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Istiqomah Rahmawati
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Journal of Biobased Chemicals (JOBC)
Published by Universitas Jember
ISSN : 27463257     EISSN : 27462544     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19184/jobc.v2i1.116
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
The scopes of this journal include the following topics: 1. Components extract from bioresources 2. Chemical and physical processing of biomass 3. Biobased materials and composites 4. Biobased energy production 5. Catalyst technology for biomass conversion 6. Biological processing of bioresources, chemicals and waste 7. Treatment of biobased chemical waste 8. Application of the biobased chemical products to the target users 9. System analysis, management, and environmental protection of biobased chemical processing This journal does not consider the topics about organic chemicals from non-organism, crops and breeding, organism modification, metabolic engineering, bioresources and environmental management which do not relate to biobased chemical processing.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Bioengineering
Articles 92 Documents
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Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Horned Banana Peel Waste Extract (Musa paradisiaca fa. corniculata) Imam Wahyu Beny Nugroho; David Permana Arshy; Yosita Elza Defitri; Wafiq Rifqi Abdul Wafi
JOBC Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The high amount of banana consumption in Indonesia has caused banana peel waste to increase, which can cause environmental pollution. One of the utilizations of banana peel waste is as a metal nanoparticle synthesis. This study aims to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with banana peel extract as a capping agent and determine the effect of solvent volume variation on the characterization of ZnO particles using variable volumes of ethanol-water solvent with a ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 (v/v). This research uses the maceration extraction method for 24 hours. ZnO particles were characterized, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). In this study, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content in ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v) horn banana peel extract was higher at 4.944 % and 5.940 % than in ethanol-water 2:1 (v/v) at 4.114% and 4.131%. Based on the results of FTIR testing, both samples have ZnO peaks where in ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v), 441 cm-1, and 619 cm-1, while ethanol-water 2:1 (v/v) is 428 cm-1. Then, from the PSA test results, the ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v) sample has a smaller average nanoparticle diameter of 135.6 nm than the ethanol-water 2:1 (v/v) sample, which is 153.6 nm. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the natural capping agent banana peel extract. Different levels of secondary metabolites in each extract influence the diameter of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.
Kinetics of Extraction of Arabica Coffee Bean (Coffea arabica) Lailatul Fatma; Nabilah Lu’aili Fauziah; Boy Arief Fachri; Zuhriah Mumtazah; Helda Wika Amini
JOBC Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant and a source of coffee beverages. Arabica coffee beans contain oil, which has many benefits. Extracting oil (solute) from coffee can be done through solvent extraction (leaching). The coffee bean oil extraction process uses n-hexane as a solvent because it can dissolve compounds with the same properties. This research aimed to study the extraction of essential oil from Arabica coffee beans and determine the kinetic model of extraction of essential oil from Arabica coffee beans by leaching. The process of separating coffee oil and solvent using thermogravimetric analysis with a temperature of 80 ℃ until the sample mass is constant. The variables used were temperature and time. The extraction time is 2 hours, with retrieval time every 10 minutes. The temperature used is 30, 40, and 50 ℃ with a ratio of material and solvent 1:10. The results showed that the kinetics of arabica coffee extraction followed the second-order extraction kinetics model. The second-order kinetic parameter values of arabica coffee essential oil extraction, namely extraction capacity (Cs) at 30, 40, and 50 ℃ were 5.45836, 5.46, and 5.46001 g L-1, respectively, the rate of the initial extraction (h) was 0.00762718, 0,00756716, and 0,0104452 gL-1minute-1, the extraction rate constant (k) was 0.000256, 0.000254, and 0.00035 g-1L-1minute-1, and determination values (R square) of 0.9965, 0.9967 and 0.9983.
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Coffee Husk with Acetone Using Microwave Assisted Extraction Method and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds Theressa Julieta Putri Andina; Helda Wika Amini; Ansori Ansori; Yukti Nurani; Ratri Sekaringgalih; Sonya Hakim Raharjo; Merymistika Yufrani Afred
JOBC Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

. Nowadays, coffee husks are limited to animal feed and fertilizer. Therefore, a study used Robusta coffee husk waste as a raw material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several variables and to determine the optimum conditions in the process of extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste. The coffee husk contains bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and polyphenol compounds, such as flavonols, flavan-3-ols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and caffeine. Coffee husk waste will be extracted using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with acetone solvent, with several variables: the ratio of material to solvent, microwave power, and extraction time. Analysis of the identification of phenolic compound content was then also carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The variables of material ratio, extraction time, and microwave power were proven to be interrelated so that they could produce total phenol at optimum conditions. The optimum conditions for extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste were obtained at a material ratio of 0.04 g/mL, 9 minutes, and power of 300 watts, with a total phenol yield of 8.65 GAE/g sample.
Kinetic Extraction of Moringa oleifera Leaves using the Microwave Assisted-Extraction (MAE) Method Ghina Shofiah Adibah Khoirunnisa; Reinaldi Rizky Pratama; Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri; Helda Wika Amini; Boy Arief Fachri
JOBC Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Moringa oleifera leaves are known for their distinctive leaf shape and offer numerous health and nutritional benefits.They are rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, and bioactive compounds and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatoryproperties. This study aimed to explore the extraction process, identify the presence of tannin compounds in Moringa leaves, and determine the appropriate kinetic model for the extraction of Moringa leaf extract using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The extraction was performed using 96% ethanol as the solvent and the MAEtechnique, which is known to enhance extraction efficiency. Variables such as power (150 watts), a material-to-solventratio of 1:15 (b/v), and extraction times of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes were tested. The results indicated that the highest yield was achieved after 10 minutes, with a value of 10.25%. The extraction time was extended at most 10 minutesdue to time limitations and diminishing returns as extraction time increased. The study concluded that the second-orderkinetic model (R² = 0.9897) was the most suitable for describing the extraction of tannin compounds from Moringa leaves,outperforming the first-order model with a value closer to 1.
The Effect of Time, pH, and Starter Concentration on Bioethanol Content in the Tobacco Stem Fermentation Process Della Ainurrohma; Indah Wahyuningtyas; Putri Ayu Salsabila
JOBC Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels is occurring in various parts of the world while fuel energy needs continue to increase. This condition encourages the search for alternative fuels with high availability of raw materials. Bioethanol, an environmentally friendly renewable energy from biomass, can be a solution to replace fuel oil. Tobacco stems, with high cellulose and hemicellulose content, can be used as raw materials for bioethanol. This study aims to optimize bioethanol production from tobacco stems through the influence of fermentation time, pH, and starter concentration. The research method involves base pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation, with the results analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach and the Central Composite Design (CCD) model. The independent variables used during fermentation include fermentation time (72 – 168 hours), pH (4 – 5), and starter concentration (0.1% – 0.3% w/v). Based on the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the variables that significantly affect ethanol content are fermentation time and starter concentration. The results of the CCD analysis showed optimum conditions at a fermentation time of 120 hours, pH 4.5, and starter concentration of 0.2% (w/v), producing a bioethanol content of 23.007% (v/v). This study shows the potential of tobacco stems as a sustainable source of bioethanol.
Evaluation of Nutmeg Flesh Extract as a Natural Anti-Acne Agent Against Cutibacterium acnes Angga Saputra Yasir; Indah Puspita Sari; Indarto I; Sinta Bella Triyanti; Aida Febina Sholeha; Veni Putri Nurhayati
JOBC Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder primarily caused by Cutibacterium acnes infection. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical composition, total flavonoid content, and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Myristica fragrans fruit flesh against C. acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. The dried fruit flesh was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening and total flavonoid quantification via the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method at extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, with standard antibiotics as positive controls. The extract contained key bioactive compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Total flavonoid content averaged 0.15820 ± 0.00440 mg quercetin equivalent per gram of dry extract. The extract exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial effects, with more potent inhibition against C. acnes than S. aureus. Inhibition zones at 30% concentration reached notable diameters, confirming significant antibacterial activity based on CLSI standards. These findings highlight the potential of M. fragrans fruit flesh as a promising natural source of multifunctional bioactive compounds for anti-acne cosmeceutical development. Further studies involving compound isolation and in vivo efficacy testing are recommended to support its clinical application.
Mass Transfer Coefficient of Oleoresin Extraction from Peperomia pellucida L. Using Ultrasonic Cleaner Siswanti; Wildan Danny Azra; Tiara Susilawati Ardana
JOBC Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Indonesia has a variety of wild plants that are beneficial for health, one of which is Peperomia pellucida L. Several studies have explored the use of Peperomia pellucida for health and cosmetic purposes. This plant can produce oleoresin, a compound obtained by using solvents to extract plants or materials. In this research, extraction was carried out using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. This research aims to investigate the effect of varying the mass of Peperomia pellucida and extraction time on the concentration of extracted oleoresin and its mass transfer coefficient. The experiments were conducted using mass and extraction time variations until equilibrium concentration was reached, with a constant solvent volume. The resulting extract was then analyzed to determine the oleoresin concentration in the solvent under various conditions and to calculate the mass transfer coefficient (KC) by correlating oleoresin concentration with time. Based on the research that has been done with 200 ml of ethanol, variations in sample weight of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 grams and extraction time to constant concentration showed that the greater the sample mass and the longer the extraction time, the greater the concentration obtained. Additionally, KC values increased proportionally with sample mass, with the highest KC value of 4.4265 x 10-5 g ethanol/min.mm² observed at a sample mass of 4 grams.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Biofilter Columns with Mixed Media for Tofu Liquid Waste Treatment Tazkia Maulida Putri; Zahwa Annaya; Mutiara Dewi Rukmana; Silvia Devi Eka Putri; Istiqomah Rahmawati
JOBC Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

Indonesia's increasing number of tofu industries has led to a rise in waste volume from this sector, requiring exceptional management. Tofu wastewater, a byproduct of tofu production that is no longer utilized, contains a high concentration of organic matter and can adversely affect water supplies if discharged untreated. This study aims to investigate an efficient filtration technique using filtration media for processing tofu wastewater. The biofilter column used in this study was made from a Le Minerale gallon and comprised layers of zeolite, bio balls, bearings, and activated charcoal to filter and purify the water from organic substances. The results showed that while filtration effectively reduced Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 995 ppm to 129 ppm after the fourth filtration, it was ineffective in neutralizing the pH of the tofu wastewater, which remained at pH 4 before and after filtration. This indicates that the wastewater remains acidic and cannot be directly discharged into the environment. Additionally, conductivity and salt levels increased after multiple filtrations, possibly due to ion release from the filter materials or saturation effects. This study reveals that the column configuration and filtration materials used were ineffective in removing acidic components from tofu wastewater. Therefore, design adjustments and filtration media selection are needed to achieve better results in treating tofu wastewater.
Design and Optimization of a Modified CoLar System for Biogas Agroindustry Development: Case Study at PT Juang Jaya Abdi Alam, South Lampung Regency Z. A. Maktub; S. Hidayati; T. P. Utomo; E. Suroso
JOBC Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

One of the efforts made by the government to achieve national beef self-sufficiency is increasing cattle farming. However, while providing benefits, this increase also has negative impacts, particularly in the form of improperly managed cow manure waste that can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to design and optimize a biogas reactor system based on the Modified Covered Lagoon Anaerobic Reactor (CoLAR) for the development of a biogas agro-industry, as a solution for processing cow dung waste through anaerobic biological processes on an industrial scale. The case study was conducted at PT Juang Jaya Abdi Alam, South Lampung Regency, which produces approximately 198,000 kg/day of organic waste from 8,500 to 9,500 cows, most of which has not been optimally utilized. The methods used in this research include observation, expert interviews, surveys, and literature review. The most appropriate reactor type was selected using the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE). This multi-criteria decision-making approach applies weighted scores to technical, environmental, and financial criteria. Three reactor types were evaluated, namely Complete Mix, Plug Flow, and Modified CoLAR. Based on expert scoring, Modified CoLAR was identified as the most suitable option. The designed system consists of a dilution unit, mixing unit, solid-liquid separator, and an anaerobic reactor with an internal stirring system and an HDPE geomembrane cover. The results showed that the Modified CoLAR was the most suitable option, with a total reactor volume of 11,935 m³, biogas production of 1,663.2 m³/day, methane gas volume of 1,092.72 m³/day, and an electricity generation potential of 5,135.784 kWh/day.
Manufacture of Nanofibers for Wound Dressing Applications from Sea Cucumber and Curcuma longa, Turmeric sp. Rahmawati; Wida Fatma Sari; Atina; Parmin Lumban Toruan
JOBC Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : University of Jember

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Abstract

The skin is the topmost layer that safeguards the body and can be vulnerable to injuries, such as cuts. Turmeric and sea cucumber are recognized for their effectiveness in healing wounds. The research used natural polymers such as turmeric and sea cucumber, while the synthetic polymer used was polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Electrospinning equipment is used to produce the nanofibres. The variables investigated in this study were the concentrations of PVA, turmeric, and sea cucumber. Gamat and curcuma are proven to accelerate wound healing, but no literature explains whether they are compatible with PVA in making nanofibres. The nanofibres were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The most optimal nanofiber composition for wound dressing applications is PVA with a concentration of 12%, turmeric 2%, and curcuma 0.5%.

Page 8 of 10 | Total Record : 92

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