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INDONESIA
Journal of Agriculture (JoA)
Published by Information Technology and Science
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28292421     DOI : 10.47709/joa
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
JoA aims publish primary research articles of current research topics from all over the world, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical journals. General review and short communication articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation, and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science including: Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Agroforestry; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Plant disease and protection; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economics of agriculture; Human research of agriculture JoA is published by Information Technology and Science (ITScience), a Research Institute in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 217 Documents
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Martket Market Share Analysis and Forcasting Export Trend of Indonesian Palm Oil: Response to Trade War 2025 Fitri, Febti Aulia; Hidayanti, Anna Apriana; Setiawan, Rifani Nur Sindy
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): Research Articles March 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i01.5921

Abstract

The tariff war between the US and China in 2025 is a signal for Indonesia as the world's largest palm oil exporter that relies on both markets. Market diversification needs to be carried out to avoid instability and uncertain conditions. This study aims to analyze market share through the competitiveness of palm oil in 5 main export destination countries. The EPD method is used with secondary data from 2013-2023. After identifying the countries with the most potential for market penetration, the forecast of the value of Indonesian palm oil exports to these countries was carried out using the ARIMA method with monthly secondary data from January 2013 to May 2023. The EPD analysis results show that Pakistan has the highest Rising Star position, which means it has the greatest potential to be used as a destination for Indonesian palm oil exports. Meanwhile, the results of the ARIMA modelling found that the most appropriate forecasting model was ARIMA (1,1,1) without a constant. As a result, the forecast of the value of Indonesian palm oil exports to Pakistan shows a significant upward trend of 0.4% per month. This study found that the Pakistani market could be used as an export destination to diversify the market and, simultaneously, as an entry point to surrounding countries to prioritize the sustainability of the Indonesian palm oil trade.
Intercropping Growth Response of Edamame Plants on Oil Palm Land with the Application of Biosaka Gunawan, Hari; Isra, Marzuti; Maisarah, Maisarah; Purjianto, Purjianto; Febrianto, Eka Bobby
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 01 (2025): Research Articles March 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i01.5951

Abstract

Oil palm is an essential commodity in Indonesia with excellent development potential, but the long waiting time required to produce oil palm plantations is a problem. Combining with multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) plants can solve this problem. Maximizing resources efficiently and environmentally friendly, the concept of plant intercropping entrepreneurship can be used with Edamame. The intercropping of edamame plants on oil palm plants must be carried out optimally to produce good-quality fruit. So, this study was conducted on the growth response of intercropping edamame plants on oil palm plantations with the provision of biosaka. This study aimed to determine the effect of biosaka and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of edamame plants. Based on the research that has been done, Biosaka has the potential to increase the productivity of edamame plants. The best dose for edamame plant production is in the P3B1 treatment (NPK 30gr/polybag + 20 ml/L/Polybag) as much as 100.97 g/plant, which can increase the weight of pods/plant, pod weight, and number of pods/plant. The fastest flower emergence age is in the B3 treatment, which is 40.55 days. The study results showed that the interaction between Biosaka and NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on the variable of plant height. The use of Biosaka on edamame plant variables that are not much different from the use of NPK fertilizer can be considered.
Coffee Product Development Strategy at MSME Jagad Raye Using the Canvas Business Model Method Erika, Desta Ria
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.5978

Abstract

Pagar Alam City in South Sumatra is a prominent centre for Robusta coffee production, with a plantation area of 8,372 hectares and a production output of 22,519 tons in 2021. The region’s coffee has gained recognition nationally and internationally, including participation in Indonesia’s Geographical Indication program and winning the Gourmet Medal at the AVPA event in France. However, despite its potential, local Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) such as Jagad Raye continue to face significant challenges, including weak marketing strategies, poorly defined market segmentation, and the lack of structured business planning. These limitations are compounded by the unequal benefits of technological advancements, which tend to favour larger enterprises. To overcome these obstacles, this study employs the Business Model Canvas (BMC) as a strategic framework to analyze and develop Jagad Raye’s coffee product strategy. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data is collected through literature reviews, field observations, and interviews. The study targets consumers aged 15 to 40, particularly the younger segment, who show high interest in coffee innovation, such as fermented coffee. The research highlights the importance of creating strong value propositions, building customer relationships through direct channels like coffee shops, and utilizing digital platforms for distribution and branding. The study concludes that structured planning and innovation, supported by tools like BMC, can help MSMEs remain competitive and sustainable in domestic and global markets.
Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Growth and Production Response On the Provision of Goat Manure and Trichoderma Umi Isnatin; Parwi, Parwi; Etica, Use; Bintaro, Rudi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6156

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers are commonly used a lot in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) farming to speed up development and make more fruit. This research looks at how goat dung and the biological agent Trichoderma affect the growth and productivity of tomato plants in an attempt to find more environmentally friendly options. The experiment used a fully randomized factorial design (CRD) with three replications. It tested three levels of goat dung (0, 10, and 20 tons/ha) and three levels of Trichoderma treatment (0, 5, and 10 g/g/ g/plant). The results showed that there was no substantial interaction between the manure and Trichoderma treatments, although each element had an effect on several plant metrics on its own. The 20 tons/ha dosage of goat dung had the most impact on the number of leaves, the weight of the fruit, and the amount of organic carbon in the soil. Trichoderma made a big difference in the number of branches and the weight of the fruit. The most significant changes were seen at 10 g/g/ g/plant. These results show that adding organic matter and living things to tomato plants may help make them healthier and more productive. Using 20 tonnes of goat manure per hectare or 10 grams of Trichoderma per plant is a potential eco-friendly way to minimize reliance on chemical fertilizers while maintaining or even increasing crop output and soil fertility. This study backs the idea of using environmentally friendly farming methods for growing tomatoes.
Identification of Pests and Diseasesof Cocoa Plant (Theobrama Cacao L) and the Level of Attacks in Metun Village Hariyati, Tati; Putra, Marlan Usmani; Febrianti, Jinni
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6374

Abstract

This study aims to identify the types of pests and diseases and the attack levels on cocoa plants in Metun Sajau Village. A purposive random sampling method was used, with data collection techniques including field surveys, visual identification of pests and diseases, and recording the intensity and percentage of attacks. The results showed that in Location A, several pests were found: Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB) with an incidence rate of 66.66% and an attack intensity of 35.13%; Helopeltis spp. (76.34%) with an intensity of 34.17%; squirrels (12.72%) with an intensity of 3.3%; and stem/branch borers (1.14%) with an intensity of 0.38%. The disease identified was fruit rot, with an incidence rate of 13.00% and intensity of 2.41%. In Location B, CPB had the highest incidence rate of 79.03% with an attack intensity of 49.34%; Helopeltis spp. (62.25%) with an intensity of 13.69%; squirrels (26.63%) with an intensity of 6.66%; and stem/branch borers (3.50%) with an intensity of 1.16%. Fruit rot disease was also found in Location B, with an incidence rate of 12.17% and intensity of 2.48%. Based on observations at both locations, it can be concluded that Location B has a higher overall pest attack level (76.34%) than Location A (66.66%). These findings provide vital information for developing effective pest and disease management strategies to support sustainable cocoa production.
Organic Fertilizer Efficiency for Food Security Support in Secanggang, Langkat Hakim, Mukti; Wahyuni, Henny; Putri, Nazwa Dwi; Noviana, Monica
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6396

Abstract

The heavy reliance of Indonesian rice farmers on inorganic fertilizers has led to land degradation and declining productivity, necessitating a shift toward more sustainable approaches. This study analyses the technical efficiency of organic fertilizer use in rice farming in Secanggang Subdistrict, Langkat Regency, employing an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model on a sample of 45 farmers. Input variables include land area (0.2–1.2 ha), organic fertilizer quantity (200–500 kg/ha), labor (15–30 person-days/season), and production costs (IDR 3–5 million/season), while outputs consist of productivity (4–6 tons/ha) and income (IDR 8–12 million/season). The DEA results indicate an average technical efficiency of 78% under the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) model and 85% under the Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) model, with 22% of farmers achieving optimal efficiency levels (>90%). Further analysis reveals that farmers cultivating more than 0.5 hectares attained 12% higher efficiency compared to those with smaller plots (p < 0.05), and farming experience of over 10 years contributed to an 8% efficiency increase (p < 0.1). Economically, organic fertilizer use reduced production costs by 15–20% through the substitution of chemical inputs and increased average seasonal income by approximately IDR 1.2 million. The key findings of this study are: (1) there is a 22% potential gain in efficiency through input optimization; (2) managerial factors (experience, education) have a greater influence on efficiency than technical factors; and (3) an organic fertilizer dosage of 300–400 kg/ha yielded the most efficient outcomes.
Frond Base Fracture and Oil Palm Production: Quantitative Evidence from Indonesia Kurniadhi, Adhitya; Tejo Murti, Theofilus; Atmaka Aji , Wandha; Kristian Tinduh, Yulio; Kurniawan, Indra; Nurcahyono, Nurcahyono
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6399

Abstract

The frond base supports the oil palm tree trunk and distributes photosynthesis results. Frond base fracture (sengkleh) is thought to reduce plant growth performance and production. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the effect of frond base facture on vegetative and reproductive growth of oil palm. The study was conducted for three months at the KUD Sumber Sawit Makmur oil palm plantation, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method used was an agronomic survey with observations on six plant blocks: three blocks with healthy trees and three with unhealthy trees (there were more than three sengkleh fronds). Three plant samples were observed in each block. The parameters observed included the number of frond bases facture, new frond growth, number of female flowers, number of bunches harvested, and average bunch weight. Data were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA and continued with a 5% DMRT test if there was a significant difference. The results showed that frond base conditions had a very significant effect on all observation parameters. Plants with normal frond bases showed faster new leaf sheath growth, more female flowers, and higher yields than plants with fractured frond bases. These findings confirm that frond bases can be used as important visual indicators in technical decision making in the field.
Effectiveness of Eco-Enzyme for Increasing Growth and Production of Shallot from Vegetative Seeds Kesmayanti, Novisrayani; Ruli Joko Purwanto; Romza, Edy; Kalsum, Ummi; Irmawati, Widya; Putri, Kartika
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6442

Abstract

The fluctuating and decreasing production of shallots impacts the national stock. Its cultivation using high inorganic fertilizers requires high costs, reduces soil fertility, and affects long-term production.  Efforts are needed to increase production at a lower cost, reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers, and be more environmentally friendly.  One of them is using eco-enzymes that can be used as fertilizers, soil conditioners, and as a source of plant nutrients.  This study aims to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness and potential of eco-enzymes to increase the growth and production of shallots, while reducing the amount of inorganic fertilizer.  The study used a Randomized Block Design, four replications. There were three levels of treatment: P1 eco-enzyme; P2 eco-enzyme + N, P, K fertilizer 50%; P3 N, P, K fertilizer 100%. Each treatment consisted of 8 experimental units, for a total of 96, with a dose of N= 150 kg urea.ha-1, P= 200 kg SP-36.ha-1 and K= 150 kg KCl.ha-1. Eco-enzyme was given every week with a concentration of 1 ml.l-1; half was given by spraying the plants and half by watering the media.  The results showed that eco-enzyme is effective and can potentially increase the growth and production of shallots and reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers N, P, and K by up to 50%. The eco-enzyme + 50% N, P, K fertilizer produced shallot with the highest number of leaves per bulb and clump, number of bulbs per clump, circumference of bulbs, weight per bulb, and weight of bulbs per clump.
The Role of Digital Marketing through Social Networks on the Sales of Agricultural Products in "Pajak Horas" Butar-butar, Diana Florenta; Barus, Ben Setiawan; Nasution, Nurhadida
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6541

Abstract

The agricultural and plantation business sectors face numerous challenges. Intense competition, fluctuating commodity prices, and changing government policies often hinder business actors from increasing their sales and business turnover. Every producer or seller must understand sales improvement strategies and product marketing. Business actors must be able to adapt their sales strategies in response to changing consumer behaviour. In today's digital era, innovative and effective marketing strategies are crucial for success in the agriculture and plantation businesses. With the development of digital technology, these entrepreneurs must keep up with the trend. This study explores whether digital marketing through social media platforms impacts agricultural product sales at the Pematangsiantar Traditional Market. The research method used was quantitative, where data were collected using questionnaires and analysed using SPSS. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to traditional Pematangsiantar "Pajak Horas" Market traders. A simple linear regression analysis revealed that digital marketing variables, especially those through social media, contributed positively and statistically significantly to sales results. This finding suggests that increasing digital marketing efforts will positively impact agricultural product sales at the Pematangsiantar "Pajak Horas" Market.
Utilization of Beauveria Bassiana Bals. -Criv. Fungus to Control Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei F.) Invitro Syahfitri, Windi Ely; Warsito, Kabul; Setiawan, Andi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6542

Abstract

Coffee (Coffea sp) is one of the most important plantation commodities in Indonesia, largely due to its considerable economic value. However, coffee production faces significant challenges from pests such as the coffee berry borer (PBKo) (Hypothenemus hampei F), which can cause severe damage to crops, with losses reaching up to 100%. Biological control agents, particularly the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, have gained increasing attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. While the efficacy of B. bassiana against H. hampei has been widely documented, most previous studies have primarily targeted the adult or larval stages, often overlooking the differences in susceptibility among the various metamorphosis phases. This study addresses this research gap by systematically evaluating the effectiveness of B. bassiana as a biological control agent against PBKo across each stage of the pest’s metamorphosis-egg, larva, pupa, and imago-under in vitro conditions. Using a controlled experimental design, we assessed mortality rates in each developmental phase after exposure to B. bassiana treatment. The findings of this study are expected to provide comprehensive insights into the phase-specific efficacy of B. bassiana, identifying which metamorphic stage is most vulnerable to fungal infection. This knowledge is anticipated to improve biological control strategies, ultimately supporting more targeted and sustainable integrated pest management practices for coffee plantations. These advancements can enhance coffee yields and quality while reducing reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.

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