cover
Contact Name
Yuli Andriansyah
Contact Email
yuliandriansyah@uii.ac.id
Phone
+6285369607374
Journal Mail Official
millah@uii.ac.id
Editorial Address
Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang KM 14,5, Besi, Sleman, DI Yogyakarta, Kode Pos 55584
Location
Kab. sleman,
Daerah istimewa yogyakarta
INDONESIA
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies
ISSN : 14120992     EISSN : 2527922X     DOI : 10.20885/millah
Core Subject : Religion,
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies (E-ISSN: 2527-922X) is an international double-blind peer-review journal focusing on original research articles related to religious studies. The journal welcomes contributions on the following topics: Religious studies Islamic studies Christian studies Hindu studies Buddhist studies other relevant religious studies.
Articles 648 Documents
Indexing, Abstracting, and Archiving Editorial Team of Millah
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Agama Islam Program Magister, Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Peer-Reviewers Acknowledgment Editorial Team of Millah
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Agama Islam Program Magister, Universitas Islam Indonesia

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The Board of Peace and the Illusion of Palestinian Liberation: Stabilization, Formality, and the Limits of Managed Peace Andriansyah, Yuli
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Agama Islam Program Magister, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss1.editorial

Abstract

This editorial critically examines the Board of Peace as a proposed mechanism for Gaza’s stabilization and questions its capacity to deliver genuine peace and Palestinian independence. Rather than treating the Board as a neutral innovation in international governance, the editorial argues that it risks becoming a formal instrument for managing Palestinian dispossession without resolving its political causes. The analysis is based on a critical synthesis of recent academic literature on peacebuilding, post-conflict governance, international trusteeship, legitimacy, accountability, and Palestinian self-determination, combined with policy and media evidence available up to February 2026. The editorial finds that the Board of Peace suffers from four major weaknesses: fragile substantive legitimacy despite formal international endorsement; excessive concentration of authority in an externally led structure; limited Palestinian agency in decision-making; and an overemphasis on stabilization, reconstruction, and demilitarization without a credible path toward sovereignty. It further argues that reconstruction funding and technocratic administration may create the appearance of progress while postponing core issues such as occupation, borders, refugees, territorial unity, equal rights, and statehood. The Board’s possible marginalization of established multilateral mechanisms also raises concerns about accountability and the weakening of rights-based international governance. The editorial concludes that the Board of Peace is unlikely to fulfill Palestinian aspirations for peace and independence unless it is subordinated to self-determination, representative authority, territorial integrity, and enforceable political rights. Without these foundations, it remains a formal peace architecture rather than a pathway to emancipation.
Halal Narrative Legitimacy on Digital Platforms: A Content Analysis of Customer Reviews and Muslim-Friendly Restaurant Branding in Pulau Pinang Wan Harun, Mohammad Amir; Sulong, Jasni; Sahad, Mohd Nizam; Baharudin, Aiza Maslan @; Shamsuddin, Maizura; Abd Wahab, Mastura; Rahama, Nafisa Suleiman; Baharuddin, Ahmad Syukran
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art4

Abstract

This study examines the legitimacy of halal narratives on digital platforms, focusing on customer reviews and restaurant branding using terms such as “Muslim-friendly,” “no pork, no lard,” and “pork-free” in Penang. Employing a case study design, a total of 1,037 restaurants were initially screened through Google Business searches. From this pool, 35 restaurants were selected for further analysis based on their use of such descriptors. A more in-depth evaluation revealed that 13 of the 35 establishments exhibited issues related to halal compliance in food preparation and misleading branding practices. In addition, supplementary data were collected through Google searches using the keywords “halal restaurants” and “Muslim-friendly,” which identified eight websites actively promoting restaurants with potential halal concerns as halal or Muslim-friendly establishments. Using an inductive analytical approach, five key themes emerged: self-declaration of halal status, misuse of halal logos and branding, legitimacy constructed through user reviews, exploitation of Islamic symbols, and false “Muslim-friendly” narratives reinforced by review portals. The findings indicate a significant epistemic shift from formally certified “verified halal” toward socially constructed “perceived halal” within digital environments. This shift poses substantial challenges to the integrity and credibility of existing halal assurance systems. Accordingly, the study underscores the urgent need for regulatory authorities to strengthen enforcement mechanisms, particularly within digital platforms. Simultaneously, it highlights the importance of enhancing digital literacy among Muslim consumers to mitigate misinformation and avoid confusion regarding halal food establishments in online spaces.
Three Dimensions of Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Rational Theology, Mystical Intuition, and Philosophical Demonstration in Dialogue Saruhan, Müfit Selim
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art1

Abstract

This article develops a triadic model of knowledge in Islamic thought by examining the epistemological contributions of Kalām, Sufism, and Islamic philosophy. It argues that these three traditions represent distinct yet interconnected epistemic dimensions within the broader intellectual landscape of Islam.Kalām articulates a rational taxonomy of cognition, distinguishing divine from human knowledge, immediate from acquired cognition, and various degrees of certainty. Sufism offers an experiential and transformative epistemology grounded in concepts such as maʿrifa (gnosis), kashf (unveiling), and ilhām (inspiration), locating the purified heart as the locus of divine disclosure. Islamic philosophy from al-Fārābī and Ibn Sīnā to Suhrawardī and Mullā Ṣadrā contributes systematic theories of demonstration, faculty psychology, and metaphysical analyses of intellect and intuition. The article situates this Islamic triadic model in conversation with broader philosophical debates concerning rationalism, empiricism, and intuition. It argues that Islamic intellectual traditions developed an integrated epistemological framework in which rational demonstration, experiential awareness, and intuitive insight function as complementary dimensions rather than competing sources of knowledge. This framework also resonates with contemporary philosophical discussions concerning virtue epistemology and the epistemology of understanding. By reconstructing these traditions within a comparative philosophical framework, the study shows that Islamic thought offers a holistic conception of knowledge that integrates cognition, ethical responsibility, and spiritual transformation. The article concludes that the Islamic tripartite conception of knowledge provides valuable resources for contemporary debates concerning scientific responsibility and the ethics of artificial intelligence, emphasizing that knowledge is not merely informational but also purposive and ethically transformative.
Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Tourism Research in Malaysia and Thailand: Publication Landscape and Research Patterns (1995-2025) P. Rameli, Mohd Faizal; Abd Wahab, Nor Azlina; Mohamed, Norizah; Yama, Arifeen; Aree, Srawut
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art5

Abstract

Islamic tourism has emerged as a significant domain within global tourism scholarship, reflecting the growing mobility of Muslim travellers and the increasing salience of religion in destination development. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of Islamic tourism research related to Malaysia and Thailand over 30 years (1995–2025). Using a dataset of 420 publications, the analysis examines longitudinal publication trends, author productivity, institutional affiliations, collaborative patterns, thematic evolution, and citation impact. The findings reveal an exponential growth in research output after 2010, with Malaysia accounting for the largest share of publications due to its Muslim majority context and established halal governance infrastructure, while Thailand’s research—though smaller in volume—demonstrates comparatively higher citation impact, reflecting scholarly interest in Muslim minority tourism settings. The analysis further identifies a concentration of knowledge production among a limited group of authors and institutions, alongside uneven international collaboration. Thematically, Islamic tourism scholarship has shifted from conceptual and definitional concerns toward service quality, halal governance, policy frameworks, and cultural adaptation. By systematically mapping the intellectual structure of Islamic tourism research across two contrasting national contexts, this study advances understanding of how religious tourism knowledge is produced, institutionalised, and diffused. The findings provide evidence-based implications for future research agendas, destination policy, and the theoretical positioning of Islamic tourism within tourism and religious studies.
Operation Divine Shield: Multi-INT Fusion and Strategic Eschato Warfare for Modern Conflict Resolution Idriz, Mesut; Rana, Mansoor; Bibi, Sumaira; Nisa, Waqar Un
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art2

Abstract

This study develops Operation Divine Shield, a conceptual and operational framework integrating Multi-INT fusion, Fusion Doctrine principles, and Strategic Eschato Warfare to enhance psychological resilience, collective cohesion, and conflict mitigation in modern military and fragile-state environments. The framework synthesizes classical Islamic epistemology, Sufi-inspired psychological practices, and contemporary military psychology with multi-source intelligence integration (COG-INT, ESCHATO-INT, QUTUB-INT, SIGINT, OSINT, GEOINT, IMINT, MASINT), predictive analytics, and operational decision-support systems. Leveraging AI-enabled Multi-INT fusion, the model enables early detection of destabilizing events, anticipatory risk assessment, and targeted intervention planning, operationalized through doctrines such as Shadow Purge, Divine Shield, and Burq ul Af’aal. Utilizing a qualitative interpretive methodology, the research combines textual hermeneutics, doctrinal simulation, and scenario-based analysis, producing a layered operational architecture that includes RUʾYĀ-INT (Dream-Symbol Intelligence), Shield of Cohesion, and Cognitive Firewall. Findings indicate that spiritually informed cognitive frameworks can function as structured defensive and anticipatory mechanisms against misinformation, perception manipulation, and stress-induced vulnerabilities while enhancing strategic foresight. By bridging non-Western epistemologies with modern intelligence and operational frameworks, this study contributes to theoretical discourse, doctrinal design, and practical applications in psychological resilience, military planning, and peace-building operations.
Diplomacy in Disguise: Yunfeng’s Diaries and the Paradox of Buddhist Soft Power during China’s Cultural Revolution Pang, Zhujun; Liu, Yaoping; Beliatte, Metteyya
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art6

Abstract

This study employs Yunfeng's Diary to examine the contradictory function of Buddhism during China's Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). The study systematically categorizes 1,829 entries from Yunfeng's Diary into five subject classifications: Foreign Reception, Policy Directive, Ritual Performance, Sangha Statistics, and Ideological Reflection.  Furthermore, it utilizes three analytical frameworks: Soft Power, Religious Capital, and Microhistory. The analysis shows that Buddhist practices were selectively revived for diplomatic events with other countries, but were suppressed in religious life at home, especially in 1973 and 1975 when delegations from Japan and Nepal were welcomed.  The patterns of co-occurrence show that Foreign Reception entries are mostly linked to Soft Power and Religious Capital.  Policy Directives are also closely linked to Microhistory, which shows how people internalize and negotiate state directives.  Temporal trends further demonstrate that Buddhism functions as a "conditional resource": suppressed domestically yet revitalized for international legitimacy. The findings reveal that Yunfeng’s Diary documents how Buddhism, though suppressed in everyday life, was selectively reactivated as a cultural instrument in China’s early experiments with religious diplomacy. More broadly, the findings suggest that soft power rooted in religious capital is not only a post-reform phenomenon, but has been experimented with since the Mao era.
Pampapu as a Manifestation of Spirituality and Cultural Memory in Andean Healing Practices Gutiérrez-Gómez, Edgar; Quispe-Flores, Nilda; Auccatoma-Tinco, Roly; Munaris-Parco, Sonia Beatriz
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art7

Abstract

Pampapu is a ritual healing practice deeply rooted in Andean spirituality, based on the belief that certain illnesses originate from the earth and must be treated through acts of ritual reciprocity. Despite advances in conventional medicine and processes of cultural globalization, this practice remains active in various Andean communities as an expression of cultural memory and collective identity. The study was conducted using a qualitative ethnographic approach in communities of Ayacucho, Peru, through in-depth interviews, oral testimonies, and participant observation, with particular attention to traditional healers (yachaq) and residents who turn to pampapu as a therapeutic alternative. Findings indicate that pampapu integrates ancestral knowledge transmitted orally, rituals associated with Pachamama, and elements of popular Catholicism, forming a therapeutic system that transcends the physical dimension. In conclusion, pampapu constitutes a living manifestation of Andean spirituality and cultural memory, underscoring the need to promote intercultural health approaches that recognize the complementarity between traditional knowledge and modern medicine.
Effectiveness of the McCarthy 4MAT Model in Developing Critical Thinking Skills and Shari’a Concepts in Islamic Education Kasasbeh, Nabeeh Abdalmahdy; Al-Tkhayneh, Khawlah Mitib; Alkasasbeh, Khaled Abdelmahdi; Almajdoub, Zaid; Alramamneh, Yahia
Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/millah.vol25.iss2.art15

Abstract

Islamic Education provides substantial opportunities to develop higher-order thinking through reflection, evidence-based reasoning, and engagement with religious concepts, yet conventional instruction often emphasizes memorization. This study examined the effectiveness of the McCarthy 4MAT model in developing critical thinking skills and Shari'a concepts among ninth-grade students in the United Arab Emirates. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design involved 56 students from Shakhbout Bin Sultan High School in Al Ain, with 27 students receiving instruction based on the McCarthy 4MAT model and 29 receiving conventional instruction. Data were collected using a critical-thinking skills test covering six skills and a Shari'a concepts test and were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The experimental group achieved a higher posttest mean for overall critical thinking than the control group, with a statistically significant overall effect and a large effect size. Significant improvements favored the experimental group in deduction, distinguishing between fact and opinion, evaluating arguments, and accuracy in investigating events. No statistically significant differences were found for categorization or inference, possibly because these skills require more sustained development than the five-week intervention provided. The McCarthy 4MAT model also significantly improved students’ acquisition of Shari'a concepts, while critical thinking and Shari'a concept acquisition were positively related, with a stronger relationship in the experimental group. These findings indicate that integrating active learning through the McCarthy 4MAT model can strengthen critical thinking and conceptual understanding in Islamic Education. Its application may help teachers move beyond memorization toward reflective, analytical, and student-centered learning.

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