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Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 29873924     EISSN : 29872286     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/mikailalsys
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science : MIKAILALSYS [2987-3924 (Print) and 2987-2286 (Online)] is a double blind peer reviewed and open access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Multidisciplinary Science. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students and policy makers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical review. All articles should be in English or Arabic. MIKAILALSYS publishes 3 editions a year in April, August, and December (Unless there is co-publication with conference organizers). MIKAILALSYS journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 448 Documents
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Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media Based on Assemblr Studio Web for Grade VII Junior High School Informatics Subjects Bella Anjani; Fetri Yeni J; Novrianti; Fitri Maiziani
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11539

Abstract

Local Area Network (LAN) concepts in the seventh-grade Informatics curriculum are relatively abstract, making it difficult for students to understand network topologies, inter-device relationships, and data communication processes. This study aimed to develop Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media using Assemblr Studio Web and evaluate its validity and practicality for teaching LAN concepts. The study employed a Research and Development approach based on the 4D model, comprising the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. Conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Palupuh, the study involved one subject-matter expert, two media experts, and 24 seventh-grade students. Data were collected using validation sheets and practicality questionnaires and analysed through mean scores and percentages. The findings showed that the developed learning media obtained a material validity score of 4.46 and a media validity score of 4.74, both of which were categorised as highly valid. The practicality assessment yielded a score of 86%, indicating that the media was highly practical for classroom use. The AR-based media provided interactive visualisations of Bus, Star, and Ring network topologies, thereby facilitating students’ understanding of LAN structures, relationships among devices, and data communication processes. The study concludes that the developed AR learning media is valid and practical for use in seventh-grade Informatics instruction. These findings demonstrate the potential of AR technology to support the concrete visualisation of abstract concepts, promote interactive learning, and strengthen the pedagogical integration of digital technology in Informatics education.
Defense Industry Cooperation as an Instrument of Indonesia–Türkiye Defense Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Harimau Medium Tank Joint Development Program Yunizir Iqbal; Pujo Widodo; Hendra Manurung
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11547

Abstract

Indonesia’s dependence on foreign defense suppliers has prompted efforts to strengthen domestic defense industrial capabilities through defense diplomacy and international industrial cooperation. This study aimed to analyze how Indonesia–Türkiye defense industrial cooperation contributes to Indonesia’s defense industrial autonomy from a Neo-Realist perspective. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, document analysis, and examination of relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that Indonesia–Türkiye cooperation extends beyond conventional defense procurement by incorporating technology transfer, joint development, and institutional coordination through the Defense Cooperation Agreement and the Defense Industry Cooperation Meeting. The Harimau Medium Tank program demonstrates that bilateral cooperation has strengthened Indonesia’s defense manufacturing and systems-integration capabilities while reducing strategic dependence on external suppliers. Nevertheless, defense industrial autonomy remains a gradual process because limitations in critical technologies, supporting industrial ecosystems, and human resource capacity continue to constrain domestic capability development. From a Neo-Realist perspective, this cooperation represents an internal balancing strategy through which Indonesia enhances its national defense capabilities while maintaining diversified international partnerships. The study concludes that collaborative defense industrial development can support the long-term pursuit of strategic autonomy, although its effectiveness depends on sustained technology absorption, institutional capacity, and industrial ecosystem development. This study contributes to defense and international relations scholarship by integrating defense diplomacy, defense industrial cooperation, and internal balancing within a unified analytical framework and by providing empirical evidence of how middle powers can pursue strategic autonomy through collaborative capability development.
Emotional Engagement with VAK-Informed Multimodal EFL Materials among Indonesian Senior High School Learners Rina Asrini Bakri; Saiful; Rahayu; Anugerah Febrian Syam
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11550

Abstract

Students’ emotional engagement remains a persistent challenge in many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, where instruction is frequently dominated by teacher-centered approaches and textbook-based materials. This study aimed to explore how multimodal EFL materials informed by Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic (VAK) learning principles shaped students’ emotional engagement in an Indonesian senior high school. A qualitative case study was conducted at SMA Negeri 20 Gowa during the 2024/2025 academic year. Through purposive sampling, one Grade XI class (XI-B) was selected from approximately 180 students based on its relatively comparable English proficiency and learning characteristics. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, students’ reflective journals, and classroom documentation and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five interconnected dimensions of emotional engagement: interest and enjoyment, confidence, motivation, active participation, and sense of belonging. Learning activities integrating visual, auditory, and kinesthetic experiences created a more interactive and supportive classroom environment, encouraging students to participate more confidently and collaboratively. Students also perceived the learning process as more enjoyable, meaningful, and relevant than conventional instruction. These findings demonstrate that VAK-informed multimodal materials can support emotionally engaging and learner-centered EFL instruction by strengthening students’ affective involvement, meaningful participation, and communicative interaction. This study contributes to the literature on emotional engagement and multimodal pedagogy by providing context-specific evidence from Indonesian secondary EFL education and offers practical implications for teachers designing inclusive instructional materials that accommodate diverse modes of learning.
Implementation of Government Policy in Addressing Junior High School (SMP) Dropouts in Pesisir Selatan Regency Nici Amanda; Syamsir Syamsir
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11558

Abstract

Junior high school dropout remains a persistent structural challenge in Pesisir Selatan Regency. During the 2023–2024 academic year, the Department of Education and Culture recorded 1,663 junior high school dropouts, with a dropout rate of 0.07%, exceeding the rates reported in Padang City (0.03%), Solok Regency (0.008%), and Solok City (0.003%). This condition persists despite the implementation of several government initiatives, including the Nine-Year Compulsory Education Program, School Operational Assistance (BOS/BOSDA), the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP), and the 2021–2026 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). This study aimed to analyze the implementation of government policies, identify implementation constraints, and examine the measures undertaken to address junior high school dropout in Pesisir Selatan Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Informants were purposively selected and included officials from the Junior High School Division of the Department of Education and Culture, school principals, guidance and counseling teachers, school dropouts, and parents from SMPN 9 Koto XI Tarusan, SMPN 3 IV Jurai, and SMPN 1 Batang Kapas. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation, validated through source triangulation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The analysis was guided by George C. Edwards III’s policy implementation framework, encompassing communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings indicate that the policies have been formally implemented, but their effectiveness is constrained by five interrelated factors: families’ economic burdens, particularly indirect educational costs; inadequate communication regarding access to non-formal education pathways; inconsistent procedures for removing students from the Basic Education Data System (Dapodik); peer-group influence and early marriage; and limited parental involvement, which primarily results from economic constraints rather than parental neglect. In response, the local government, schools, and guidance and counseling teachers have redirected school dropouts to Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM), strengthened mentoring and home-visit programs, expanded educational assistance, and increased oversight of BOS fund utilization. The study concludes that reducing school dropout in high-risk regions requires the simultaneous strengthening of all four dimensions of Edwards III’s policy implementation framework while ensuring that interventions remain responsive to local socioeconomic and cultural conditions. These findings contribute to educational policy implementation by demonstrating the need for integrated financial, administrative, communicative, and socio-cultural interventions to improve school retention.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sio₂ Thin Films Derived from Rice Husk Ash Coated with Cuo: Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity through Methylene Blue Degradation Afra Hayyunnisa; Riri Jonuarti; Yenni Darvina; Fadhila Ulfa Jhora
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11559

Abstract

Water pollution caused by synthetic dye effluents that resist natural degradation has intensified the need for stable and environmentally sustainable photocatalytic materials. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize bilayer SiO₂/CuO thin films using silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) and to evaluate their photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation. Silica was extracted from agricultural RHA, activated with 1 M HCl, fabricated into thin films through sol–gel and spin-coating techniques, and thermally annealed at 300 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous structure of silica, indicated by a broad diffraction hump centered at 2θ ≈ 22°, and the formation of monoclinic CuO crystalline phases in the bilayer films. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy showed that the pure SiO₂ film had a smooth morphology and a thickness of 3.507 µm, whereas the bilayer SiO₂/CuO film had a total thickness of 5.444 µm and exhibited a distinct porous upper layer comprising accumulated CuO grains deposited on the smooth SiO₂ base layer. Under UV-A irradiation, MB absorbance at λ = 664 nm decreased continuously, resulting in a degradation efficiency of 12.13% after 180 min. The degradation process closely followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 7.33 × 10⁻⁴ min⁻¹ and R² = 0.985. These findings demonstrate that biomass-derived silica from RHA can function as a supporting matrix for anchoring photocatalytically active CuO granular structures. This study contributes to the sustainable utilization of agricultural waste and provides a foundation for the further development of biomass-derived thin-film photocatalysts for synthetic dye degradation.
Effect of Bioreductant–Precursor Ratio on the Physical Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Synthesis Using Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extracts Andini Khairi Alena; Riri Jonuarti; Leni Aziyus Fitri; Eka Susanti
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11560

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts offers an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional synthesis methods; however, the influence of the bioreductant-to-precursor ratio in dual-bioreductant systems on the physical characteristics of AgNPs remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of different bioreductant-to-precursor ratios on the physical characteristics of AgNPs synthesized using combined lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) extracts. AgNPs were synthesized at bioreductant-to-precursor ratios of 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7 and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analysis (PSA). UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs through the appearance of surface plasmon resonance peaks across all ratio variations. The 1:9 ratio exhibited the strongest optical characteristics, with a maximum absorption wavelength of 423 nm and the highest absorbance value of 2.165. XRD analysis verified the formation of AgNPs with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure and average crystallite sizes ranging from 18.45 to 23.80 nm. PSA results showed hydrodynamic particle diameters ranging from 38.3 to 137.7 nm and polydispersity index values of 0.096–0.306. An integrated evaluation of the characterization results identified the 1:9 ratio as the optimum synthesis condition because it produced the best balance between smaller particle size and higher surface plasmon resonance intensity. Nevertheless, the 2:8 ratio yielded the most homogeneous particle size distribution, as indicated by the lowest polydispersity index. These findings demonstrate that the bioreductant-to-precursor ratio critically influences the optical, structural, and particle-size characteristics of AgNPs. This study contributes to the optimization of environmentally sustainable AgNP synthesis using complementary plant-derived bioreductants.
The Effect of Lemongrass Leaf and Betel Leaf Extract Ratio Variations on the Optical Characteristics and Crystal Structure of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Synthesis Nirmala Rahima Suci; Riri Jonuarti; Leni Aziyus Fitri; Fandi Oktasendra
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11561

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provides an environmentally sustainable approach by utilizing plant-derived bioactive compounds as reducing and stabilizing agents. The combination of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) extracts may enhance AgNP formation because both contain flavonoids, phenolic compounds, citral, eugenol, and other secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different lemongrass-to-betel leaf extract ratios on the physical characteristics of AgNPs synthesized through a green synthesis method. AgNPs were prepared using extract ratios of 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis (PSA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed AgNP formation through surface plasmon resonance absorption bands in all samples, with maximum wavelengths of 419, 444, and 398 nm and absorbance values of 1.98, 1.98, and 2.47 for the 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3 ratios, respectively. PSA showed average particle sizes of 39.1 ± 0.9 nm, 59.7 ± 16.1 nm, and 47.2 ± 4.6 nm, with the smallest particle size obtained at the 1:1 ratio. XRD analysis confirmed that all samples possessed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure, with average crystallite sizes of 16.72 nm for the 1:1 ratio, 14.72 nm for the 3:1 ratio, and 9.37 nm for the 1:3 ratio. These findings demonstrate that variations in the composition of the dual-bioreductant system influence the optical properties, particle size, and crystallite size of the synthesized AgNPs. The 1:1 ratio produced the smallest hydrodynamic particle size, whereas the 1:3 ratio yielded the highest absorbance and smallest crystallite size. This study contributes to the optimization of plant-mediated AgNP synthesis by demonstrating that the relative composition of lemongrass and betel leaf extracts is a critical parameter for controlling nanoparticle characteristics.
Legal Compliance with the Implementation of Religious Holiday Allowance in the Healthcare Industry of Samarinda City Marwah M Idris; Rio Arif Pratama; Asnawi Mubarok
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11566

Abstract

The implementation of the Religious Holiday Allowance (Tunjangan Hari Raya; THR) remains a critical issue in Indonesian labour law because employer non-compliance may undermine the protection of employees’ normative rights. This study aimed to analyse employers’ legal compliance with THR regulations in the healthcare industry in Samarinda City, classify the characteristics of such compliance according to Herbert C. Kelman’s theory of legal compliance, and examine its implications for employee rights protection. An empirical legal approach with a qualitative design was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies and were examined using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that THR implementation generally complied with applicable legal provisions concerning payment mechanisms, employee eligibility, allowance amounts, wage components, and payment deadlines. Nevertheless, several forms of non-compliance were identified, including delayed payments, improper calculation or provision of THR for employees with less than one year of service, and the failure of certain employers to provide THR to eligible employees. Based on Kelman’s framework, most employers demonstrated compliance motivated by adherence to legal requirements, only a limited number had reached the internalization stage, and several remained non-compliant. The study concludes that the degree and motivation of employers’ legal compliance directly shape the effectiveness of legal protection for employees’ normative rights. These findings contribute to labour law enforcement scholarship by demonstrating that formal compliance alone is insufficient to ensure sustainable employee protection. Strengthening employers’ legal awareness, regulatory supervision, and consistent law enforcement is therefore necessary to ensure the equitable and sustainable implementation of THR in the healthcare industry.
The Influence of Digital Literacy on the Work Readiness of Final-Year Students at Padang State University Zalfa Jihan Aqillah; Suci Rahma Nio
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11580

Abstract

Although digital literacy has received increasing attention in graduate employability research, evidence regarding its contribution to work readiness among final-year students across multiple study programs within a single Indonesian public university remains limited. This study aimed to examine the influence of digital literacy on the work readiness of final-year students at Padang State University. A quantitative approach with a simple regression design was employed, involving 335 final-year students from nine faculties selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Digital Literacy Scale adapted from Nafiah (2023) and a Work Readiness Scale adapted from Afaf (2022) and analyzed through simple linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. The results revealed that digital literacy had a positive and statistically significant influence on work readiness, as represented by the regression equation Y = 106.614 + 0.279X. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.645) indicated that digital literacy accounted for 64.5% of the variance in students’ work readiness. These findings demonstrate that digital literacy is an important factor in strengthening final-year students’ readiness to enter the workforce and contribute to the literature on digital competence and career preparation within educational and organizational psychology. The study underscores the importance of integrating digital competencies into university curricula and career-preparation programs to facilitate students’ transition from higher education to the labor market.
The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Assemblr Edu on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students at SMP Negeri 2 Kabuh Amiliya Hanim Nur Faidah; Oemi Noer Qomariyah
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v4i3.11588

Abstract

Low student achievement in three-dimensional geometry indicates the need for innovative instructional approaches that promote active participation and facilitate the visualization of abstract mathematical concepts. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Assemblr Edu on the mathematics learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 2 Kabuh. A quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a nonequivalent posttest-only control group design was employed. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and comprised 64 ninth-grade students, with 32 students in the experimental class (IX-D) and 32 students in the control class (IX-C). Data were collected using a validated essay-based mathematics achievement test and analyzed through normality, homogeneity, and Mann–Whitney U tests using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. The findings showed that the experimental group achieved a higher mean posttest score than the control group (88.68 vs. 74.84). The Mann–Whitney U test yielded p = .001, indicating a statistically significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes between the two groups. These findings demonstrate that PBL assisted by Assemblr Edu effectively supports students’ achievement in three-dimensional geometry by integrating problem-oriented learning with augmented reality-based visualization. This study contributes practical evidence that combining PBL with Assemblr Edu offers an effective technology-enhanced instructional alternative for improving mathematics learning outcomes at the junior secondary school level.

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