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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 29, No. 4" : 15 Documents clear
Some New Ecological Aspects of the Lesser Sunda Endemic Drepanosticta berlandi (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) Zulhariadi, Muhammad; Nugroho, Muhammad Setyo; Hidayani, Nurul
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Drepanosticta berlandi is an endemic damselfly in the Lesser Sunda region of Indonesia, which was first recorded on Lombok Island in the 19th century. Albeit recognized for a century, information on its ecology is still lacking; hence, this study aims to reveal its distribution and habitat preferences. The research was conducted at the Tibu Ijo Waterfall tourist area in West Lombok Regency using line transects combined with field survey in the Kekait River and on footpaths on both sides of the river. Vegetation density, topography, and land survey temperature (LST) were measured at the sampling area using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software. Other environmental parameters (air temperature and humidity, CO2 levels, light intensity, height, canopy cover, water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC)) were measured in situ. The results show that D. berlandi has a clumping distribution pattern in the elevation range of 60 to 220 m, preferring medium vegetation density and cool air temperatures (22–26 °C). Disturbances from human activities and environmental changes pose a significant threat to the D. berlandi population. Therefore, this species represents a bioindicator of environmental intactness, especially on the island of Lombok.
Enhanced Oviposition Preferences and Larval Performance of Hermetia illucens L. in Fruit Wastes Fermented by Effective Microorganisms Rahayu, Resti; Jannatan, Robby; Ronaldo, Muhamad; Muslima, Risa Ukhti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Organic waste comprises a considerable portion of global waste, requiring effective management. The ability of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) to convert organic waste into biomass has been well reported. However, bioconversion can be hindered by fiber-rich substrates, a challenge that can be addressed through substrate pretreatment. This study examined the oviposition preferences and larval performance of BSFs in several fruit wastes fermented by effective microorganisms (EMs), which were compared to non-fermented substrates. The oviposition attractants utilized pineapple peel and overripe soursop, with larval performance evaluated among different treatments, i.e., non-fermented pineapple peel (NFP), fermented pineapple peel (FP), non-fermented pineapple peel plus coconut endosperm waste (NFPC), and fermented pineapple peel plus coconut endosperm waste (FPC). Measured parameters included larval biomass, substrate consumption, the waste reduction index (WRI), and adult emergence. The result indicated that fermented pineapple peel produced the highest number of eggs among the oviposition attractant treatments. Larval biomass was highest in FP, while substrate consumption, WRI, and adult emergence rates were comparable between FP and FPC. Overall, the fermented substrates outperformed the non-fermented substrates across all parameters. These findings confirmed that fermentation with EMs enhances the utilization of fruit waste as an oviposition attractant and improves the performance of BSF bioconversion.
Computational Screening of Anticancer Peptides from Cordyceps militaris Targeting Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis Lim, Joanne; Chia, Adeline Yoke Yin; Chamyuang, Sunita; Quan, Tang Yin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Cancer remains a major global health issue, and current therapies often lack efficacy and have severe adverse effects. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their specific targeting mechanisms and minimal toxicity. This study aimed to identify novel ACPs from Cordyceps militaris through computational screening, evaluate their anticancer potential, predict their mechanisms of action through molecular docking, and analyze their pharmacokinetic profiles. Initially, 15 protein sequences from Cordyceps militaris were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and subjected to in silico gastrointestinal digestion using BIOPEP-UWM. The resulting peptides were subjected to predictive analysis via AntiCP2.0 and iACP-FSCM for their anticancer potential. The top 16 peptides were selected based on high prediction scores and subjected to molecular docking using HPEPDOCK and BIOVIA Discovery Studio against key cancer-related proteins, including anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (4B4S, 4AQ3), VEGFR2 kinase (3C7Q), and NF-κB (1SVC). The PATSW, SISVGW, and QCSEAGSSW peptides showed the strongest binding affinities, indicating potent anticancer activities. Pharmacokinetic prediction by ADMETlab 2.0 revealed favorable in vitro permeability but highlighted limitations in oral bioavailability, suggesting a requirement for further peptide modifications. Overall, this study identified promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics derived from C. militaris, supporting future experimental validations
Impact of Ethanol on the Evolution of One-Step Synthesized Gold Nanoplates and Nanostars and Their Effects on Raman Signal Enhancement Fania, Ananda; Sambudi, Nonni Soraya; Putri, Kirana Yuniati; Herbani, Yuliati; Hidayah, Affi Nur
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Gold nanoplates and nanostars were synthesized from a gold metal salt solution (HAuCl4) using a one-step synthesis method of ultraviolet C (UVC) light irradiation. The gold salt solution was mixed with ethanol in 6 mL with the following ratios: (1.5:4.5, 3:3, and 4.5:1.5), and subsequently irradiated with UVC light. Changes in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) shifts were observed in real time at 30-min intervals for 2 h. The synthesis process produces gold nanoplates. While gold nanostars were synthesized from a solution of gold salt combined with ethanol, ascorbic acid, and AgNO3, maintaining a consistent ratio of ion solution to ethanol similar to that of nanoplates and mixed with 50 μL of ascorbic acid and different concentrations of AgNO3 (10 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL), followed by UVC light irradiation. Changes in LSPR were also monitored in real time every 30 min for 2 h. The findings indicated that the optimal synthesis of gold nanoplates and nanostars occurred at a 3 mL:3 mL ratio of ion solution to ethanol, with the addition of 100 μL of AgNO3 for nanostars, as evidenced by the results of TEM characterization. Subsequently, gold nanoplates and nanostars were deposited onto silicon wafers with a volume of 1 mL and dried on a hot plate. They were then dropped with the paraquat pesticide analyte and analyzed using portable Raman spectroscopy at a wavelength of 785 nm. This result demonstrates that gold nanostars enhanced the Raman signal more significantly than gold nanoplates. This study is beneficial for creating an efficient and rapid detection method for the pesticide paraquat, which remains prevalent in Indonesia despite being prohibited in other nations. The quality of nanoparticles, such as gold nanostars, which have strong plasmonic properties and can enhance the sensitivity of the Raman signal, significantly affects the detection of analytes using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, thereby facilitating an easier and rapid detection process for paraquat pesticides
Enzyme-Free Colorimetric Sensing of Glucose using Silver Nanoparticles with a Green Stabilizing Agent from Capsicum chinense Jacq Extract Putra, Boyfannie Ivan; Sulistyarti, Hermin; Utama, Muhammad Mashuri; Haryanto, Aura Ananda; Retnowati, Rurini; Rafi, Mohamad; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global health issue characterized by abnormal glucose levels in the human body. DM diagnostics are often based on invasive sampling from blood, which poses a potential risk of infection and tissue damage. Therefore, a non-enzymatic and non-invasive method for glucose monitoring is demanded as a simple alternative to glucose detection in urine samples. In this work, enzyme-free glucose determination is based on the formation of silver nanoparticles stabilized by Capsicum chinense Jacq extract (CCJ-AgNPs). Under alkaline conditions, glucose functions as a reducing agent for silver ions, and the extract acts as a stabilizer to prevent agglomeration. The effect of reaction time, extract concentration, NaOH concentration, and AgNO3 concentration was studied to determine the optimum conditions for glucose sensing (reaction time: 5 min, extract volume: 2 mL, NaOH concentration: 0.05 M, and AgNO3 concentration: 0.2 mM). The linearity of glucose determination was obtained from 0 to 900 mg/L with LOD and LOQ of 1 and 5 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method demonstrated good selectivity against citric acid, NH4Cl, NaCl, H2PO4, and urea at a concentration of 100 mg/L, with good accuracy for the recovery test, ranging from 93.7% to 101.8%. This method can serve as an alternative approach for simple, non-invasive, and non-toxic glucose monitoring in human urine with high sensitivity and specificity.
Characterization of Aluminum Black Dross Leachate from the Tertiary Smelting Industry in Jombang, East Java Lukita, Maya; Riani, Etty; Ismail, Ahyar; Abidin, Zaenal
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Aluminum black dross is a type of hazardous waste because it readily reacts with water to produce gas. Previous studies have reported the potential dangers of aluminum black dross to humans and the environment. This study examined the characteristics of aluminum black dross from Jombang Regency, East Java Province. The properties investigated included the volume of gas produced during leaching, the solubility of salts and aluminum under various conditions, and the mineral characteristics analyzed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Notably, 115 mL of gas was produced from each 0.5 g of aluminum black dross that reacted with water, and the gas was identified as a mixture of hydrogen, methane, and ammonia. Alkaline conditions (pH = 10) during the leaching process were optimal for both gas production and aluminum solubility. The highest amount of dissolved salts was observed under acidic leaching conditions. The nitride phase, responsible for producing corrosive ammonia, was detected via FTIR and XRD analyses. Aluminum black dross is significant as an alumina-based material owing to its high Al2O3 content, which increases after leaching, as demonstrated via XRF measurements. This study provides an alternative leaching process for aluminum black dross based on the gases produced and the residue generated. This study presents the characterization of aluminum black dross as hazardous waste due to its emission of gases harmful to human health and the environment. The results highlight the urgent need for implementing safe handling and management practices for aluminum black dross to minimize potential risks
The Relationship Between Reef Fish and Coverage of Coral and Turf Algae in Coral Reef Ecosystems of Biak Island, Papua Aji, Ludi Parwadani; Putra, Risandi Dwirama; Abrar, Muhammad; Siringoringo, Rikoh Manogar; Giyanto, Giyanto
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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In this study, we examine the influence of benthic coverage on fish diversity in coral reef ecosystems. Benthic and reef fish community surveys were conducted at 14 sites using underwater photographic transect and underwater visual census methods, respectively. Coral cover (26.1%) was found to be lower than turf algae cover (42.1%). A total of 56 fish species, comprised of 14 carnivores, 21 corallivores, and 21 herbivores, were recorded. The most widely distributed carnivore and herbivore species were Lethrinus harak and Ctenochaetus striatus, respectively. Two species of butterflyfish, Chaetodon citrinellus and Chaetodon trifasciatus, were the most widely distributed species among corallivores. The number of herbivorous fish species was correlated with coral cover, but not turf algae cover. In contrast, no correlation was observed between the diversity of corallivorous and carnivorous fish and the coverage values of the two benthic groups (coral and turf algae). Despite this, a pattern was observed in which areas with higher coral cover had more corallivorous and carnivorous fish species, while sites with higher turf algae cover had fewer of these fish species. Reef fish distribution depends on live coral, which are the primary habitat-forming organisms on coral reefs. Coral and reef fish are essential in maintaining ecological functions and shaping reef ecosystems.
Fast Dispersion-Curve Inversion using Automatic Differentiation Gradient-Based Calculation Irnaka, Theodosius Marwan; Hartantyo, Eddy
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Surface wave inversion is a crucial technique in geophysics for subsurface imaging. However, traditional methods can be computationally intensive, especially for complex models. This study introduces automatic differentiation (AD) as an efficient alternative to finite difference (FD) methods for gradient calculation in surface wave inversion. We compare AD and FD methods using three synthetic examples of varying complexity. Our results demonstrate that AD is significantly faster, with speed improvements of 3 to 12 times over FD, depending on model complexity. Moreover, AD requires up to 3 times less memory than FD. In terms of accuracy, AD provides gradient calculations that are exact up to machine precision, while FD is subject to truncation errors. This improved accuracy translates to more reliable inversion results, particularly for complex models. The efficiency and accuracy gains of AD are especially beneficial for gradient-based inversion methods in geophysics, where computational resources often limit the scale and complexity of problems that can be addressed. Our findings suggest that integrating AD into gradient-based inversion methods could significantly enhance subsurface imaging techniques across various geophysical applications.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Graphene Oxide/PEDOT:PSS Composite Decorated with Bimetallic Gold–Silver Nanoparticles for H2O2 Detection Hidayat, Rayyan Azzahra; Putra, Budi Riza; Khalil, Munawar; Wahyuni, Wulan Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a biomarker that indicates oxidative stress levels in the human body; thus, rapid and accurate detection methods are necessary to diagnose various disorders. This study developed a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for detecting H2O2 using bimetallic gold–silver nanoparticles (Au–Ag NPs) combined with graphene oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)-modified glassy carbon electrode. The surface properties of the modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The bimetallic Au-Ag NP-modified electrodes exhibited a higher current response to H2O2 than their monometallic counterparts. The sensor demonstrated a linear response at the H2O2 concentration of 75–200 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.0407 μA μM⁻¹ and a detection limit of 25 μM. Moreover, the modified electrodes demonstrated excellent selectivity for H2O2 and high repeatability of measurements (relative standard deviation < 5%). The detection of H2O2 levels in synthetic urine samples yielded results that were not significantly different from those obtained by the spectrophotometry method, indicating the potential of the developed sensor for clinical applications.
In Silico Target Identification for Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Oil Palm Leaves Extract after Biotransformation Process Permatasari, Galuh; Kresnawaty, Irma; Aksa, Annisa Aulia; Santoso, Djoko; Widodo, Widodo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 4
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Oil palm leaf extract (OPLE) contains abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential; however, its pharmacological applications remain underexplored. This study aimed to optimize the enrichment process of OPLE and characterize its bioactive compounds using integrated in vitro and in silico approaches. The extraction was optimized by incorporating trichloroacetic acid and extending the incubation time to 48 h, resulting in significantly increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared with the control. LC–MS/MS profiling identified 14 flavonoid compounds with diverse biological functions. Among these, Rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and Nelumboroside A exhibited the strongest antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, while Baicalein-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside demonstrated relatively higher anti-inflammatory potential. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed Luteolin as the most promising multifunctional compound, exhibiting stable binding affinities toward LOX5 (−7.5 kcal/mol) and COX2 (−9.6 kcal/mol) targets, with comparable binding residues to the control ligand, Celecoxib. Root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation analyses confirmed the stability of the COX2–Luteolin complex, indicating reliable protein–ligand interaction. Furthermore, ADME predictions supported Luteolin’s favorable pharmacokinetic profile, including optimal lipophilicity (logP 0.19) and acceptable oral absorption. Collectively, these results demonstrate the successful optimization of OPLE enrichment and provide molecular-level evidence of its bioactivity. Luteolin emerged as a potential lead compound with balanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study highlights the high biopharmaceutical value of oil palm leaves as a sustainable source of natural therapeutics, promoting their use beyond agricultural waste.

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