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Research Horizon
Published by Lifescifi
ISSN : 28080696     EISSN : 28079531     DOI : https://doi.org/10.54518/
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
The journal aims to make significant contributions to applied research and knowledge across the globe through the publication of original and high-quality research articles. It publishes original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, case reports, letters to the editor, and commentaries, thereby providing a forum for reports and discussions on cutting-edge perspectives in social science, art, and humanities. It publishes works from a wide range of fields, including business, economics, education, history, law, criminology, linguistics, political science, public health, psychology, sociology, agriculture, and so on. Kindly learn more in the Author Guidelines on how to organize and prepare manuscripts.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 581 Documents
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An Integrative Law Theory Approach to Address Corruption in Indonesia’s Social Security Agency for Health Abidin, Zainal; Fikri, Ahmad Ma’mun
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.888

Abstract

Corruption in Indonesia’s health sector remains high, scoring 34/100 in 2023 and ranking 115th out of 180 countries, undermining the quality of health insurance services and social protection. This study aims to address corruption at the Social Security Agency on Health using the Integrative Law Theory. A normative legal method with comparative and conceptual approaches was applied to qualitatively analyze corruption issues. Findings show that Denmark enforces strict anti-corruption laws emphasizing transparency, accountability, integrity, independent oversight, and international cooperation. In Indonesia, anti-corruption regulations include the Corruption Eradication Law, the Corruption Law, and the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission, supported by regulations on public service and procurement. Applying Integrative Law Theory at the Social Security Agency on Health involves combining legal principles, local values, and multidisciplinary approaches, including enhanced transparency, robust internal oversight, non-litigation strategies, dynamic policy adaptation, and alignment with Pancasila values. Adopting these measures is expected to strengthen organizational integrity and improve the effectiveness of public fund management.
Juridical Analysis of Delegated Authority from Anesthesiologist to Nurses in Performing Anesthetic Procedures Chiko, Syahruddin; Jamaludin, Ahmad
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.890

Abstract

The growing public demand for professional and legally accountable healthcare services, coupled with the limited availability of anesthesiology personnel, has led to the increasingly common practice of delegating anesthetic procedures to nurses, creating significant legal controversy that requires thorough examination. This study examines the legal aspects of the delegation of authority from anesthesiologists to nurses in performing anesthesia or sedation. The method used in this study is normative legal research, which is research using legislation covering three layers of legal science consisting of legal dogmatics, legal theory, and legal philosophy. The results of the discussion found that from a positive legal perspective, the delegation of authority from anesthesiologists to nurses to perform anesthesia within the scope of anesthesia services is contrary to the legal norms or rules as stipulated in Law Number 36 of 2014 concerning Health Workers and also Law-Law Number 38 of 2014 concerning Nursing, which is Lex Specialis for nurses, and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Therefore, the delegation of authority from anesthesiologists to nurses can be categorized as an unlawful act because anesthesia is a special medical procedure that can only be delegated to health workers who have been authorized by the government.
National Health Insurance Policy from the Perspective of Health Law and Human Rights Protection Yulistiawati, Novitri; Lany, Arman
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.891

Abstract

Indonesia’s national health insurance promises universal coverage, but its package-based tariffs and restricted drug list create tension with patient autonomy when individuals seek clinically superior treatments outside the formulary, generating a legal dilemma between patient rights and administrative limitations. This study aims to analyse the hierarchical position of these conflicting norms and determine the conditions under which voluntary cost-sharing is legally permissible. Using a normative juridical approach with statute and conceptual methods, the research examines the relationship between the Health Law and various implementing regulations on health insurance. The findings reveal that patient rights to complete information and autonomous decision-making hold superior legal status over financing limitations. Voluntary cost-sharing is lawful when based on transparent informed consent and separate written agreements that clearly distinguish guaranteed services from additional components chosen by patients. The study concludes that current restrictions represent limits on state subsidies rather than limits on clinical quality or patient freedom. Immediate revision of implementing regulations is recommended to explicitly recognise voluntary top-up mechanisms, accompanied by standardised transparency procedures in all health facilities to ensure legal certainty and protection for both patients and healthcare providers.
Legal Compliance Analysis of the BPJS Health Patient Referral Procedures at Primary Healthcare Facilities Widya; Prayuti, Yuyut
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.893

Abstract

This study analyzes the BPJS Health referral procedure at the Kimia Farma Sumber Cirebon Clinic through an empirical qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies to evaluate legal compliance, identify driving and inhibiting factors, and formulate recommendations for improvement. Findings indicate that, normatively, the clinic has complied with BPJS regulations, as demonstrated by staff’s good understanding of doctors’ authority and the use of the P-Care system. However, implementation in the field faces technical obstacles, such as the instability of the P-Care system, which triggers the use of temporary referral letters, as well as information gaps that cause patient confusion. It was concluded that legal compliance depends not only on normative compliance, but also on infrastructure support and effective communication. Strategic recommendations focused on three pillars: strengthening technological infrastructure, increasing human resource capacity through continuous training, and improving transparency and patient education on procedures to create synergy between legal compliance, service efficiency, and public accountability within the JKN framework.
Legal Implications of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health for SOPs and Risk Management in Hospitals Rahma, Alfiyyah; Prayuti, Yuyut
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.894

Abstract

The promulgation of this law marks a paradigm shift in Indonesia’s health law system, emphasizing accountability, transparency, and patient safety as the core principles of healthcare service delivery. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health for the formulation of standard operating procedures and the implementation of risk management in hospitals. The method used in this research is library research with a normative juridical approach. The findings indicate that the changes in legal norms under Law Number 17 of 2023 have led to the necessity of adjusting hospital SOPs to be oriented toward risk analysis and patient safety. The implementation of risk management is now viewed as a legal obligation inherent in healthcare institutions rather than merely a managerial instrument. This research also reveals an urgent need for hospitals to establish legal risk management units to anticipate potential legal disputes and strengthen legal protection for medical personnel. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the enforcement of the new Health Law brings positive implications in strengthening a legally grounded, professional, and equitable hospital governance system.
The Legal Certainty of Medical Malpractice in Relation to Working Hour Violations Ikhsan, M.; Lany, Arman
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.895

Abstract

The medical profession faces significant legal risks related to malpractice allegations, partly driven by physician fatigue resulting from excessive working hours. In Indonesia, the absence of specific regulations on maximum working hours for physicians creates legal uncertainty and tends to place full responsibility on individual practitioners. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty afforded to doctors in malpractice cases associated with work-related fatigue and violations of working hour standards based on prevailing laws and regulations. Using a normative juridical method with a literature study approach, the research examines secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, and Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, along with secondary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that although no explicit working hour regulations for physicians exist, legal protection can still be grounded in current laws. The Manpower Law provides standard working hour guidelines, while the Health Law obliges healthcare facilities to ensure the safety and well-being of medical personnel. Therefore, legal responsibility for malpractice caused by fatigue due to excessive work systems should not rest solely on individual physicians but may also be attributed to healthcare institutions as employers.
The Effectiveness of Healthcare Regulations in Preventing Malpractice in Public Hospitals Beni Ciptawan, Beni Ciptawan; Happy Yulia Anggraeni, Happy Yulia Anggraeni
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.896

Abstract

Public hospitals carry complex legal responsibilities as both medical providers and state agents ensuring citizens’ constitutional right to health. Despite reforms under Law Number 17 of 2023, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, and Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2025, malpractice cases persist. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of health law regulations in preventing malpractice in public hospitals. The research employs a normative legal approach using statutory, conceptual, and case study methods, with data analyzed descriptively and analytically from primary and secondary legal sources as well as five court decisions on medical negligence. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s health law regulations provide a comprehensive normative foundation but remain limited in effectiveness due to weak implementation of good governance principles, insufficient institutional supervision, and a lack of legal culture within the medical profession. Legal accountability mechanisms tend to be reactive rather than preventive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of health law regulations will be strengthened if civil, criminal, and administrative liabilities are integrated within a unified oversight system emphasizing transparency, professional development, and proactive risk prevention in public hospitals.
Legal Protection of Personal Data in the Exchange of Electronic Medical Record in Healthcare Services Takaryanto, Davin; Lany, Arman
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.897

Abstract

Digital transformation in Indonesia’s health sector has fundamentally changed the way patient information is collected, stored, and managed through Electronic Medical Records (EMR). This study aims to (1) map the active legal basis governing the confidentiality of EMRs in Indonesia; (2) identify normative and practical gaps in its implementation; (3) propose auditable technical and governance standards for healthcare facilities and system providers; and (4) outline procedural and judicial mechanisms for resolving health data breach disputes. Using a normative legal approach, this study analyzes the constitutional, legislative, and regulatory legal framework, such as Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019, and Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 of 2022. The results of the study show overlapping authorities, weak institutional coordination, and the absence of procedural standards related to the verification of RME in court. The study’s findings reveal that EMR confidentiality protection in Indonesia is weak not due to a lack of legal regulations, but due to inadequate technical readiness and governance for its implementation.
A Judicial Analysis of the Need for Medical Dispute Court in Resolving Health Disputes Ramadhanti, Dita Annisa; Lany, Arman
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.898

Abstract

Medical disputes in Indonesia are handled through fragmented mechanisms such as disciplinary bodies, mediation, and general courts, resulting in overlapping authority, lengthy procedures, and legal uncertainty due to the absence of a specialized forum with integrated legal and medical expertise. This study aims to analyze the legal basis and urgency of establishing a Medical Dispute Court following the enactment of the Health Law of 2023. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this research examines relevant constitutional provisions and the new health legislation. The findings reveal that the establishment of a Medical Dispute Court has a strong foundation in the 1945 Constitution and the Health Law of 2023, and is urgently needed to ensure legal certainty, substantive justice, and balanced protection of rights.  These findings imply that the establishment of a specialized Medical Dispute Court is a strategic policy instrument to integrate fragmented dispute resolution mechanisms, enhance legal certainty, and ensure balanced legal protection for patients and medical professionals within Indonesia’s health law system.
Legal Implications of Violating Healthcare Service Standards for BPJS Patients: A Juridical Study Nugroho, Enggar Adi; Anggraeni, Happy Yulia
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Research Horizon - December 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54518/rh.5.6.2025.900

Abstract

Legal protection for Social Security Administration Agency (Badan Penyelenggaran Jaminan Sosial/BPJS) participants in cases of violations of healthcare service standards remains a critical issue. This study purpose to analyze the effectiveness of civil, criminal, and administrative legal mechanisms in providing repressive legal protection for Social Security Administration Agency patients in cases of medical negligence. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines three civil court decisions from 2019–2023 that explicitly involve BPJS patients and complements this with an analysis of relevant criminal and administrative regulations, including the role of the Indonesian Medical Disciplinary Honor Council. The study reviews the Civil Code, the Criminal Code, Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health, and Law Number 29 of 2004 on Medical Practice. The results show that all three lawsuits filed by BPJS patients were rejected or declared inadmissible due to procedural defects, error in persona, or the high burden of proof for medical negligence. Criminal liability under Articles 359–360 of the Criminal Code is applied selectively, while MKDKI sanctions function predominantly in a preventive rather than corrective manner. It is concluded that legal protection for BPJS participants remains largely normative and ineffective in practice, requiring reforms to evidentiary standards and accountability mechanisms.

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