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The Journal of Society Medicine (JSOCMED)
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ISSN : -     EISSN : 29645565     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47353/jsocmed.v2i1
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
The Journal of Society Medicine (JSOCMED) | ISSN (e): 2964-5565 is a leading voice in the Indonesia and internationally for medicine and healthcare. Published continuously, JSOCMED features scholarly comment and clinical research. JSOCMED is editorially independent from and its The Editor-in-Chief (EIC) is Prof. dr. Aznan Lelo, PhD, SpFK. JSOCMED offers many attractive features for authors, including free online access to all research articles, online publication ahead of print, and online responses to articles published as Quick Comments. In addition, as befitting a publication of the Journal of Society Medicine, JSOCMED implements best practice in scientific publishing with an open peer review process, declarations of competing interests and funding, full requirements for patient consent and ethical review, and statements of guarantorship, contributorship, and provenance.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 193 Documents
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Role of Glucagon in The Metabolic Response: Review Tona, Azwar Iwan; Syukri, Maimun
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): February
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i2.62

Abstract

Historically, glucagon is the counter-regulatory hormone of insulin. Glucagon secretion is induced by fasting conditions or hypoglycaemia to increase glucose levels. Glucagon is the dominant product of alpha cells in the islet and was first identified in 1923 during an attempt to purify insulin, where it was identified as a contaminant hyperglycaemia factor. Further research determined that the hyperglycaemic action of glucagon is mediated by increased hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to increase endogenous glucose production. Insulin and glucagon as opposing hormones work together for glycaemic control. Diabetic hyperglycaemia is caused by increased impaired insulin action and inappropriately elevated glucagon levels. This review summarizes an important function of glucagon is its role as a regulator of glucose homeostasis. Increased plasma glucagon levels lead to increased hepatic glucose production. The balance between insulin and glucagon is responsible for maintaining euglycaemia conditions. In conditions of hypoglycaemia, increased glucagon secretion leads to increased hepatic glucose production through a number of cellular mechanisms including suppression of glycogenesis and glycolysis and stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
What is the function of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in pain processes? Hamdi, Tasrif
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): February
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71197/jsocmed.v2i2.63

Abstract

At the cellular level, the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain can be divided into two parts. The first is the early phase (several days) and the second is the late phase (ranging from weeks to months and years). Cancer cell growth in the periphery will cause nerve damage in the periphery and prolonged pain will cause changes in nerve transmission processes in the periphery and centre. This underlies the occurrence of peripheral neuropathic pain. Damage to peripheral nerve tissue will trigger peripheral sensitisation and then central sensitisation. After peripheral nerve cell damage (including axon damage), schwan cells will release MMP-9, initiating macrophage cell infiltration. Then there will be degradation of myelin basic protein. The presence of damaged axons will cause an increase in the number of sodium channels and hyperexcitability of ectopic signals from afferent nerve fibres. The result is a continuous action potential that eventually contributes to central sensitisation characterised by hyperalgesia and allodynia. This review summarizes that neuropathic pain occurs through hyperexcitability (hypersensitisation) of nerve cells is IL-1β, MMP-9 in the early phase, MMP-2 in the late phase and finally microglia and astrocyte cells.
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis infection in HIV: A Review Wahyudi, Hendra
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): February
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71197/jsocmed.v2i2.64

Abstract

The high prevalence and increasing incidence of HIV has adversely affected the control of several endemic diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). In HIV there is a progressive decrease in CD4 T cells which is associated with progressive damage to immunity, in the form of a severe decrease in digestive tract lymphoid cells, erythrocyte apoptosis, increased permeability of the digestive tract and finally massive CD4 T cell destruction. HIV will attempt to enter target cells (dendrite cells, macrophage cells), which are cells capable of expressing CD4 T cell receptors and express chemokine coreceptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the surface of CD4 T cells. HIV utilises CXCR4 to destroy CD4 T cells at acute onset, resulting in a decrease in CD4 T cell numbers. The condition of decreased CD4 T cell count in HIV will also be aggravated by the presence of TB co-infection. CD4 T cells contribute to controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV patients can also weaken the cytokine immunity of interfor-γ, interleukin-10 patients in HIV infection. HIV-1 induces a decrease in CD4+ levels and the development of active tuberculosis. This review summarizes that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has an important component, Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), which has a broad ability to inhibit the influence of immunoregulators, thereby suppressing the proliferation of T lymphocytes, inhibiting macrophage activation and neutralising the influence of free radicals. Decreased immune status and nutritional status due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can accelerate the course of HIV infection towards AIDS.
Prognostic Value of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), Right Ventricular Fractional Area Changes (RV FAC) and Pulses Tissue Doppler S' Wave (PTD S') at 30 Days after Care of Acute Miocardial Infarction Patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Ilhami, Fadli; Nasution, Ali Nafiah; Andra, Cut Aryfa
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 5 (2023): May
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i5.65

Abstract

Introduction: Echocardiography is a reliable and simple method of hemodynamic monitoring that can be used on every IMA patient. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), Right Ventricular Fractional Aera Changes (RV FAC), and Pulses Tissue Doppler S' Wave (PTD S') are the three main parameters of ventricular electrocardiography. The purpose of this study is to understand the reliability of the right ventricle function prognostic indicators TAPSE, PTD S', and RV FAC with regard to the MACE at 30 days following the occurrence of the AMI in RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan Method: This study is an ambispective observational analytic study with sampling carried out at one time (cross-sectional study) on 88 AMI patients at the HAM Hospital who were treated from March 2022 to June 2022 and performed echocardiography in the first 24 hours and measured TAPSE, PTD S' and RV FAC. And followed for 30 days to see the MACE in patients. Bivariate test was conducted to assess the correlation between variables. To determine which independent variables were more effective at predicting MACE, a multivariate logistic regression test was then run. The effectiveness of the independent factors in predicting MACE was also assessed using ROC analysis. Results: The total subjects were 88 AMI patients consisting of 39 (44.3%) patients who experienced MACE and 49 (55.6%) patients who didn’t. The prognostic values of TAPSE, PTDS' and RV FAC on MACE at 30 days were related by bivariate analysis with P Value 0.001 but only PTD S’ showed logistic regression results that were consistent with P Value < 0.001. Based on ROC analysis obtained by PTD S' can predict MACE with AUC = 0.894 Conclusion: Echocardiographic measurement PTD S’ has a good prognostic value to predict MACE within 30 days in AMI patients.
Role of CRRT (Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy) as Management of Cardiac Arrest Patient with Postpartum Acute Lung Edema and Cardiomyopathy in the ICU Anwary, Army Zaka; Indriasari
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): June
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i6.66

Abstract

Introduction: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a type of renal replacement therapy commonly used in the ICU for hemodynamically unstable patients. CRRT can comprehensively achieve various goals such as reducing inflammatory mediators, alleviating fluid overload, and correcting acidosis. Therefore, whether CRRT is necessary and when to initiate CRRT are basic questions that intensivists must consider when treating critical patients in the ICU to achieve favorable outcomes. Method: This retrospective case report analyzed patient clinical data. The patient provided written informed consent to publish their case details and accompanying images. Results: We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with acute pulmonary edema and peripartum cardiomyopathy who experienced cardiac arrest prior to cesarean section. Postoperatively, the patient was admitted to the ICU, and CRRT was initiated to correct various complications. During treatment, the patient experienced clinical improvement and improvement in respiratory and renal function parameters until she was discharged from the ICU without neurological deficits. Conclusion: Early assessment, the decision to use CRRT, and comprehensive therapy are crucial for the successful treatment of post-cardiac arrest patients with pregnancy-related acute pulmonary edema and peripartum cardiomyopathy in the ICU.
Relationship Between P Wave Peak Time In Leads II And V1 With Left Ventricle Diastolic Function In Hypertension Patients Ihsan, Muhammad; Akbar, Nizam Zikri; Lubis, Hilfan Ade Putra
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): June
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i6.67

Abstract

Introduction: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is common in patients with hypertension. Inadequate management can cause complications such as hypertensive heart disease. Electrocardiography as a tool that is easy to find in health services is known to be able to detect left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between P wave peak time in leads II and V1 by electrocardiography with left ventricular diastolic function. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted by collecting 111 patients with a history of hypertension at RSUP HAM from October 2021 to November 2022. The P wave peak time was measured in leads II and V1 on the ECG. Diastolic function was assessed using echocardiography. A bivariate test was performed to assess the correlation between the two variables. Furthermore, ROC analysis was performed to assess the P wave peak time as a predictor of left ventricular diastolic function. Results: : Total subjects were 111 hypertensive patients consisting of 49 (31.4%) hypertensive patients with normal diastolic function and 62 (68.6%) hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction. In bivariate analysis, a significant difference was found between the P wave peak time in lead II of hypertensive patients with normal diastolic function and hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction (65.47± 2.5 vs 68.9 ± 2.7;p = 0.001). Based on the ROC analysis, it was found that the P wave peak time could predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients with AUC = 0.81 in lead II. Conclusion: The P wave peak time in lead II can be a predictor of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients.
Cardiovascular Disease with COVID-19 in Rural Area: Case Series Lubis, Rahmah Evelin; Tanzira, Diza; Arif, Nurhakiki Zahara
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 6 (2023): June
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i6.72

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic situation involving more than 100 countries with a total case globally that has reached more than 700 million cases. Data from WHO reports that about > 7% of patients experience myocardial injury, and 22% of them are patients with critical illness conditions. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs when the surface spike protein of the virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is a receptor that can bind directly to viral surface spike proteins which is expressed in the lungs as well as in intestinal epithelium, kidneys, vascular epithelium and heart. Cases: There are three confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported. Case one is about Inferior ST-Elevation ACS. Case two is Non-ST Elevation ACS with differential diagnose Unstable Angina Pectoris and lastly case number three is about Ventricular Tachycardia. Conclusion: Cardiovascular Disease now causes the most deaths in low-and middle-income countries. Many COVID-19 patients have comorbid cardiovascular disease, or have experienced an acute injury to the heart during the course of their illness
Relationship between Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and Waist Hip Ratio with Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Fitri, Fasihah Irfani; Novita, Oriza; Hutagalung, Haflin Soraya
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 7 (2023): July
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i7.60

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a common complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in which the underlying mechanism are insulin resistance and associated central obesity. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) have been used as markers for insulin resistance and central obesity, respectively, but their direct association with cognition remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between HOMA-IR and WHR with cognitive function in T2DM patients. Method: This was a correlative analytic study with a cross sectional design involving T2DM pateints. The HOMA-IR was assessed based on blood laboratory results, the WHR was measured by dividing circumference of the waist by the circumference of the hips and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA). Results: : There were 56 patients included in the study. There was no significant relationship between HOMA-IR and cognitive function in T2DM patients (p=0.276; r=0.148). There was also no significant relationship between WHR and cognitive function (p = 0.499; r = 0.092). Conclusion: The HOMA-IR and WHR were not correlated with cognitive function in T2DM.
The Association Between ASPECTS Score and Dysphagia in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Saragih, Diko Hamonangan; Cut Aria Arina; Nasution, Iskandar
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 7 (2023): July
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i7.68

Abstract

Introduction: The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a scoring system assessed from CT scans to investigate the involvement of brain regions experiencing early ischemic changes. Lower scores are known to be associated with worse conditions and the occurrence of complications such as dysphagia. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ASPECTS scores and the occurrence of dysphagia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan from November 2022 to January 2023. ASPECTS scores were assessed based on CT scan results, while dysphagia was evaluated using the GUSS score. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to assess the relationship between the two variables. Results: : A total of 34 subjects were included in this study. Among them, 11 (32.4%) subjects experienced dysphagia. The median ASPECTS score was 8 (range 3-9). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant association between ASPECTS scores and the occurrence of dysphagia (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between ASPECTS scores and the occurrence of dysphagia.
Evan’s Index Values and Its Relationship with Individual Characteristics (Age and Gender) in Head CT-Scan Examination at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan 2021-2022 Zamzami, Muhammad Avicienna; Daulay, Elvita Rahmi; Indharty, Suzy
Journal of Society Medicine Vol. 2 No. 7 (2023): July
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/jsocmed.v2i7.69

Abstract

Introduction: Enlargement of the ventricles caused by disturbances in the production, flow, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid is known as hydrocephalus.Radiological examinations such as computed tomography (CT) play an important role in establishing the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Assessment of ventricular enlargement in most cases is done subjectively and based on radiological experience. Objectively, ventricular size can be assessed by linear ratios on CT. Evan's index (EI) is the simplest and most reliable method for assessing ventricular size. Age and sex have an influence on the size of the ventricles. The aim of this study was to determine the average Evan's Index and its relationship with individual characteristics (age and sex) in patients who underwent head CT scans at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Method: This study used a case series design to determine the relationship between individual characteristics (age and gender) with the Evan's Index value and to obtain an average normal Evan's Index value in patients who underwent head CT scans at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan. Results: : The highest sample age was in the 19-30 year age group, namely 39 people (35%). In this study, there were more female subjects, namely 51% compared to males (49%). Mean + standard deviation and median (min-max) in Evan’s Index data were 0,26 + 0,03 and 0,25 (0,2-0,36). There was a significant correlation between age and the Evan's Index (p <0.001) with a moderate degree of correlation (0.442). There was no significant relationship between gender and Evan's Index (p=0,121; ηp2=0,022). There was no significant difference between education levels and the average Evan's Index (p=0.434). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the increase in the age group of the participants and the increase in the EI value which is linear and correlative. There was no difference in EI values between gender and level of formal education regardless of the age group of the individuals analyzed.

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