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INDONESIA
Journal of Agriculture (JoA)
Published by Information Technology and Science
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28292421     DOI : 10.47709/joa
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
JoA aims publish primary research articles of current research topics from all over the world, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical journals. General review and short communication articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation, and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science including: Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Agroforestry; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Plant disease and protection; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economics of agriculture; Human research of agriculture JoA is published by Information Technology and Science (ITScience), a Research Institute in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 217 Documents
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Effect of Extraction Time on the Yield and Color Characteristics of White Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) Oleoresin Damanik, Annisa Purnamasari; Surya, Satria Adi; Mulianda, Pratiwi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6793

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of extraction time on the yield and color characteristics of white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) oleoresin using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method compared to conventional maceration. White pepper powder was extracted with 96% ethanol at four MAE durations (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes) under a maximum controlled temperature of 50 °C, with maceration for 420 minutes as control. Results showed that MAE at 120 minutes produced the highest yield (10.370%), followed by 90 minutes (9.457%), 30 minutes (8.760%), and 60 minutes (8.323%). Conventional maceration yielded 8.610%, which was lower than MAE at 30 and 90 minutes, indicating higher efficiency of MAE even at shorter durations. Color analysis using CIELAB and RGB systems revealed that MAE at 90–120 minutes yielded brighter oleoresin (L > 56) compared to maceration (L = 53.33), while chromatic values (a and b) remained stable. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between extraction time and yield (y = 0.1058x; R² = 0.8819), indicating that each additional minute increased yield by ~0.1058%. The findings suggest that MAE is a time-efficient method that enhances both yield and color quality of white pepper oleoresin, with optimal results obtained at 90–120 minutes.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Business Performance of SMEs Producing Keripik Balado in Bukittinggi City Ananda, Pinta Aftaprilia Rizki; Amir, Reza Mardhiyah
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6799

Abstract

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial in supporting regional economic growth, particularly in Bukittinggi City, which is widely recognized as a prominent tourist destination and a center for traditional West Sumatran snacks. Among the leading products produced in the region is keripik balado (spicy cassava chips), which has become an iconic commodity with high market demand. This study examines the entrepreneurial characteristics of keripik balado SME owners and their relationship with business performance. A mixed-method research design was adopted, employing purposive sampling to select 35 respondents from the city’s main sales center. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation with SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results reveal that specific entrepreneurial traits—namely hard work, innovativeness, and leadership—are significantly associated with business performance indicators, including sales volume, market expansion, and profitability. Conversely, self-confidence and independence did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with performance outcomes. These findings suggest that while multiple characteristics contribute to entrepreneurial success, certain traits exert a stronger influence. Therefore, strengthening these key attributes could be an effective strategy in SME development programs, particularly within the food industry sector in Bukittinggi and similar regional contexts.
Optimization of Lead Removal from Aquoeus Solution Using Iron Oxide-Modified Alumina Adsorbent Incorporating Sapodilla Leaf Extract Ulhusna, Annisa; Toemen, Susilawati; Salamun, Nurrulhidayah
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6800

Abstract

In this study, a novel adsorbent material, alumina beads modified with iron oxide and Sapodilla leaves extract (Fe/C/Al?O?), was successfully synthesized and evaluated for its efficiency in remediating lead [Pb (II)] ions from aqueous solutions. To determine the optimal removal conditions, the adsorption performance was investigated under varying operational parameters, including initial Pb (II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The best removal efficiency was achieved at an initial Pb (II) concentration of 60 mg L?¹, with an adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g and a contact time of 30 minutes, resulting in a high Pb (II) removal rate of 97.75%. Comprehensive characterization of the Fe/C/Al?O? adsorbent was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystalline structure, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis (NA) for surface area and porosity evaluation, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to observe surface morphology, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental composition analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups involved in adsorption. The adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of 4.23 mg g?¹. Kinetic studies revealed that the Pb (II) uptake process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. These findings highlight the potential application of Fe/C/Al?O? as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment.
Optimization of Drip Irrigation System to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Tomato Crop Productivity Mulianda, Pratiwi; Damanik, Annisa Purnamasari; Surya, Satria Adi
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6810

Abstract

This literature review explores the optimization of drip irrigation systems to improve water use efficiency (WUE) and tomato crop productivity, particularly under dryland conditions. Four key studies were analyzed, focusing on hydraulic performance, integrated technologies, and agronomic outcomes. Sharu and Razak (2020) demonstrated that hydraulic modeling using EPANET achieved excellent water emission uniformity (CU and EU > 95%) with potential for energy savings through optimized pump power. Nurazila and Anggraini (2022) reported that drip irrigation significantly enhanced vegetative growth and WUE compared to manual irrigation. Suvitha et al. (2021) highlighted that drip fertigation with medium frequency and high NPK dosage maximized yield and WUE in sandy soils. Ramakrishna et al. (2024) found that combining drip irrigation with black plastic mulch resulted in the highest plant growth, fruit yield, and WUE by reducing evaporation. Collectively, the findings confirm that integrating supporting technologies—such as hydraulic modeling, fertigation, and mulching—can significantly enhance drip irrigation efficiency, conserve water, and improve tomato productivity, offering strong potential for adoption in water-limited agricultural regions.
Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhazal Fungi on Chili Pepper Plants (Capsicum Frutescens) in Sarilamak Village, Harau District Hawari, Hawari; Yefriwati, Yefriwati; Darmansyah, Darmansyah; Ramadhano, Agung
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6813

Abstract

Chili pepper (Capsicum Frutescens) is one of the horticultural commodities that is in great demand and has economic value. The nutritional content of chili peppers includes fat, protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, and alkaloid compounds, namely flavonoids, capsaicin, oleoresin, and essential oils. Chili pepper production in Lima Puluh Kota Regency has decreased in the last five years; one of the causes is the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers. One technology that can improve soil quality and is also environmentally friendly is the use of biofertilizers, one of which is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). AMF are soil microorganisms that help in the nutrient cycle, the existence of mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and the roots of higher plants. However, the use of AMF in chili pepper plants, especially in Sarilamak Village, Harau District, has not been carried out, so research on the identification of AMF spores in chili pepper plants in Sarilamak Village is necessary. This research is the first identification of AMF diversity in Sarilamak Village. Soil samples were taken and observed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The types of AMF spores found were Acaulospora sp, Glomus sp, Gigaspora sp, and Scutellospora sp. The most common type of AMF found was Acaulospora sp with 101 spores and the least was Scutellospora sp with 11 spores. Acaulospora sp spores showed potential inoculum intended for cayenne pepper cultivation in Sarilamak.
Effect of Application Timing and Concentration of Biosaka on the Growth and Yield of Organic Lowland Rice Paulus, Jeanne Martje; Demmassabu, Langimanapa S; Najoan, Jemmy; Inkiriwang, Annatje E.B
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Research Articles July 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i02.6882

Abstract

To achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, organic-based rice cultivation techniques utilising local resources are gaining popularity. Biosaka, a plant extract solution, functions as an elicitor with the potential to increase plant productivity. This study aimed to analyse: (1) the single effect of Biosaka application time on the growth and production of lowland rice; (2) the single effect of Biosaka concentration on the growth and production of lowland rice; and (3) the interaction between application time and concentration in influencing the growth and production of lowland rice. The study was conducted in Taratara Dua Village, West Tomohon District, Tomohon City, from April to October 2024. This field study used IR-64 rice varieties and a randomised block design with two factors: application time (5, 10, and 15 days) and concentration (0, 30, and 60 ml/15 L). The variables measured included plant height, number of productive tillers, panicle length, and grain yield. The results showed no interaction between the two factors. Although the application time factor did not significantly affect any variables, the Biosaka concentration significantly affected the number of productive tillers, panicle length, the number of filled and empty grains, and the dry grain yield per plot. Interestingly, this study achieved the highest yield in the control treatment (0 ml/L), with a dry grain yield of 6.19 kg per plot. This indicates that the Biosaka application, at the concentration tested, did not increase rice yield in this study.
Effectiveness of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bamboo Roots on the Growth of Coconut Seedlings (Cocos nucifera L.) Salak Genjah Variety Paulus, Jeanne Martje; Runtunuwu, Stella; Rantung, Meity; Matana, Yulius
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Research Articles, November 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i03.6589

Abstract

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a highly valued agricultural commodity in Indonesia. The Salak Dwarf variety is particularly popular among farmers due to its short harvest period and high productivity. To further enhance its potential, the use of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being explored. PGPR are beneficial microorganisms that act as biofertilizers, improving plant growth through mechanisms such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of growth hormones. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PGPR derived from bamboo roots on the growth of Salak Dwarf coconut seedlings. The research also sought to determine the optimal PGPR concentration for maximizing seedling growth. The experiment was conducted at the BSIP Tanaman Palma in North Sulawesi from January to May 2024. A Randomised Block Design (RBD) was used, with six treatments and three replications, totaling 18 experimental units. The treatments included a control (P0) with no PGPR and five PGPR concentrations (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 ml/L). The key growth variables measured were plant height, leaf number, pseudo-stem girth, and leaf width. The results showed that bamboo root PGPR significantly influenced all measured growth parameters. The study concluded that the most effective concentration for promoting the growth of Salak Dwarf coconut seedlings was 60 mL/L. This finding highlights the potential of bamboo root PGPR as a natural, sustainable biostimulant to improve coconut cultivation.
How Indonesian Coconut Oil Competes in China: La/Aids Model Approach Fitri, Febti Aulia; Noval, Bahieddin
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Research Articles, November 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i03.6674

Abstract

Coconut oil is a promising commodity for Indonesia, with increasing global demand in the last decade. Indonesia must take advantage of this moment by increasing its competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of coconut oil exports relative to rival products in the Chinese market. The research uses secondary data from 1993 to 2022 and is analyzed using the LA/AIDS demand model. The findings indicate that Indonesian coconut oil has a 50% demand share and is the highest in the Chinese market. The elasticity of expenditure is 1.58 (E > 1), indicating it is elastic and of the best quality. According to the own-price elasticity, Indonesian coconut oil is negative (-1.532), so it is elastic and experiences a decrease in demand when the price increases. Meanwhile, the cross-price elasticity is positive, indicating that the relationship between Indonesian and Philippine coconut oil is substitutive or competitive. Indonesia and Malaysia show a complementary relationship. However, when viewed in reverse, it shows a substitution relationship. Based on this analysis, Indonesia has the opportunity to control the coconut oil trade in the Chinese market and potentially in other markets if it can optimize its competitiveness.
Effect of Sugar and Juice Concentration on Vitamin C Retention and Organoleptic of Tangerine (Citrus Reticulata) Powder Ahmad, Ilham; Jassin, Ernawati; Arisandi, Arwini; Mus, Rahmi; Makkulawu, Andi Ridwan
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Research Articles, November 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i03.6951

Abstract

Converting tangerine juice into powder via sucrose crystallization yields shelf?stable products with appealing flavor and nutrients. We examined the independent and interactive effects of sucrose and juice concentrations on physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance of Citrus reticulata powder. A 3×3 factorial design evaluated sucrose at 45, 55, and 65% and juice at 45, 55, and 65% (three replications). Processing included extraction and filtration, sucrose addition, controlled heating to supersaturation, crystallization during cooling, milling, and sieving. Moisture content, vitamin C (UV–Vis, 245 nm), and hedonic ratings for texture, aroma, color, and taste (nine?point scale; 30 panelists) were measured. ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test assessed treatment effects. Moisture was 2.04–3.07% across treatments and did not differ significantly (p=0.924), meeting the SNI specification for powdered beverages (<5%). Vitamin C differed significantly (p=0.006); the 45% sucrose level consistently produced the highest values (?42.9–43.8 mg/100 g). The A1B3 formulation (45% sucrose, 65% juice) combined high vitamin C (~43.2 mg/100 g) with acceptable moisture (3.07%) and the most preferred sensory profile. Patterns suggest that reducing sucrose limits thermal/Maillard losses of ascorbic acid, while very high sucrose lowers water activity and yields intermediate retention. Overall, sucrose crystallization produced shelf?stable powders with favorable reconstitution, nutritional, and liking properties. A low?sucrose, high?juice formula optimizes the balance of quality attributes, supporting use in instant citrus drinks and functional beverages.
Direct Utilization of Dry Goat Manure as Base Fertilizer on Dry Land for Eggplant Plants in Majene Regency Ilham, Ilham; Utami, Rahmawati Ning; Yanti, Nur Aida; Novitasari, Ervi; Rahman, Khaidir
Journal of Agriculture Vol. 4 No. 03 (2025): Research Articles, November 2025
Publisher : ITScience (Information Technology and Science)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/joa.v4i03.7067

Abstract

Majene Regency, West Sulawesi, is a region with dry agro-climate characteristics that are challenging for the growth of horticultural crops such as eggplant. The decline in eggplant productivity in West Sulawesi is suspected to be due to dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers that damage soil structure and are not adaptive to dry land conditions. Based on sustainable agriculture theory, dry goat manure is considered an alternative organic fertilizer rich in macronutrients and granular texture that supports soil aeration and drainage. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of direct use of dry goat manure as a base fertilizer to increase eggplant plant growth using a field experiment method consisting of five dry goat manure dosage treatments: K0 = Control, K1 = 208g/Polybag, K2 = 416g/Polybag, K3 = 624g/Polybag, K4 = 832g/Polybag. The results showed that the K3 treatment had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter compared to all other treatments. The novelty of the study lies in the approach of direct use of dry goat manure without a modern fermentation process, which is considered more practical and efficient for local farmers. This finding opens up opportunities for optimizing livestock waste as an environmentally friendly agricultural input, while also addressing agronomic challenges in dry land areas such as Majene. This study recommends the use of dry goat manure as a base fertilizer in horticultural cultivation in dry areas.

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