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Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan

jtkl
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Published by Politeknik Negeri Malang

ISSN : 25798537 EISSN : 25799746 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

JTKL editors welcome manuscripts in the form of research articles, literature review, or case reports that have not been accepted for publication or even published in other scientific journals. Articles published in cover key areas in the development of chemical and environmental engineering sciences, such as: Energy Waste treatment Unit operation Thermodynamic Process simulation Development and application of new material Chemical engineering reaction Biochemical Biomass Corrosion technology The "JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA DAN LINGKUNGAN" journal is a peer-reviewed Open Access scientiﬁc journal published by Politeknik Negeri Malang. This journal ﬁrst appeared in October 2017. The main purpose of the journal was to support publication of the results of scientiﬁc and research activities in the field of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. It is published twice a year in April and October.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 133 Documents

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Pembuatan Asam Laktat dari Selulosa oleh Bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii dengan Selulase dari Bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus circulans Yanty Maryanty; Fandi Lintang Wahyu Saputra; Robby Prasetyo
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Bakteri asam laktat memanfaatkan gula sebagai sumber energi, pertumbuhan, dan menghasilkan metabolit berupa asam laktat selama proses fermentasi. Gula berupa monomer glukosa dapat diperoleh dari hidrolisis atau pemutusan ikatan pada selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi asam laktat dari media selulosa menggunakan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). SSF diharapkan bermanfaat untuk pengembangan produksi asam laktat yang efektif dari limbah lignoselulosa. Pada tahap pertama, selulosa digunakan oleh Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus circulans untuk memproduksi enzim selulase. Tahap kedua, enzim selulase kemudian digunakan untuk sakarifikasi selulosa menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa yang diperoleh difermentasi oleh Lactobacillus delbrueckii menghasilkan asam laktat. Proses pada tahap kedua ini terjadi secara simultan, setelah itu proses fermentasinya digunakan metode SSF, dengan variasi konsentrasi enzim selulase untuk proses sakarifikasi berasal dari Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus circulans. Proses awal pembuatan enzim selulase menggunakan bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Bacillus circulans sebagai variabel dan waktu inkubasi selama 84 jam. Enzim selulase selanjutnya digunakan untuk mendegradasi media selulosa dalam proses SSF menjadi glukosa yang selanjutnya akan difermentasi oleh Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Pada proses SSF dengan inokulum Bacillus circulans diperoleh asam laktat tertinggi pada kadar enzim selulase 10% yaitu 1,29% dan dengan inokulum Bacillus subtilis pada kadar enzim selulase 5% yaitu 1,24%. Lactic acid bacteria use sugar as an energy source, growth, and produce metabolites in the form of lactic acid during the fermentation process. This research aimed to make lactic acid from cellulose used Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Cellulose is composed of glucose monomers. This method is expected to be useful for the development of significant lactic acid production from lignocellulosic waste. In the first stage, cellulose was used by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans to produce cellulase enzymes. In the second stage, the cellulase enzyme is then used to saccharify cellulose to produce glucose. The glucose fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii to produce lactic acid. The fermentation process uses the SSF method with various concentrations of cellulase enzymes. The initial process by making cellulase enzymes first used the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans as variables, and the incubation time was 84 hours. The cellulase enzyme is then used to degrade cellulose media in the SSF process into glucose, which will then be fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii. In the SSF process with Bacillus circulans inoculum, the highest lactic acid was obtained at 10% cellulase enzyme levels, amounting to 1.29%, and with Bacillus subtilis inoculums at 5% cellulase enzyme levels, amounting to 1.24%.

The Effect of Adding Vinasse for Biochar Production from Bagasse by Pyrolysis Method Eko Naryono; Susanto Susanto; Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara; Cucuk Evi Lusiani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

The increasing industrial waste was caused problems for the environment. Bagasse is a solid waste produced from the sugar industry. Vinasse is bioethanol industry liquid waste from molasses which contains much nutrients. The vinasse and bagasse in this study was developed into biochar. This study aimed to determine the effect of vinasse addition on biochar characteristics. The yield and characteristics of the biochar were then compared. Based on gravimetric, pH, and SEM-EDX analysis, the result indicated that adding vinasse to the biochar was increasing yield, water content and ash content, lowering pH, and tend to increase nutrient levels (carbon, nitrogen, and potassium). The biochar produced from bagasse and vinasse by pyrolysis had a yield of 6.682-9.406%; water content of 7.0-8.2%; ash content of 4.8-13.6%; at pH 8.4-88; carbon content (C) of 65.07-80.88%; nitrogen (N) content of 2.06-8.66%; and potassium (K) levels of 0.00-2.15%, while phosphorus (P) levels were not detected in SEM-EDX analysis. Based on the consideration of the highest levels of nitrogen and potassium elements needed by plants, the optimum biochar was obtained from bagasse with a vinasse of 7.5%.

Efektifitas Metode Kombinasi Pasir Zeolit dan Arang Aktif dalam Pengolahan Air Lindi di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Mega Gemala; Nurul Ulfah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

TPA Sei Nam Kijang merupakan TPA yang menggunakan sistem sanitary landfill dalam pengelolaan sampah. Kolam penampungan air lindi di TPA tersebut kurang berfungsi dengan baik terlihat dari warna air lindi hitam coklat kepekatan, terdapat lumut dipermukaan air lindi, dan masih tercium bau yang menyengat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifas kombinasi pasir zeolit dan arang aktif dalam mereduksi parameter fisika dan kimia pada air lindi. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kombinasi arang aktif dan pasir zeolit efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD, COD, N total, TSS dan pH air lindi pada tiga jenis ketebalan. Efektifitas tertinggi dalam menurunkan TSS adalah ketebalan 10cm sebesar 11,76%. Efektifitas tertinggi dalam menurunkan kadar pH, COD, BOD dan N total adalah ketebalan 20cm sebesar 19,6%, 22,6%, 35,5% dan 33,33%. Untuk Hg dan Cd, proses filtrasi untuk setiap ketebalan tidak efektif dalam menurunkan kadar logam berat tersebut. Sanitary landfill is used method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in Sei Nam Kijang dumpling land. Leachate evaporation pond in a landfill site is not working properly which can be seen from the dark brown color of leachate, the moss on the surface of leachate water, and the odor. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a combination of zeolite sand and activated charcoal in reducing physical and chemical parameters in leachate with variations in thickness used, namely 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The results showed that the combination of activated charcoal and zeolite sand is effective in reducing levels of BOD, COD, total N, TSS, and pH of leachate water in all three types of thickness. The highest effectiveness in reducing TSS is 10cm thickness of 11.76%. The highest effectiveness in reducing total pH, COD, BOD and N is 20cm thickness by 19.6%, 22.6%, 35.5% and 33.33%. For Hg and Cd, the filtration process for each thickness is not effective in reducing levels of heavy metals.

Aplikasi Microwave Hydrodistillation pada Ekstraksi Biji Kapulaga Y. Tri Rahkadima; Anggun Fitria Laila Ningsih; Medya Ayunda Fitri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Minyak Atsiri dari kapulaga memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang industri maupun kesehatan. Metode alternatif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan karena metode konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil minyak atsiri dari proses ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan soxhlet dan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistilation . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk biji kapulaga seberat 40 gram yang telah dipisahkan dari bahan impuritiesnya . Pada metode ekstraksi Soxhlet , n-heksan digunakan sebagai pelarut, sementara itu pada metode ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistilation menggunakan aquadest sebagai pelarutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen yield tertinggi diperoleh saat menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet yaitu sebesar 3,608% dengan volume pelarut 250 ml , waktu ekstraksi 6 jam. Penggunaan aquades dalam metode microwave hydro-distilation tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal jika dibandingkan metode konventional ekstraksi soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan. Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits in the field of industry and health. Alternative methods are needed to optimize the quality and quantity of essential oils produced because conventional methods have many disadvantages. This study aims to compare the results of essential oils from conventional extraction processes using Soxhlet and Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction. The study was conducted using cardamom seed powder weighing 40 grams which had been separated from the impurities. In the Soxhlet extraction method, n-hexane is used as a solvent, while in the Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction method uses aquadest as the solvent. The results showed that the highest percent yield was obtained when using the Soxhlet extraction method which was 3.608% with a volume of solvent of 250 ml, extraction time of 6 hours. The use of distilled water in the microwave hydro-distillation method does not give maximum results when compared to the conventional method of extracting Soxhlet with n-hexane solvent.

Peningkatan Karakteristik Biodegradable Plastics dari Kulit Pisang Candi dengan Penambahan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Clay S. Sigit Udjiana; Sigit Hadiantoro; Anang Takwanto; Anugrah Windy Mustikarini
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Biodegradable plastics adalah plastik yang memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan. Kulit pisang candi berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bioplastik karena mengandung pati sebesar 28,488 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh plasticizer (sorbitol) dan filler (kalsium silikat dan clay) terhadap kuat tarik, % elongasi, % biodegradasi dan % absorpsi bioplastik. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, semakin banyak filler clay atau kalsium silikat maka bioplastik memiliki kuat tarik yang besar dan % elongasi yang semakin kecil. Semakin banyak clay yang ditambahkan maka semakin besar daya absorpsi terhadap air, namun semakin banyak kalsium silikat yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil daya absorpsi terhadap air. Semakin banyak filler kalsium silikat dan clay maka semakin kecil % biodegradasi bioplastik. Semakin banyak jumlah sorbitol yang ditambahkan maka semakin besar % elongasi, % biodegradasi dan % water absorption namun semakin kecil % kuat tarik. Bioplastik dengan penambahan filler kalsium silikat memiliki kuat tarik antara 4,11-22,08 Mpa, % elongasi antara 2,17%-57,95%, % water absorption antara 67,26%-120% dan %biodegradasi antara 0,61%-19,22%. Bioplastik dengan penambahan filler clay memiliki kuat tarik antara 2,38-14,05 Mpa, %elongasi antara 2,11%-46,24%, % water absorption antara 79,07%-150,67% dan %biodegradasi antara 1,17%-34,54%. Biodegradable plastics is plastic which has environmentally properties. Candi banana peels potential to be used as a basic material for making bioplastics because it contains 28,488% starch. The aims of our research is to determine the effect of plasticizer (sorbitol) and filler (calcium silicate and clay) on tensile strength, elongation (%), biodegradation (%) and bioplastic absorption (%). Based on the result, the more amount of calcium silicate or clay filler added, the larger tensile strength and the smaller % elongation. The more amount of clay added, the greater absorption capacity of water, but the more calcium silicate added, the smaller absorption capacity of water. The more amount calcium silicate filler added, the smaller the biodegradation of bioplastic, but in the data based on clay filler, % biodegradation decreased. The more amount of sorbitol added, the greater % elongation, % biodegradation and % water absorption, but the smaller % tensile strength. Bioplastics with calcium silicate as filler has tensile strength between 4.11-22.08 Mpa, % elongation between 2.17% -57.95%, % water absorption between 67.26% -120% and % biodegradation between 0.61-19.22%. Bioplastics with clay as filler has tensile strength between 2.38-14.05 MPa, % elongation between 2.11%-46.24%, % water absorption between 79.07%-150.67% and % biodegradation between 1,17% -34.54%.

Biodegradable Foam dari Pati Sagu Terasitilasi dengan Penambahan Blowing Agent NaHCO3 Nanik Hendrawati; Agung Ari Wibowo; Rosita Dwi Chrisnandari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Biodegradable foam berbahan dasar pati merupakan kemasan alternatif pengganti Styrofoam. Namun foam berbahan pati mempunyai sifat rapuh, sensitive terhadap air dan membutuhkan tambahan perlakuan untuk meningkatan kekuatan, fleksibilitas dan ketahanan terhadap air untuk bisa diaplikasikan secara komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan NaHCO3 dan asam sitrat pada pembuatan biodegradable foam dari pati sagu alami dan terasetilasi. Proses modifikasi dilakukan dengan cara asetilasi yang bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan termoplastis dan sifat hidrofobik. Proses pembuatan biodegradable foam menggunakan metode baking process. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi blowing agent dengan perbandingan NaHCO3 dan asam sitrat (1,3:1). Variabel yang digunakan mulai 0; 10; 12; 15; s/d 18 % w/w dari pati sagu. Hasil pengujian biodegradable foam dari pati sagu terasetilasi didapatkan nilai water absorbtion, kuat tarik, dan densitas lebih rendah dan sebaliknya pada uji biodegradability mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi dari pati sagu alami. Analisa SEM dilakukan pada biodegradable foam dengan penambahan blowing agent sebesar 12%, didapatkan bentuk morfologi closed cell dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel sebesar 32,02 μm pada biodegradable foam dari pati sagu alami dan 39,34 μm pada biodegradable foam dari pati sagu terasetilasi. Analisa FT-IR pada pati terasetilasi menghasilkan gugus C=O karbonil dengan bilangan gelombang sebesar 1650 cm-1. Biodegradable foam based on starch is an alternative packaging for styrofoam. However foams made from starch are brittle, sensitive to water and require further treatments to improve their strength, flexibility, and water resistance for commercial applications. The objective of this research to determine the effect of NaHCO3 and citric acid addition to produce biodegradable foam from natural and acetylated sago starch. The modification process is carried out by acetylation, the aim of modification to improve thermoplastic capabilities and hydrophobic properties. Biodegradable foam production is carried out by using the baking process method. The variables used were the concentration of blowing agent with a ratio of NaHCO3 and citric acid (1.3: 1). The various concentration were used 0; 10; 12; 15; 18% w / w of sago starch. The results showed that biodegradable foam based acetylated sago starch have lower of water absorption , tensile strength, density , however have higher biodegradability value than natural sago starch. SEM analysis was carried out on biodegradable foam with the addition of blowing agent by 12%, obtained closed cell morphology with an average particle size of 32.02 μm on biodegradable foam from native sago starch and 39.34 μm in biodegradable foam from acetylated sago starch. The FT-IR analysis of the acetylated starch produced a group C = O carbonyl with a wave number of 1650 cm-1.

Sintesis Hidrogel Pektin – Gelatin dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Sebagai Kandidat Pembalut Luka Bakar Fadhil Muhammad Tarmidzi; Inggit Kresna Maharsih; Tina Raihatul Jannah; Cici Sari Wahyuni
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Wound dressing technique currently applies modern wound care methods by maintaining the environmental isolation of the wound in a closed and moist state. There are several types of wound dressing that have been developed, one of them is hydrogel. Hydrogel is sheet-shaped wound dressings which have the ability to absorb exudate and have good stability acidic pH that can be used for the treatment of burns. In this study, hydrogel were made using natural polymers such as pectin and gelatin. The two polymers were combined using crosslinking method with the addition of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The addition of citric acid has affect on the characteristics of the hydrogel material produced, therefore the right amount is needed to obtain a hydrogel with good mechanical properties. Hydrogel also added by an active substance in the form of flavonoids from dragon fruit peel extract that can be used as a wound dressing to cure burns. This study resulting hydrogel with a concentration of 4% citric acid (Hydrogel CA 4%) produced highest value of swelling, tensile strength, and elongation are 890%, 0.05 Mpa, and 200%, repectively. The mechanical properties of Hydrogel CA 4% was proved by FTIR test that had been carried out, namely the presence of C=O carbonyl group as a result of the esterification reaction that occurred between the polymers and citric acid in the absorption area of 1733.9 cm-1.

Aplikasi Response Surface Methodology pada Optimasi Penambahan Blast Furnace Slag Terhadap Waktu Pengikatan dan Kuat Tekan Semen Hardjono Hardjono; Cucuk Evi Lusiani; Agung Ari Wibowo; Mochammad Agung Indra Iswara
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

The production of clinker consumes high energy and causes high production cost of cement industry. It can be reduced by adding blast furnace slag as a mixture in cement production. The blast furnace slag - clinker mixture can produce cement with setting time and compressive strength according to SNI. The effect of the addition of blast furnace slag as a clinker mixture to the setting time and compressive strength of cement can be optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Central Composite Design (CCD). Optimization by using RSM aims to determine the optimum condition of the blast furnace slag – clinker mixture to the initial setting time, final setting time, and compressive strength. ANOVA test results and response surface analysis show that the addition of blast furnace slag into the cement mixture has a significant influence on the initial setting time, final setting time, and compressive strength. The addition of 5% blast furnace slag with 92.5% clinker in the mixture of clinker and gypsum is the optimum condition which gives a significant effect on the response variable.

Engineering and Economic Evaluation of Production of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Asha E. Harman; Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle production from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale feasibility. The evaluation was conducted using 2 models of feasibility studies, namely: technical analysis and economic evaluation. Technical analysis provides information on the potential for large-scale production and the results of this process can be applied using commercially available and inexpensive equipment. Economic evaluation is based on a comparison of the Cumulative Net Present Value graph in an ideal condition and the graph when parameters changing are made (such as changes in the dollar exchange rate, the quantity of sales products, and the value of employee salaries). From the evaluation results, all parameter changes give a positive value indicating that the project is feasible to run commercially and on a large scale. This is because the evaluation results provide a stable index of profit for some changes in parameter values. This study shows that Fe 3 O 4 fabrication can provide promising profits in developing countries and can attract foreign investors to work together on Fe 3 O 4 fabrication.

Penurunan Kadar Lignin pada Fermentasi Limbah Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Phanerochaete chrysosporium Sri Rulianah; Prayitno; Christyfani Sindhuwati; Dessi Ria Ambar Ayu; Khalimatus Sa’diyah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Mahogany wood waste is a type of hard wood agricultural waste containing lignocellulose which is quite high. In mahogany wood waste also contains lignin which is quite high, so the level of lignin must be reduced so that the cellulose can be used as glucose. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a type of mold that is able to degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and the addition of mahogany wood waste to the reduction of lignin content in the fermentation of mahogany wood waste using Phanerochaete chrysosporium molds. The study was conducted by drying and reducing the size of mahogany wood waste, then fermentation of mahogany wood waste with Phanerochaete chrysosporium with a span of 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days, and the addition of mahogany wood waste 5, 6 and 7%. Before and after the fermentation process, lignin levels were analyzed. The best results from this study were obtained at 17 days of fermentation and the addition of 5% mahogany wood powder, obtained a decrease in lignin content of 85,33 %.

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Agung Ari Wibowo

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Home Page

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Contact Name Agung Ari Wibowo

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Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Agung Ari Wibowo

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agung.ari@polinema.ac.id

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+62341404424

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jtkl@polinema.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA