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Sugih Nugroho
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Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 20876017     EISSN : 25030868     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17510/paradigma
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal published by the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia. This journal accepts original articles about various issues in cultural science, which include but is not limited to philosophy, literature, archeology, anthropology, linguistics, history, cultural studies, philology, arts, library, and information science focused on studies and research.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 289 Documents
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Lesson from the Past, Knowledge for the Future: Roles of Human Memories in Earthquake and Tsunami Narratives in Mentawai, Indonesia Tulius, Juniator
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Oral traditions are an important part of the culture of most Indonesian communities. Mentawai, an ethnic group residing in Mentawai Islands of Indonesia, has various genres of oral tradition. Traditional knowledge and local wisdom pertaining to natural disasters are also part of their oral tradition. Mentawai Islands are located along active tectonic plates, where earthquakes commonly occur at various magnitudes. Records show that great earthquakes and tsunamis hit Mentawai Islands several times in 1797, 1833, 2007, and 2010. Surprisingly, earthquakes occurring some hundred years ago do not seem to appear in Mentawai oral tradition. This is slightly different from communities in Simeulue, Solomon, and Andaman Islands whose natives still remember some devastating catastrophes that occurred in the past. People’s collective memories play an important role in upholding significant messages from past natural disasters. Some of those messages contain important lessons on how to cope with natural disasters if they should occur again. As a result, the majority of inhabitants of those islands survived future catastrophes because they remembered the lessons contained in their oral tradition. This is totally different in Mentawai where more than 500 people died during the 2010 earthquake and tsunami. Because of this, the Mentawai case becomes an interesting topic of study. This paper aims, therefore, to find out the reasons behind this apparent lack of oral tradition pertaining to the earthquakes and tsunamis that occurred several hundred years ago.
Konfusianisme sebagai Sabuk Pengaman RRT Muas, R. Tuty Nur Mutia Enoch
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 2
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Abstract

The slogans propagated by Chinese leader Hu Jintao—namely “rise in peace”, “a harmonious socialist society”, and “a harmonious world”—reflects the country’s age-old Confucian values. Considering the fact that the PRC only recognizes communism as the state ideology and that Confucianism was subjected to harsh criticism during the Cultural Revolution era (1966–1976), the presence of Confucian values in PRC’s political propaganda becomes an interesting research topic. Both Confucianism and communism put the state as the center of power and sovereignty. This research used the historicalchronological approach by examining the attitude of the PRC government towards Confucianism from 1980 to 2012. Results show that such a consistent philosophy has been successful in strengthening the government’s legitimacy. As it continues to rise, the PRC needs to adopt a robust philosophical basis such as Confucianism to serve as part of its soft power. Confucianism has been adjusted to the country’s current situations and utilized so extensively for decades that it can be considered as PRC’s main vehicle for national development. This article examines and presents the historical role of Confucianism in PRC’s rise.
Kasus Ujaran Kebencian dalam Berita Surat Kabar di Hindia Belanda Nugraha, Fajar Muhammad; de Archellie, Reynaldo; Clement, Cresentia Carra Nethania
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 3
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Abstract

This article is a preliminary study that explores past events of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, specifically describing criminal cases of hate speech or haatzaai depicted in newspaper news between 1879 and 1942. The Dutch East Indies colonial government controlled freedom of thought, expression, and politics of the native population by using the legal instruments Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Nederlandsch Indie, especially articles 154, 155, 156, and 157. These four articles are known as haatzaai artikelen. This regulation was published and enforced in the Dutch East Indies in 1918. This article uses twenty-eight newspaper news articles published in ten cities on the islands of Java and Sumatra as the primary sources. This is research that uses historical methods by gathering primary and secondary sources in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), and the Constitutional Institution voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) (Jakarta). This article concludes that based on the news articles found, haatzaai artikelen, as a repressive legal product, is not only used by the colonial government to control people’s behavior but also used by fellow members of the community of East Indies to quarrel with each other in many cases of hatred, incitement, and defamation.
Krakatau on Fire, The Disaster of 1883 in Dutch Colonial Literature: A Postcolonial Approach Honings, Rick
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 3
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Abstract

In 1883, the volcano Krakatau erupted and collapsed, causing the deaths of tens of thousands. The eruption was one of the first disasters to take place beyond the Dutch boundaries that received so much attention in the Netherlands. Although the disaster appealed to the imagination, it barely led to the publication of fiction. Only in Dutch Indies youth literature can one find something about the Krakatau. In this article, four Dutch stories and novels are analysed: “Stories of the moon” by Nellie van Kol-Porreij, The hermit of Rakata or Krakatau on fire by Robert Michael Ballantyne, “Nine Months on Krakatau” by B.L. Kailola and Escaped from the jaws of death: The Krakatau tragedy by Rick Blekkink. These sources are analysed from a postcolonial perspective, focusing on unequal power relations. Focal points are the representation of the Indies and the indigenous people of the colony. This article illustrates the continuities and shifts in the representations over de course of time (1886–2014).
Eksistensi dan Pewarisan Budaya Tuku dalam Masyarakat Pulau Ndao (Orang Ndao) Kabupaten Rote Ndao Ntt Luji, Daud Saleh
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 3
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Abstract

On Ndao Island, Ndao Nuse Subdistrict, Rote Ndao Regency, the people have two prominent skills and have become the livelihoods of the people on the island, namely weaving skills (manènnu) and craftsmen or silversmiths (tuku). The two skills of the above Ndao island community are passed on by parents with informal and non-formal education patterns, but the two cultures experience different developments. Manènnu culture is still developing today among women while tuku culture is almost extinct. To find out the existence and cause of near extinction of Tuku’s skills, this research was carried out with the formulation of the problem as follows: 1) how the existence of silver or tuku craftsmen on Ndao Island; 2) what is the cause of the almost endangered skill of silversmiths or tuku in Ndao Island; 3) how are the efforts of the people of Ndao Island to pass down the culture of silversmiths or tuku to young generation. This study aims: 1) to find out the existence of silver or tuku craftsmen on Ndao Island; 2) to find out the cause of the almost endangered skill of silversmiths or tuku in Ndao Island; 3) to know the efforts of the people of Ndao Island to pass down the culture of silversmiths or tuku to their young generation. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with interview and observation techniques for data collection. From the results of data analysis it can be concluded the following matters: First, there is an effort of cultural inheritance in society but does not use the right pattern. Second, the lack of interest in the younger generation to learn tuku. Third, the existence of cultural assimilation is the inclusion of a new method of fishing that is using a large trawl boat with a large trawl type so that many young people from Ndao Island who do not want to learn tuku skills and prefer to be subordinates to lampara boats whose income is actually far below the skills of tuku. Besides that, there are many people who pursue seaweed cultivation, the Fourth. The more difficult the silver raw materials in the community. The fifth pattern of cultural inheritance is not done well and well organized.
Revisiting Ethnicity in Southeast Asia Resminingayu, Dewi Hermawati
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 3
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Abstract

To explain ethnicity, scholars have come to an endless discussion providing a wide spectrum of ethnicity throughout the world. Various perspectives have been suggested to comprehend the notion of ethnicity. To this point, there are three most well-known perspectives to explain this term, namely primordialism, instrumentalism, and constructivism approach. Most scholars commonly apply one approach to dissect a case study related to ethnicity. Few have ombined two approaches, for each approach seems to contradict one another. However, this paper suggests that those three approaches can be simultaneously applied if critically used to discern certain case studies related to ethnicity in Southeast Asia. This argument will be elaborated into the analysis of ethnic identity for the minority and majority groups in Indonesia and Thailand.
Neoliberalism and Reconfiguration of the Diaspora in Contemporary Indonesia Latifa, Inditian
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 9, No. 1
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Abstract

In most studies on globalization and transnationalism, diaspora is positioned in a conflicting and antagonistic relationship with the nation-state regime. Nevertheless, the global ascendancy of neoliberalism as a market-based mode of governing populations has brought certain changes to the relationship between the diaspora and home countries which call for further research. This essay investigates the implications of neoliberalism for diasporic kinship ties by examining emergent discourses in contemporary Indonesia that constitute an elite-led project on diasporas known as the Indonesian Diaspora Network (IDN) Global. Based on a social constructionist analysis of data gathered from activities, media reporting, and promotional materials associated with IDN Global, this essay argues that neoliberal reconfigurations of Indonesian diasporic identities manifest in two ways: unequal representation between manual workers and professionals and change of rhetoric on kinship ties as a strategic asset. Such findings reveal a more complicated and calculative relationship between the Indonesian diaspora and the Indonesian home country that complicate the valorization of diaspora against national regimes.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Pustakawan Bagian Layanan Sirkulasi Perpustakaan Umum Kota Depok Galih, Hadyan Aldio; Fauziah, Kiki
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 9, No. 1
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Abstract

This study discusses the interpersonal communication between librarians in the circulation service unit of Depok Public Library. The purpose of this research is to identify the quality of interpersonal communication between librarians in the circulation services unit. This research used qualitative approach with case study method. The results of this study indicate that the interpersonal communication between librarians in Depok Public Library when serving the library users was done properly and in a good manner, in general. However, research findings also indicate that the librarians tended to show a rather superior attitude toward the users. Such attitude made the librarians look less proactive and sympathetic when serving the users.
Kebijakan Pembangunan Tol Laut dan Potensi Dampaknya pada Tinggalan Kapal Asing Bersejarah yang Karam di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia Putra, Hutomo
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 9, No. 1
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Abstract

The construction of sea toll roads is one of the manifestations of President Jokowi’s superior program for strengthening Indonesia’s identity as a maritime country and to develop Indonesia as a whole from west to east. The necessity for sea toll road construction aims to improve the distribution of goods and trade commodities, particularly for the purpose of balancing the economic gap between the western and eastern regions of Indonesia. On the other hand, the construction of sea toll roads could possibly have an impact on archaeological objects, especially the remains of historic shipwrecks that have sunk and spread in several Indonesian territorial waters. Moreover, some of these remains are located on or adjacent to sea lane paths which will indirectly be affected by the deepening of the program in the context of the sea toll road construction. This paper aims to disseminate information about the tangible proofs of Indonesian cultural richness and long maritime history that have not been fully revealed and are threatened by potential damage and destruction if no necessary action is taken. Most importantly, this paper attempts to propose a strategy for constructing sea toll roads by taking into account the use and preservation of potential historical shipwreck remains which are still scattered in several territorial waters of Indonesia.
Hulu ke Hilir: Jaringan dan Sistem Perniagaan Sungai Kerajaan Srivijaya Sadzali, Asyhadi Mufsi
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 9, No. 1
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Abstract

The Kedukan Bukit inscription was written in 682 AD. It is considered as the oldest inscription related to the kingdom of Srivijaya and an authentic proof of the advanced maritime culture of Srivijaya. This argument is supported by the fact that, geographically, Sumatra is endowed with hundreds of large and small rivers that have generated abundant natural resources from its upstream to downstream areas. Srivijaya must have utilized these natural conditions to facilitate the distribution of its trade commodities— pepper, camphor, resin, and gold—from the upstream regions (flowing through countless tributaries to the main rivers) to the coastal areas, and even further to the various ports in Southeast Asia. Archaeological methods were used to identify and analyze a number of findings in the form of ancient boat artifacts from Srvijaya period in terms of both their respective forms and positions as they were unearthed along the Batanghari and Musi watersheds, from the upstream to estuary areas. From these findings, it can be inferred that Srivijaya managed to build a pattern of distribution network of trade commodities and to develop a sophisticated boat technology to support it. The commodity distribution network started from the upstream areas, namely the feeder points, all the way down to the downstream areas, namely the collecting centers; then, the commodities would be transported to the estuary, namely the main port of Srivijaya, and then carried to various other ports throughout Southeast Asia. The development of boat technology is the second key to the success and effectiveness of the pattern of trade commodity distribution that Srivijaya created from its upstream to downstream areas. The combination of such distribution network pattern and the development of boat technology has successfully established Srivijaya’s image as the most influential maritime power in Southeast Asia in the ancient period.

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