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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 2,439 Documents
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Potential of Astaxanthin from Asian Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) Shell Extract as an Antibacterial and Ant Inflamatory Sukmawati .
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Asian tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shell is an industrial waste which becomes one of the sources of carotenoids in the form of astaxanthin (3.3’-dihydroxy-β, β′-carotene-4.4′-dione) which has a very potential biological activity because it can work on target molecules. Astaxanthin in Asian tiger shrimp shell is well known to be lipophilic, being insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, one of which acetonitrile. The characteristics of astaxanthin were obtained through qualitative and quantitative analyses using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Furthermore, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities had been tested. Based on the research results done on the inhibition of Asian tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon ) shell extract on the 5th growth of the test bacteria, the tiger shrimp shell extract had antibacterial activity on Eschericia coli., Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomans auriginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus which was characterized by the presence of clear zone / inhibition zone / Oligodynamic zone which showed the effect of tiger shrimp shell extract in killing and inhibiting the growth of test bacteria. Besides, An anti-inflammatory testing through extracting chemical components with acetonitrile solvent with several concentrations showed that the anti-inflammatory activity with a concentration of 1000 ppm with % stability on erythrocyte membrane obtained 60.516%, indicating that the higher the concentration used, the better was the anti-inflammatory effect.Keywords: Astaxanthin, Asian tiger shrimp, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory.
Anorexia in Childhood Ekaterina Zenia
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 02 (2020) Feb. 2020
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Abstract

Over the past three decades, there has been a tendency to shift anorexia nervosa towards a younger age. It is necessary to identify a possible relationship between mental illness and the presence of anorexia. The purpose of the study is to comparatively examine the clinical, gastroenterological and psychopathological features of the development of anorexia nervosa in children with diagnosed mental disorders (autism, childhood schizophrenia). In 2008-2018, at the base of the Moscow Scientific Center for Mental Health and the Children's Psychiatric Clinic No. 6 (Russian Federation), 167 patients were selected, divided into two groups according to the diagnosis. The first included 90 children with a diagnosis of autism, the second - 77 children with a diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia. Children were observed from 3 months of age until they reach 10 years of age. At 8 years old, the children underwent gastroenterological examination. The frequency of occurrence of deviations in eating behavior was recorded. Used abdominal ultrasound, as well as esophagogastroduodenoscopy. In the group of children with autism aged 8-10 years, the total number of eating disorders is gradually decreasing, 2-2.5 times less than 1-3 years (p = 0.001). The incidence rate of anorexia was 70%. Also recorded a decrease in the frequency of occurrence of violations. At 1-3 years on average, the frequency of occurrence of eating disorders was at the level of one third of cases. At the age of 8-10 years, this indicator decreased by 6-15 times (p = 0.001). In the second group, children with schizophrenia, the manifestation of eating disorders occurs later, at 4-6 months of life. By 1-3 years, the frequency of occurrence of deceleration of chewing and swallowing increases 2 times (p = 0.05). At 8-10 years, these eating disorders develop into persistent phobias. Anorexia is recorded in 90% of cases. At 1-3 years of age, eating behavior changes: bulimia and vomitomania appear. The consequence of this is a decrease in body weight. Despite the fact that at the age of 8-10 years in the second group, many disorders are 2-4 times less likely (p = 0.001) than at 1-3 years, some (bulimia) can remain with the same frequency. Esophagitis and reflux in the esophagus are 3–7 times more likely to occur compared to cardia and erosion (p = 0.05 and p = 0.001). Gastroduodenitis and reflux were most often diagnosed in the stomach, 2 times more often than gastritis (p = 0.05), 6 times more often than erosion (p = 0.001), 10 times more than mucosal proliferation. Damage was found to occur to the gastrointestinal tract in children with anorexia nervosa in almost all of its departments. A group of patients with autism has a high percentage of anorexia (70%), with a predominance of eating disorders such as active or passive refusal to eat. In the group of patients with schizophrenia, anorexia is more common (90%), but eating disorders, edible substances, vomitomania, bulimia dominated among eating disorders. Gastroenterological examination revealed a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which esophagitis (37%), gastroduodenitis (41%) and reflux (47%) predominated. The revealed age-related features of the development of eating disorders will allow establishing the disease in time and taking measures to cure it.Keywords: Anorexia nervosa, Autism, Schizophrenia, Bulimia, Womitomania, Eating disorders.
Contamination of Date Fruit by a Flatoxigenic Fungi and a Flatoxins in Hilla City, Iraq Mohammad J. Al-Jassani
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 09 Issue 12
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Abstract

The present study aim to evaluate the incidence of fungi (Mainly Aspergillus sp) and Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination in Date fruit Total of 9 most common Date samples belongs to type Zahidi and Shwaythee in addition to date syrup, were collected from the local market of Hilla city and from the general company for Date manufacturing and marketing. Intergenic fungi were isolated by direct plate method and were morphologically identified on specified media. Aflatoxins production by Aspergillus spp. were screened and determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Date samples were analyzed by HPLC for AFs contamination. Total of 158 isolates were isolated from Date samples belonging to different fungal genera. Aspergillus spp. represented 84% of the total isolated mold species. Aspergillus niger was dominant (65%) and A. flavus was only 19%. Of the total A. spp., 16.6% found active in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) production among of which 45.45% belong to A. Niger and 54.54% belong to A. flavus. HPLC shows that 88.8 % of dates fruit samples tested positive for aflatoxins (AFs). As a first report by this study, AFs (AFB1 and AFB2) were detected produced by A. niger isolates by TLC. This is the first report through this study that AFG is produced by both A. niger and A. flavus as detected by HPLC. The results showed that Date fruits are contaminated with total AFs ranged from 5.7 to 274µg/kg.Keywords: Date fruit, Aflatoxin, Aspergillus, TLC, HPLC.
Analysis of National Lists of Essential Medicines in Ukraine and the Who Model List of Essential Medicines in the Dynamics of the Year Hanna Panfilova
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 12.
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Abstract

The article contains results of dynamic of changes of National lists of Essential medicines in Ukraine during 2001-2017 and the WHO Model list of essential medicines (1977-2017). During a long period of time the WHO International concept of model list of essential medicines was considered to have a complicated dynamic of changes of medicines. In 1977 as compared to 2017, the number of medicines increased twice. Maximum increase (455 drugs) was observed in 2011 and minimum (204 drugs) – as in 1977. The fluctuation of chain increase of the number of medicines, which were included in the WHO Model list of essential medicines from –8,0% (2013) to +22,0% (1979). In the last edition (2017) the WHO Model list of essential medicines was changed significantly, which meet up-to-date requirements of practical medicines development, and the requirements of the society as to the efficiency of medical and pharmaceutical aid. A significant fluctuations of qualitative indicators of the WHO National list of Essential medicines in Ukraine (from 215 to 780 drugs) allow us to state about the absence of a systematic approach and a relevant policy to the implementation of the WHO International concept of Essential medicines in our country to practical health protection and pharmacy. Thus, in 2008 the number of medicines included in the WHO National list of Essential medicines had 780 names, which exceeded the number of medicines of existing edition of the WHO 15th Model list of essential medicines by 1,8. We proved that the last edition (2017) of the National list of Essential medicines, which was confirmed in Ukraine based on the government program “Available medicines”, meets international requirements.Keywords: National Drug Policy, National list of Essential Medicines of Ukraine, Model list of Еessential medicines, рarmaceutical market of Ukraine, Ukraine, World Health Organization.
Interaction Model Parents-Adolescents in Adolescents are Risk Addiction of Drugs Ah. Yusuf
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 6.
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Abstract

Background: One of problems in adolescents is risk of addiction to drugs that negative behavior disturbs the society. Adolescent had more spending time with friends in school and other places that have risk to addiction too Purpose: The aim of this study is analyzed interaction model of parents-adolescents in risk addiction of drugs based on King’s Goal Attainment theory. Method: This study was used cross-sectional design. 124 parents and adolescents from Senior High School through probability sampling that is simple random sampling. Questionnaire data were taken by parents’ (transactional factor, perception, judgment, and action), adolescents’ (transactional factor, perception, judgment, and actions), and parents-adolescents ’reaction, and parent-adolescents’ disclosure. Analysis method was used Partial Least Square (PLS). Results: Parents’ transactional factor influenced on parents’ perception (t=2,074), parents' perceptions influenced parent's judgment (t=2,697), parent’s judgment influenced parent’s action (t=2,396), parent’s action influenced parents-adolescents’ reaction (t=2.774), adolescents’ transactional factor not influenced adolescents’ perception (t=0,594), adolescents’ perception influenced adolescents’ judgment (t=5,744), adolescents’ judgment influenced adolescents’ action (t=2,118), adolescents’ action influenced parents-adolescents’ reaction (t=2.831), parents-adolescents’ reaction influenced parents’-adolecents’ interaction (t=3.048), parents’-adolescents’ interaction influenced parents’-adolescents’ disclosure (t=8,062). Conclusion: Many factors are being adolescent to risk addiction of drugs and can control with interaction models. Using interaction model of parents-adolescents so that practitioner can improve adolescent’s health promotion activities in community.Keywords: Adolescent, Parent, Risk addiction, Interaction.
Molecular Docking of The Potential Compound from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao L.) Against Androgen Receptor as Anti-Alopecia Resmi Mustarichie
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 09 (2020) Sept. 2020
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Abstract

The determination of the components of the cocoa shells compounds that have anti-alopecia activity have not been reported, so the molecular docking approach is a very effective alternative before further testing is carried out. This study aimed to determine the potential compound components against androgen receptor targets as anti-alopecia drugs. Molecular docking used ChemDraw Ultra 12.0, Chem3D Pro 12.0, Biovia Discovery Studio 2016 Client®, and Autodock Tools 4.2, as well as to determine the pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of drug ingredients with Pre-ADMET. It was found that that the components of the cocoa peel compound had the potential to act as anti-alopecia drugs, namely chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and catechins with the value of the free energy binding (ΔG) and the inhibition constant (Ki) respectively (-7.87 kcal/mol; 1.70 µM)> (-6.48 kcal/mol; 17.65 µM)> (-6.36 kcal/mol; 21.91 µM) with the crucial amino acid residue formed was GLN 858. The pharmacokinetics (plasma protein binding) of epicatechin and catechin were excellent compared to chlorogenic acid and minoxidil because it could penetrate the plasma membrane when interacting. While the toxicity test, the components of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and catechin compounds were mutagenic, and only chlorogenic acid was carcinogenic. The study concluded chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and catechin compounds from the cocoa shells were promising candidates for anti-alopecia drugs to be developed further targeting androgen receptors. It was consistent with the molecular docking results, which showed that ΔG and Ki's values were excellent compared to minoxidil. The pre-ADMET results also showed that the epicatechin and catechin compounds components could penetrate the plasma membrane when given topically compared to minoxidil. Keywords: Alopecia, Cocoa shells, Theobroma cacao, Molecular docking, Androgen receptor.
The Effect of Entonox on the Apgar Scores of Infants Born to Mothers Requesting Painless Deliveries at Motahari Hospital in Jahrom City: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial Hasan Zabetian
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Introduction A vaginal delivery is one of the hard pains during a woman’s life. Therefore, different training methods or interventions have been employed in developed countries to encourage women to use Entonox for painless and safe deliveries. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Entonox on the Apgar scores of infants born to mothers requesting painless deliveries at Motahari Hospital in Jahrom City. Method: In this double-blind clinical trial, the random sampling method was in Motahari Hospital in Jahrom City. The research sample included all of the parturient women requesting a vaginal delivery under the supervision of a gynecologist. The subjects were divided randomly into the experimental group (39 individuals receiving Entonox) and the control group (41 individuals). The descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze data in SPSS 18.Results The average ages of the experimental group (receiving Entonox) and the control group (non-receiving Entonox) were 25-26 years. The majority of parturient women had one child. In experimental group, the most prevalent complications of Entonox were xerostomia (13; 39.4%) and somnolence (10; 30.3%). The results of the Mann-Whitney test indicated that there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the Apgar scores of the newborn babies (p-value>0.05). Moreover, the vital signs of patients (systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heartbeat, and SpO2) did not show any significant differences in the experimental group receiving Entonox over time (1-5) (p-value>0.05).Conclusion use of Entonox was a safe method ,fewer complications for parturient women and her infant during delivery in comparison with other methods. Moreover, the analgesic efficacy of this gas is considerable.Keywords: Entonox, Parturient women, Apgar scores, Infants, Anesthesia.
Optimization Parameters for Enzymatic Clarification of Dragon Fruit Juice N. P. Minh
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 09: (2019) September 2019
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Abstract

Fresh dragon fruit juice has high viscosity and turbidity. Fruit juice clarification by ultrafiltration only does not remove active haze precursors, allowing haze formation during storage. Pectinase treatment can resolve this matter. Pectinase can break down complex polysaccharides of plant tissues into simpler molecules like galacturonic acids. Pitaya or dragon fruit can be utilized to produce fruit juice as functional beverage. In our research, pectinase was used in different parameters of enzyme concentration (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10%), temperature (30, 35, 40, 45, 50oC), time (45, 60, 75, 90, 105 min) and pH (4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0). Total soluble solid (oBrix), total phenolic (g/L), turbidity (NTU) and viscosity (cP) were important indicators to identify the optimal treatment. Our results showed dragon fruit juice would have the best total soluble solid, total phenolic, clarity as well as viscosity by treatment of pectinase concentration 0.08%, temperature 40oC in 90 min at pH 4.6. Our finding concluded that pectinase treatment would be a potential efficient approach of cloud removal in dragon fruit juice productionKeywords: Pectinase, Dragon fruit, Total soluble solid, Phenolic, Turbidity, Viscosity.
Use High Temperature as a Curing to Change Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhi Sura Mohammed Sachit
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 08: (2018) August 2018
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Abstract

Gradual growing levels of antibiotic resistance in the developing countries had incurably increased in the last few decades as a consequence of evolutionary microbial characters and random antibiotic use. Many important clinical pathogens showed multiple resistances to many different antibiotics, this means any dangerous infection that can easily transfer from any country to any other, representing global increasing problem. Typhoidal Salmonellae represents interesting concern for world public health, especially fever caused by Salmonella typhi which cause different blood stream infection .Seven clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi were isolated and identified biochemically from a hospital in Baghdad. They had multiple resistances to Cefepime, Imipenem, Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin and Ceftazidime. The isolates appeared different elimination of multiple antibiotic resistances character after incubation at high temperature (45ºC), meaning the isolates lose antibiotic resistance plasmids after physical treatment by high temperature. This simple, inexpensive and safe treatment represents a promising way to eliminate antibiotic resistance character from many dangerous pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Salmonella typhi, Antibiotic resistance, High temperature.
Methylation Status of KLF4 Associated with Chronological Age Nihad AM Al-Rashedi
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 03
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Abstract

The expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 has associated with various biological processes including stem cell reprogramming and tumorigenesis. Although these advances in the epigenetic role of KLF4 expression in cancer and other physiological disorders, the methylation data of the KLF gene extracted from the previous studies that are not enough to coverage of non-coding of the KLF gene. In particular, the epigenetic mechanism is an essential regulator and the multiple studies reported DNA methylation level of many CPG sites in the human genome has a correlation with aging. This study highlights epigenetic changes of the KLF4 gene with aging. The present study included 92 blood samples from healthy persons, Arabic Iraqi population; age ranged 18-93 years, blood DNA samples subject to bisulfate DNA modification-pyrosequencing method. The statistical analysis detected a correlation between each CpG sites of the KLF4 gene, and age adopted the linear regression model using correction coefficient R2.Methylated 10 CpG sites of the KLF4 gene showed weakly correlated with age. R-values ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 and the highest value appeared in the CpG site 7 (Chr9: 107489111) R was 3.0.  The fitting process using the simple regression model provided weak correction coefficients (R2 <80%) of the methylation levels of steady during the lifetime. The variance analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between the methylation levels of 10 CpG sites of intron 1 KLF4 gene and gender (P-values >0.05).Keywords:  KLF4 gene, DNA methylation, Age, Pyrosequencing.

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