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INDONESIA
MEDICINUS
Published by PT Dexa Medica
ISSN : 1979391X     EISSN : 29638399     DOI : 10.56951
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Tujuan penerbitan jurnal Medicinus adalah untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan menambah khasanah pengetahuan para praktisi medis dan farmasis di bidang kedokteran dan kefarmasian. Ruang lingkup dari jurnal ilmiah ini adalah publikasi artikel-artikel ilmiah yang bisa disajikan dalam bentuk penelitian (research), laporan kasus (case report), teknologi dan klinis kefarmasian, serta ulasan literatur medis.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 179 Documents
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Inflamasi dalam Patologi Penyaki Alzheimer Jan S. Purba
MEDICINUS Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (275.787 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.70

Abstract

The worldwide incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 2006 was estimated to be 26.6 million; and is expected to quadruple by 2050 because of the increasing life expectancy in many countries. The main cause of AD is generally attributed to increased production and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), in association with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation and synaptic degeneration. Increased levels of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines, and the activation of complement cascade that occurs in the brains of AD patients contributes to local inflammatory response triggered by amyloid plaque. The same type of amyloid beta proteins which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's when found in the brain are also found in the lens and ocular fluid. These proteins produce an unusual type of cataract in a different part of the eye than common cataracts. Studies showed that after the release of Aβ, synaptic activity in the neurons is increased through a positive feedback loop, and disrupting this positive feedback loop might be the key for the prevention of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's. Epidemiological findings show reduced prevalence of AD upon long-term medication with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). On the other hand, neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in AD-induced neuroinflammation and in this regard, future therapy may focus on their specific targeting in the AD brain.
Tata Laksana Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease dalam Masa Pandemi Covid Surya, Haryanto
MEDICINUS Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.549 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.71

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) merupakan gejala atau komplikasi dari aliran balik isi lambung ke arah esofagus sampai ke rongga mulut, dan dapat juga mengiritasi saluran pernapasan. Tingkat keparahan dari GERD ditentukan oleh durasi paparan esofagus dan organ lainnya oleh asam lambung. Durasi paparan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan pengosongan esofagus. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) masih dianggap sebagai terapi empiris yang superior dibandingkan terapi lain untuk mengatasi gejala GERD. Terdapat beberapa isu terkait penggunaan PPI yang menyebabkan kekhawatiran dalam pemberian terapi PPI di masa pandemi Covid-19, seperti yang menyatakan bahwa penggunaan PPI berisiko meningkatkan keparahan pneumonia, berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya secondary infection, hingga terjadinya ARDS. Sejauh terapi dengan PPI telah dinilai dengan saksama melalui penilaian risiko yang menyeluruh, penggunaan PPI selama masa pandemi Covid-19 dapat dilakukan pada indikasi yang sesuai menggunakan dosis efektif terendah untuk mencapai kontrol pH lambung dan kualitas hidup yang baik pada penderita GERD.
Granulomatosis Wegener dengan Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Negatif pada Laki-laki Usia 38 Tahun Achmad Satya Negara; Harijono Kariosentono; Endra Yustin Elistasari
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (313.981 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.72

Abstract

Background : Wegener’s granulomatosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis, which affects small- and medium-sized blood vessels. This disease is often associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Etiology of Wegener’s granulomatosis may originate from infectious, environmental, chemical, toxic or pharmacological triggers in people who are genetically predisposed to this autoimmune disease. The disease can present with nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, and weight loss. Skin manifestations of Wegener’s granulomatosis includes leukocytoclastic vasculitis, purpura, ulcer and subcutaneus nodul. It also known could affect different organs. Case: A 38-year-old man came with a chief complaint of erythematous patches and stiffness on his face, body, arms and legs. The dermatological status showed a saddle nose and discrete multiple purpura on the superior and inferior extremities. ANCA examination result was negative. Histopathological examination of the epidermal layer showed dense proliferation of lymphocyte cells, perivascular infiltrates and a few neutrophil cells. In the dermis layer, there were granulomas consisting of many epitheloid histiocytes and foamy macrophages also damaged blood vessels with neutrophil infiltration on the walls and erythrocyte extravasation. Discussion: Wegener’s granulomatosis is a rare autoimmune disease of localized granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract and systemic vasculitis associated with ANCA. Symptoms that arise in Wegener’s granulomatosis are often mild at first, but may progress to a more severe clinical features. A negative ANCA examination cannot immediately rule out the diagnosis. Initial therapy for Wegener’s granulomatosis are cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids for 3-6 months. Patient showed clinical improvement with the reduction of purpura throughout the body after five weeks treatment.
Pengaruh Astaxantine Oral terhadap Kadar Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha pada Pasien Akne Vulgaris-lores Reti Anggraeni; Niluh Widjayanti; Harijono Kariosentono; Indah Julianto; Endra Yustin; Muhammad Eko Irawanto; Prasetyadi Mawardi
MEDICINUS Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (275.412 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.73

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is chronic inflammatory disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit manifested as closed and open comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Treatment of AV generally involves more than one drug due to multifactorial pathogenesis. Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of 4 mg oral astaxanthin as an adjuvant AV therapy in decreasing serum level of inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Method: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Subjects were 34 patients with mild and moderate AV (Global Acne Grading System/GAGS 1-30) that were treated with combination of tretinoin 0.025% and clindamycin phosphate 1.2%. Astaxanthin was added to the treatment group and lactulose as placebo was added to the control groups, given for 4 weeks. The pretest and posttest results in both groups were analyzed statistically using nonparametric test. Results: Decrease in TNF-α serum levels occurred in both groups but significant difference compared to baseline were only found in treatment group (p=0.015). There was no significant difference in the reduction of TNF-α levels between both groups (p=0.459). Conclusion: Although the results did not show a significant difference overall, but in the treatment group, astaxanthin can significantly lower TNF-α serum levels compared to baseline.
Analisis In Silico pada VCO untuk Terapi Dermatitis Atopik Mardiana; Primadhanty B; Adniana N; Halim PK; Didik H. Utomo; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Suci Widhiati
MEDICINUS Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (336.324 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v33i3.74

Abstract

Introduction: In silico analysis is used in the early stages of drug discovery to speed the rate of discovery that is considered cost and time-efficient. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a treatment option for atopic dermatitis because it has function to repair skin barrier and as anti-inflammation. Objective: To evaluate the VCO content using computational in silico analysis for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Methods: The active compounds of Cocos nucifera extracted from KNApSAcK database were predicted experimentally and analyzed computationally using Simple Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES), Prediction of Activity Spectra for biologically active Substances (PASS) server, and Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH). Results: There are 19 active compounds found in VCO. The analysis shows that VCO has free fatty acid (FFA) protein which acts as a receptor for long and medium chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The highest potential bioactivity of active VCO compounds was as antieczema, with the most important component was linoleic acid, with an average value of probable to be active (Pa) = 0.872, predicted to be highly potential in computational and laboratory tests. Conclusion: Based on this study, we recommend the use of VCO as treatment for atopic dermatitis because VCO has anti-inflammatory potential bioactivity, histamine inhibitor, improves skin barrier function and antieczema which could improve the outcome of atopic dermatitis.
Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia Nina Widyasari
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (165.703 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.75

Abstract

Prevalensi penyakit tidak menular (PTM) semakin meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang menjadi masalah serius dan termasuk dalam sepuluh penyakit kronis dengan angka kejadian tertinggi di Amerika. Umumnya hipertensi terjadi pada orang dengan usia lanjut, namun data menunjukkan bahwa hipertensi juga dapat muncul sejak remaja. Sayangnya, remaja pada umumnya tidak menyadari bahwa mereka menderita hipertensi, sehingga berpeluang menjadi masalah serius di kemudian hari, serta dapat berlanjut hingga usia dewasa dan berdampak pada peningkatan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas. Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini adalah menganalisis berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian hipertensi pada remaja di Indonesia. Artikel-artikel yang diperoleh melalui mesin pencari merupakan artikel penelitian cross-sectional dengan responden berusia antara 11–19 tahun dan area penelitian di Indonesia. Kriteria inklusi artikel yang dipilih adalah subjek remaja dengan hipertensi atau ancaman hipertensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada remaja di Indonesia, antara lain kualitas tidur, indeks massa tubuh terhadap usia (IMT/U), pola asupan gizi, merokok, aktifitas fisik, serta riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga. Remaja dengan kualitas tidur buruk memiliki risiko hipertensi 4,1 kali lebih besar, IMT/U yang tinggi memiliki risiko hipertensi sebesar 4,85 kali, merokok memiliki potensi hipertensi di masa yang akan datang, sementara remaja dengan riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga memiliki risiko hipertensi sebesar 3,9 kali. IMT/U merupakan faktor dominan terhadap risiko hipertensi pada remaja. Deteksi dini hipertensi pada remaja perlu diperhatikan guna mencegah risiko penyakit kardiovaskular yang tidak diinginkan.
Terapi Probiotik pada Akne Vulgaris Reti Anggraeni; Arie Kusumawardani
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (224.003 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.76

Abstract

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin chronic inflammatory disease that affects pilosebaceous unit and results in non-inflammatory abnormalities in the form of open comedones (blackhead) and closed comedones (whitehead) and also inflammatory lesions such as papules, pustules and nodules. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AV including skin microbiomes like Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Malassezia spp. which is associated through its effect on sebum secretion, comedones formation and inflammatory response. Antibiotic therapy with the target of P. acnes has long been the mainstay of AV therapy where it can actually affect the composition of skin microbiomes. As antibiotic resistance increases, knowledge of skin microbiomes associated with AV becomes very relevant and important to be an alternative basis for AV alternative therapy.
Tata Laksana Terkini untuk Endometriosis Binarwan Halim; Timothy Adiwinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (214.503 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i3.77

Abstract

Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that is often found among women in reproductive age with 10% of incidence. There are many theories regarding development of endometriosis, and to date the etiopathogenesis of this disease is still controversial. Understanding the various pathogenesis of endometriosis is important for the management of endometriosis. The current management of endometriosis is still focused on the main symptoms experienced by the patients, such as pain and infertility. A number of therapeutic approaches have been developed based on the pathogenesis of endometriosis, in terms of immunological, angiogenic, hormonal, genetic, local neurogenesis, and central sensitization aspects. However, the ideal and curative treatment for endometriosis has not been found.
Hubungan Lama Rawat Inap dengan Kejadian Depresi pada Anak Usia 10–18 Tahun yang Dirawat di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Rika Hapsari; Mira Irmawati; Ahmad Suryawan; Irwanto
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.655 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i3.78

Abstract

Background: Depression can occur in children with chronic disease who are hospitalized. Prolonged hospitalization correlates with higher prevalence of depression that may affect clinical outcome. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between length of hospitalization and depression in children with chronic disease. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, from January to March 2019. Children ages 10-18 years with chronic diseases such as oncology hematology, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease hospitalized for ≥7 days were screened for depression. Children with a history of previous depression or other mental illnesses were excluded. Depression was evaluated using the Children’s Depression Ratting Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) questionnaire. Statistical analysis using comparative test and correlation test with p value <0.05. Results: A total of 58 children were treated in the pediatric ward Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, 50 met the inclusion criteria and 8 were excluded. Subjects consist of 27(54%) boys and 23(46%) girls. The mean age was 11.8±0.39 years. The average duration of treatment was 16±1.6 days. Depression screening found 39(78%) children with varying degrees of depression, 17(34%) moderate depression and 22(44%) severe depression with an average CDRS-R score of 45.2±2.3. The results showed 65.5% of children who were hospitalized for 7-14 days and 95.2% of children who were hospitalized for more than 14 days had depression (OR value=10.52; 95% CI; 1.227-90.311; p = 0.016). Correlation test results between the length of stay and CDRS-R score (r=0.502, p<0.001). Conclusion: Children with chronic disease who are hospitalized more than 7 days have higher risk of depression.
Familial Erythema Annulare Centrifugum pada Anak Berusia 9 Tahun Achmad Satya Negara; Endra Yustin Elistasari
MEDICINUS Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (254.845 KB) | DOI: 10.56951/medicinus.v34i3.80

Abstract

Background: Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by erythematous papule which slowly migrates and peripherally enlarges into polycyclic lesion with central clearing that usually involves thigh and legs area. The etiology is unclear, but presumabley related with medication history, infection, malignancy, and stress. The diagnosis of EAC is based on clinical manifestations and histopathological examination. Histopathologically, EAC can be divided into superficial and deep type. Pathognomonic signs include coat sleeve and trailing scale. Symptomatic treatment of EAC may involve topical corticosteroid, topical vitamin D analog, and antihistamine. Case: A 9-year-old boy came with a complaint of erythematous patches on his face and body. Histopathological biopsy showed showed a mild appearance of hyperkeratosis and spongiosis at the epidermis, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate at the dermis. Based on these findings, patient was diagnosed with erythema annulare centrifugum. We gave antihistamine and topical corticosteroid to treat his condition. Discussion: Erythema annular centrifugum is a rare skin condition, with most cases is idiopathic. Histopathological biopsy can be used to help establish the diagnosis of EAC. Topical & systemic corticosteroid is the first-line therapy of idiopathic EAC, but administration of empirical therapy using antibiotics or antifungals may also be considered.

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