milk Yoghurt: Nutritional Composition Analysis Based On Fermentation Starter Variatons Burhan, Abd Rukman; Firmansyah, Firmansyah
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6700

Abstract

This study explores the nutritional profile of corn milk yoghurt developed using different fermentation starters. Corn (Zea mays L.), rich in carbohydrates, protein, and essential micronutrients, offers a sustainable and affordable plant-based alternative to dairy in yoghurt production. With increasing consumer demand for functional, health-promoting foods and the challenges of animal milk availability, corn milk presents a promising base for fermented products. This experimental research applied a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, a combination of both, and a control (no starter). The objective was to evaluate the impact of starter variation on lactic acid content, protein concentration, and fat levels in the resulting yoghurt. Findings revealed that the combined culture produced the highest lactic acid level (0.7%), while yoghurt fermented solely with L. bulgaricus yielded the highest protein content (3.6%) and the lowest fat content (1.05%). Although the lactic acid content fell below the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) threshold, all yoghurt variants met the SNI minimum for protein and were classified as low-fat yoghurts. These outcomes indicate that fermentation starter selection significantly influences the nutritional characteristics of corn milk yoghurt. Moreover, the study demonstrates the potential of corn milk as a functional food base that aligns with both nutritional standards and sustainable food innovation. L. bulgaricus emerged as the most effective starter, optimizing both protein enrichment and fat reduction. These insights may guide future development of non-dairy fermented products for health-conscious and lactose-intolerant populations.
The Effect of Growth and Root Nodules of Mucuna Bracteata on Various Planting Media Compositions Samiarjo, Roso; Rochmiyati, Sri Manu; Noviana, Githa
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6686

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of growth and root nodules of Mucuna bracteata plants on various planting media compositions. This research was conducted at the Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian (KP2) INSTIPER, Maguwoharjo, Depok District, Sleman Regency, from December 2022 to April 2023. This research method is an experimental study arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The research treatment consists of 12 treatments consisting of sand+clay+manure, sand+clay+green manure, sand+clay+bioslurry, sand+manure, sand+green manure, sand+bioslurry, clay+manure, clay+green manure, clay+bioslurry, sand, and clay. Each media mixture uses the same volume ratio. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at a significance level of 5%, and the real effect was further tested using DMRT at a level of 5%. The results of the study showed that the composition of sand with manure gave the highest fresh root weight results of Mucuna bracteata, namely 8.59 grams, compared with other compositions, such as clay soil, which gave the lowest root weight results, namely 2.07 grams. The sand and bioslurry mixture produced the highest number of root nodules, root nodule weight, and number of effective root nodules in Mucuna bracteata, with figures of 28.40 nodules, 1.05 grams, and 14.80 nodules, respectively. The sand and bioslurry mixture results showed significant differences from those of other planting media mixtures.
Modification of Power Sprayer as a Pest Spraying Tool for Citrus Plants (Citrus sp.) Surya, Satria Adi; Mulianda, Pratiwi; Damanik, Annisa Purnamasari; Fitrada, Wathri; Rahmania, Syiffa
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6784

Abstract

This study, titled “Modification of Power Sprayer into a Pest Spraying Tool for Citrus Plants (Citrus Sp),” was conducted in Gunuang Omeh Sub-district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, from September to October 2024. The objective was to assess the efficiency of a power sprayer and the effectiveness of pest control on citrus plants. The research involved modifying the nozzle of the power sprayer and conducting field tests on a 20 x 20 meter plot. Observations included flow rate, insecticide output capacity, spray distribution, operator walking speed, theoretical field capacity, effective field capacity, spraying efficiency, wind speed, and operator power. In addition, the performance of the power sprayer was compared with that of a knapsack sprayer. Based on the results, the average flow rate was 0.008874 L/s; average droplet size from the power sprayer was 0.3611 mm; average operator walking speed was 0.0413 m/s; average theoretical field capacity was 0.076764 ha/h; average effective field capacity was 0.058789 ha/h; average wind speed was 1.22 km/h; and average operator power was 0.227 kW. The average spraying efficiency of the power sprayer and knapsack sprayer was 76.66% and 60.66%, respectively. These findings indicate that the power sprayer is more efficient than the knapsack sprayer, as it requires less time, less physical effort, and delivers a comparable spray output. Furthermore, the power required by the operator when using the power sprayer is lower than that of the knapsack sprayer.
Application of Capillary Irrigation Systems on Land (Paddy Field Soil, Field Soil and Farm Soil) Rahmania, Syiffa; Candra, Aldo Deska; Zulfakri, Zulfakri; Surya, Satria Adi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6789

Abstract

Capillary irrigation utilizes water from a water source to a reservoir, where plants absorb it through a wick. Soil porosity is a functional space connecting the soil body with its environment. Water loss is a complex phenomenon in a water distribution system that refers to the volume of water lost between the production source and the point of consumption. Moisture content is the amount of water contained in a material and is expressed as a percentage of the material's wet or dry weight. The capillary irrigation system was designed using a 1.5 L aqua bottle and flannel cloth as a water delivery medium with varying cloth placement depths (2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm). This system was applied to paddy fields, farms, and field soil. The parameters observed included soil porosity, moisture content, and water loss. Based on the study's results, farm soil had the highest porosity with an average of 81.3%, followed by field soil at 77.7% and paddy soil at 75.3%. The results of moisture content observations show that farm soil has the highest moisture content with an average of 94.67%, followed by paddy soil at 77.38% and field soil at 68.17%. Based on weekly water volume data, farm soil has the highest average water volume at each axis depth, followed by field soil, and the lowest is paddy soil. Capillary irrigation works effectively. Farm soil has the highest porosity and moisture content and is best for aeration and drainage.

Page 20 of 22 | Total Record : 217

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