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Global Focus
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 27234215     EISSN : 27769399     DOI : 10.21776/ub.jgf
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Global Focus is a bilingual peer-reviewed journal that issues bi-annually in April and October. The Journal is managed and published by the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya. Global Focus is an interdisciplinary journal that welcomes manuscripts of original empirical, analytic, and theoretical global studies. The purpose of Global Focus is to provide readers a broad, complex, and dynamic process of interactive decision-making that is continually evolving and responding to global political changes. The particular topics relevant to this Journal are international security, global political economy, global ethics and culture, transnational issues, and other related sub-fields. The Journal focuses on these main themes: - The rising of transnational actors/issues within global politics; - The alternative and beyond states perspective, and; - The interplay of global-local/international-domestic.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 84 Documents
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Sea Shepherd's Strategic Opposition to Legalized Seal Hunting in Canada Mulia, Anggarani
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.01.2

Abstract

Seal hunting has been practiced by the Inuit people for centuries as a means of survival in icy regions with limited natural resources. The Inuit hunt seals because every part of the animal provides numerous benefits. Over time, seal hunting was also adopted by fishermen along the Canadian coast. The reason for this hunting, as carried out by the fishermen, was to preserve the hunting culture of the Inuit. However, the purpose of hunting shifted from subsistence to commercial aims. As the revenue generated from the sale of seal hunting products contributed significantly to Canada’s income, the Canadian government legalized seal hunting, which subsequently led to large-scale hunting. The legalization caused environmental crimes, as the number of hunted seals exceeded the quotass set by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), and the hunting methods were often brutal. Consequently, Canada came under scrunity from environmental-focused international Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), one of which is Sea Shepherd. This article provides an overview of Sea Shepherd as an actor within the Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) and its efforts to end the legalization of seal hunting in Canada. The initiatives undertaken by Sea Shepherd have led to positive outcomes, such as the cessation of seal hunting export-import activities to the European Union and better control over the number of seals being hunted.
Critical Examination of International Law in Western Dominance and Global Justice Putra, Agung Tri
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.01.6

Abstract

This article critically examines whether international law functions merely as a tool of Western hegemony or possesses the potential to evolve into a more inclusive framework for global justice. While recognizing the historical power imbalances that have shaped its development, the analysis highlights international law's transformative potential as a mechanism for fostering cooperation, peace, and justice. By exploring historical context, progress, challenges, and the ethical balance in power dynamics, the article emphasizes the pivotal contributions of non-Western scholars and nations in reshaping the global legal order. It critiques the selective application of legal norms by dominant states, particularly in conflicts like Israel-Palestine and Russia-Ukraine, which exemplify enduring ethical dilemmas and systemic inequities. Advocating for a reimagined legal framework, the article underscores the importance of integrating diverse perspectives, addressing structural inequalities, and advancing fairness and inclusivity. Through this lens, international law emerges not only as a reflection of historical inequities but as a dynamic tool for achieving global justice and equity.
Editorial Foreword Traversing Global Action: Cooperation to Opposition
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

Decoding the Duterte Doctrine: Understanding Strategic Changes in Philippine Foreign Policy during Duterte Administration Gerale, Christopher Paller
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.c2024.004.01.1

Abstract

This article employs a sophisticated neoclassical realist framework to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the intricate landscape of Philippine foreign policy under the administration of former Philippine President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, elucidating the contours of the so-called “The Duterte Doctrine”. This encompasses a nuanced exploration of the nation's role as a middle power, focusing on the pillars of national security, economic diplomacy, and the safeguarding of overseas Filipinos. Employing an analytical lens that intricately weaves systemic pressures and domestic imperatives, the study meticulously unravels the historical trajectory of Philippines-USA relations and the evolving dynamics in the Philippines-China relationship. Methodologically, a discerning review of historical events, policy decisions, and diplomatic maneuvers is undertaken to unveil discernible patterns and strategic recalibrations within the nation's foreign policy landscape. The main findings underscore a diplomatic chess game in the Philippines-China relationship, marked by a strategic departure in defense posture with the cessation of joint military exercises with the U.S. Economic diplomacy, encapsulated in the Duterte Doctrine, manifests as a fervent pursuit of diversified economic partnerships, concurrently raising cogent concerns about potential economic dependence. The analysis accentuates the adaptive resilience of Philippine foreign policy in response to the evolving global landscape, thereby substantively contributing to regional stability. As a middle power, the Philippines astutely leverages its agency amid great power competition while assiduously upholding principles of international law and justice, necessitating nuanced and context-specific approaches to maintain a delicate balance between traditional alliances and emerging economic partnerships.Keywords: China, Duterte Doctrine, Philippines, Rodrigo Roa Duterte
IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND SECURITY: HUNGARY'S DIFFERING POSITIONS ON MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM REFUGEES IN THE 2015 AND 2022 EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS Trisonia, Lina; Makhroja, Mega Nisfa; Mahmuluddin, Mahmuluddin
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.01.4

Abstract

The European refugee problem has attracted global attention, especially amid the influxes of people in 2015 and 2022. Hungary, being a member state of the European Union, shown divergent stances towards refugees originating from the Middle East and Ukraine. The purpose of this essay is to examine Hungary's unique position regarding refugees, both Muslim and non-Muslim, during times of crisis, and to clarify the underlying causes behind these positions. This analysis examines how Hungary's attitude to refugees was influenced by cultural identity and national security, using the constructivism theory proposed by Peter J. Katzenstein and the notion of Migration and Security. Research findings suggest that Hungary's position towards Muslim migrants was greatly influenced by unfavourable stigmas connected with Islam and worries regarding national security. Additionally, these beliefs were additionally shaped by the political dynamics and domestic policies of Hungary. This study provides deep insights into the interrelation of identity, culture, and national security in influencing a nation's approach to refugees.Keywords: Refugee Crisis, Muslim Refugees, Non-Muslim Refugees, Hungary
Kerjasama Sister City Antara Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dan Kota Kitakyushu Sebagai Upaya Pengelolaan Sampah Tahun 2012-2023 Pandana, Zacky Alifirano; Nuryananda, Praja Firdaus
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.01.2

Abstract

Penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi hasil-hasil program kerjasama sister city Surabaya-Kitakyushu pada tahun 2012-2023 dalam mewujudkan Surabaya Green City dan membandingkan dengan kondisi pengelolaan sampah yang ada saat ini di Kota Surabaya dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Rumusan masalah yakni bagaimana kerjasama sister city antara Pemkot Surabaya dan Pemkot Kitakyushu sebagai upaya pengelolaan sampah tahun 2012-2023 dengan teknik pengumpulan data analisis data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama antara kedua kota tersebut telah menghasilkan berbagai program seperti daur ulang, fasilitas pengolahan sampah Super Depo Suterejo, Rumah Kompos Wonorejo, PDU Jambangan, Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove, dan PLTSa di TPA Benowo. Program-program tersebut telah menunjukkan peningkatan subtansial dalam pengelolaan sampah yang dapat dihasilkan dari teknologi yang sederhana dan murah sehingga memberikan manfaat dari aspek efisiensi waktu dan pengurangan sampah secara kuantitatif. Meskipun telah memberikan hasil yang nyata, akan tetapi harus tetap diperlukan adanya perbaikan/evaluasi pada fasilitas TPLSa Benowo dan penggunaan metode Takakura yang memerlukan langkah-langkah preventif dan komprehensif.
ANALISIS DAMPAK SANKSI EKONOMI BARAT TERHADAP STRATEGI RUSIA DALAM IMPOR TEKSTIL Narendra, Pangestu Galih; Prinanda, Devita
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.01.5

Abstract

War between Russia and Ukraine, which started from early February 2022 had already giving significant impact on Russian economy. Many of Russian economic dan industrial sectors had slowed down or halted due to economic sanctions from Western countries, who were allies for Ukraine and NATO. One of those sectors is Russian textile and garment industries. This journal has a purpose to explain how Western economic sanctions affect Russian decision making on export-import activity of textile and garment industries. By using economic sanctions theory and qualitative methods, and literature study to gather data about the effect of western economic sanction towards Russian textile industri and responds from Russia in handling its textile and garment industry.      Keywords: Textile dan Garment Industry, Russo-Ukrainian War, Russian Economy, Western Economic Sanctions 
Upaya Kampanye Save The Children dalam Menangani Masalah Pernikahan Anak di Bangladesh Tahun 2020-2023 Maharani, Farah; Hapsari, Renitha Dwi
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.01.3

Abstract

The issue of child marriage is a socio-economic problem that has existed for a long time in Bangladesh. Due to factors such as the economic crisis and prolonged school closures, the number of child marriage cases in Bangladesh has increased during the pandemic. The existing legal framework also cannot slow down the child marriage rates in Bangladesh. So this research tries to explain the efforts of Save The Children as an international non-governmental organization in dealing with the problem of child marriage in Bangladesh. This research explains how the Save The Children campaign is trying to deal with the problem of child marriage in Bangladesh in 2020-2023. The theory explained in this research is Brown's theory of international organizational campaign efforts. The research method uses qualitative data analysis techniques with descriptive research type. Primary data collection techniques from interviews with Rahamat Ullah from Save The Children in Bangladesh regarding the research topic. Research findings show that the Save The Children campaign's efforts to address the problem of child marriage are realized in the form of online campaigns via social media and offline campaigns. Apart from that, Save The Children also emphasizes children's participation in campaign efforts to address child marriage in Bangladesh.
Editorial Foreword Focus, Global
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Belt and Road Initiative and Southeast Asia's Economic Development: A Case Study of Indonesia Zarkachi, Imam
Global Focus Vol. 4 No. 02 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2024.004.02.2

Abstract

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China’s economic megaproject and foreign policy grand strategy aiming to bolster the economic growth of developing states throughout regions, including Southeast Asia. Investing massively in infrastructures with the support of the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is the key objective of this initiative. This research investigates the advantages of international cooperation under the BRI platform for ASEAN economic development, particularly in Indonesia. This research is analysed using the descriptive qualitative method with journals, books, and reports as the main data resources. The research uses neoliberalism as a theoretical framework to analyse how such international cooperation creates high interdependence amongst states in the international system. The result shows that international cooperation under the BRI economic platform has critically provided aid and assets for developing states to grow their economy in the future. As part of the BRI membership, Indonesia benefits from China’s massive investment in building a high-speed rail link that can boost national economic growth. Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, Neoliberalism, Economic Development, Southeast Asia, Indonesia

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