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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Production of Adipic Acid from Mixtures of Cyclohexanol-Cyclohexanone using Polyoxometalate Catalysts Lesbani, Aldes; Sumiati,; Mardiyanto,; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Mohadi, Risfidian
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Adipic acid production through catalytic conversion of cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone using polyoxometalate H5[a-BW12O40] and H4[a-SiW12O40] as catalysts was carried out systematically. Polyoxometalates H5[a-BW12O40] and H4[a-SiW12O40] were synthesized using an inorganic synthesis method and were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Adipic acid was formed from conversion of cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone and was characterized by using melting point measurement, identification of functional group using FTIR spectrophotometer, analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectrophotometer. This research investigated the influence of reaction time and temperature on the conversion. The results showed that adipic acid was formed successfully with a yield of 68% by using H5[a-BW12O40] as the catalyst with a melting point of 150-152 °C after optimization. In contrast, using H4[a-SiW12O40] as the catalyst, the formation was only 3.7%. Investigation of time and temperature showed 9 h as the optimum reaction time and 90 °C as the optimum temperature for conversion of up to 68%. Identification using FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR showed that the adipic acid from conversion of cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone was in agreement with the standard adipic acid data in the literatures. GC-MS analysis indicated that several by-products were formed in conversion of cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone using H5[a-BW12O40] and H4[a-SiW12O40] as the catalysts.
Synthesis of Polyclonal Antibodies against Aflatoxin B1 Wicaksono, Wiyogo Prio; Permana, Deni Samsudin; Maryam, Romsyah; Einaga, Yasuaki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Abstract

Polyclonal antibodies of aflatoxin B1 were successfully produced from New Zealand White female rabbits after immunization by the hapten of aflatoxin B1-carboxymethyl hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (AFB1-CMO) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the antigen. The hapten was synthesized using the carbodiimide method with CMO as a linker. Absorption peaks at 362, 264, and 218 nm were observed as a result of characterization with UV-Vis spectroscopy, while IR spectroscopy showed peaks at 3448 cm-1 and 1642 cm-1 attributable to the hydroxyl and nitrile groups, respectively. Furthermore, mass spectrometry showed fragmentation at the m/z of 386, 368.2, and 310, which confirms that the hapten of AFB1-CMO was successfully synthesized. The hapten was then conjugated with BSA to serve as an antigen of AFB1 when it was injected into the rabbits. The specificity of the antigen towards its antibody and the confirmation of hapten-BSA conjugation were characterized using the dot blot immunoassay, which showed a BSA concentration of 1.74 mg/mL. Two weeks after the primary immunization by its antigen, agar gel precipitation testing showed that the rabbit blood serum had positive results for polyclonal antibodiest against AFB1 with the highest concentration of antibodiest of 2.19 mg/mL.
Identification and Bioactivity Studies of Flavonoid Compounds from Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull.Arg Megawati,; Saepudin, Endang; Hanafi, Muhammad; Darmawan, Akhmad; Lotulung, Puspa Dewi N.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Abstract

Two flavonoid compounds, 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6-geranylflavonol (1) and kaempferol 7-O-β-glucose (2) have been isolated from the leaves of Macaranga hispida (Blume), Mull.Arg. Isolation and purification were conducted by chromatography methods and chemical structure characterization was carried out by spectroscopic methods. The 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydrxyi-6-geranyl flavonol (1) and kaempferol 7-O-glucose (2) had moderate cytotoxic activity against murine leukemia P-388 cell lines with IC50 value of 0.22 and 101.5 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 for antioxidant activities of (1) and (2) were 2.83 and 13.95 μg/mL, respectively. The LC50 of (1) and (2) from BSLT were 350 and >1000 μg/mL, respectively.
Application of Equivalent Circuit Models to Monitor the Degradation of Organic Photovoltaic Cells Sesa, Elisa; Ulum, Muhammad Syahrul; Darwis, Darmawati; Sulaiman, Kasman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Abstract

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have lower efficiency, shorter lifetimes, faster degradation, and poorer stability than inorganic photovoltaics (IPV) in ambient conditions. In this paper, the equivalent electrical circuit of a two-diode model effectively extracts the model-fit electrical photovoltaic (PV) parameters from degraded OPV devices, especially the series (Rs) and shunt (Rsh) resistances. The result shows a better correlation between the resistances of the devices and performance of the devices over the degradation process where the devices are deliberately exposed to ambient conditions under constant illumination. The degradation of the devices is mostly caused by the degradation of the aluminum (Al) electrode from water and oxygen, which correlates to the Rs. However, it is possible that the degradation of the bulk active layer can also occur due to the constant illumination on the device, which causes a reduction of photocurrent.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mannan from Konjac (Amorphophallus sp.) Using Mannanase from Streptomyces lipmanii to Produce Manno-oligosaccharides Sasongko, Ashadi; Yopi,; Rahmani, Nanik; Lisdiyanti, Puspita; Saepudin, Endang
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Abstract

Mannan is an abundant polysaccharide that can be found in konjac (Amorphophallus sp.). Mannan can be enzymatically hydrolyzed using mannanase to produce manno-oligosaccharides which can be used as a prebiotic. The aims of this research are to determine the production time of mannanase from Streptomyces lipmanii, perform enzyme characterization, optimize the hydrolysis time, and characterize the hydrolysis product. A qualitative assay using the indicator Congo red showed that S. lipmanii generated a clear zone, indicating that S. lipmanii produced mannanase in konjac medium and possessed mannanolytic activity. Enzyme activity was determined through reducing sugar measurement using the dinitrosalycylic acid method, and optimum enzyme production was achieved at the second day of culture. Characterization of the enzyme showed that hydrolysis was optimum at pH 7 and at a temperature of 50 oC. The reducing sugar content was increased by an increasing the hydrolysis time, and reached an optimum time at 2 h. The degree of polymerization value of three was achieved after 2 h hydrolysis of mannan from konjac, indicating the formation of oligosaccharides. Analysis by thin layer chromatography using butanol, acetic acid, and water in a ratio of 2:1:1 as eluent showed the presence of compounds with a retention time between those of mannose and mannotetrose. Confirmation was also performed by HPLC, based on the retention time.
Transformation of Inhibitor of Meristem Activity (IMA) Gene into Jatropha curcas L. Paserang, Asri Pirade; Tjahjoleksono, Aris; Widyastuti, Utut; Suharsono,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Jatropha is one of the many biodiesel plants developed in tropical countries. Efforts to increase its productivity can be done using various methods of breeding. One of the breeding methods is the introduction of genes into the Jatropha plant. The aim of this study is to assess the success of genetic transformation using the Inhibitor of Meristem Activity (IMA) gene in Jatropha curcas. The research procedures included inoculation of explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, callus induction, screening test of selection media, regeneration, and gene expression analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). IMA is one of the genes that controls flowering genes and ovule development. It was first isolated from tomato plants and has been successfully overexpressed in these plants using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. In this experiment, plant transformation was performed on J. curcas as the target. Explant callus formation in both the control and treated samples was good, but shoot formation decreased dramatically in the treated explants. PCR analysis indicated that IMA genes can be inserted into J. curcas with the size of the IMA gene is 500 bp.
Genetic Diversity of Indonesian Bacterial Leaf Blight Isolate (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) Core Collection based on the VNTR and avrXa7 Molecular Markers Yuriyah, Siti; Utami, Dwinita Wikan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 3
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Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major diseases in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This study aimed to identify and analyze the genetic diversity of 18 BLB isolates that consist of 7 races and 11 haplotypes from various locations in Indonesia. The genetic diversity analysis was conducted on the basis of the VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) markers and the avrxa7 gene marker. The banding pattern of the amplification product was made into binary data as input for the construction of a dendogram. Based on the dendogram, three X. oryzae pv. oryzae genotype groups with different virulence levels were formed. The VII (IXO80_021) race of X. oryzae pv. oryzae genotype group I and the VIII-A (IXO 80_024) race of genotype group II were avirulent, whereas the races and haplotypes of genotype group III were virulent.
Flavonoid Compounds from the Bark of Aglaia eximia (Meliaceae) Sianturi, Julinton; Purnamasari, Mayshah; Mayanti, Tri; Harneti, Desi; Supratman, Unang; Awang, Khalijah; Hayashi, Hideo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 1
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Three flavonoid compounds, kaempferol (1), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (2), and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-α-L-rhamnoside (3), were isolated from the bark of Aglaia eximia (Meliaceae). The chemical structures of compounds 1–3 were identified with spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT 135°, HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H-COSY NMR), and MS, as well as a compared with previously reported spectra data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against P-388 murine leukemia cells. Compounds 1–3 showed cytotoxicity against P-388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values of 1.22, 42.92, and >100 mg/mL, respectively
The Use of TiO2-SiO2 in Photocatalytic Process to Degrade Toxic and Dangerous Waste Destiarti, Lia; Tjokronegoro, Roekmiati; Rakhmawaty, Diana; Rudiyansyah,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 1
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This study was conducted to investigate the use of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 (TiO2-SiO2) in a photocatalytic process to degrade toxic industrial waste, phenol, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and Cr(VI), which is dangerous for humans and the environment. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), as a photocatalyst, can make the solution become turbid. Thus, TiO2-SiO2 was used to increase the possibility of ultraviolet (UV) transmission. The phenol and LAS levels were measured with the Indonesian National Standard (INS) while the Cr(VI) level was determined with the colorimetric method. The activity test for the catalyst in suspension and immobilization against phenol showed that TiO2-SiO2 was more active than TiO2. By using the photocatalytic process with the TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst for 8 h, degradation of phenol and LAS reached 50% as a single compound and 12% as a mixture. However, TiO2-SiO2 did not decrease Cr(VI)
Isolation of Asphaltene-Degrading Bacteria from Sludge Oil Aditiawati, Pingkan; Kamarisima,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 1
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Sludge oil contains 30%–50% hydrocarbon fractions that comprise saturated fractions, aromatics, resins, and asphaltene. Asphaltene fraction is the most persistent fraction. In this research, the indigenous bacteria that can degrade asphaltene fractions from a sludge oil sample from Balikpapan that was isolated using BHMS medium (Bushnell-Hass Mineral Salt) with 0.01% (w/v) yeast extract, 2% (w/v) asphaltene extract, and 2% (w/v) sludge oil. The ability of the four isolates to degrade asphaltene fractions was conducted by the biodegradation asphaltene fractions test using liquid cultures in a BHMS medium with 0.01% (w/v) yeast extract and 2% (w/v) asphaltene extract as a carbon source. The parameters measured during the process of biodegradation of asphaltene fractions include the quantification of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (g), log total number of bacteria (CFU/ml), and pH. There are four bacteria (isolates 1, 2, 3, and 4) that have been characterized to degrade asphaltic fraction and have been identified as Bacillus sp. Lysinibacillus fusiformes, Acinetobacter sp., and Mycobacterium sp., respectively. The results showed that the highest ability to degrade asphaltene fractions is that of Bacillus sp. (isolate 1) and Lysinibacillus fusiformes (Isolate 2), with biodegradation percentages of asphaltene fractions being 50% and 55%, respectively, and growth rate at the exponential phase is 7.17x107 CFU/mL.days and 4.21x107 CFU/mL.days, respectively.

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