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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 654 Documents
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Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Dekokta Daun Jambu Kristal (Psidium guajava L. Cultivar Kristal) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella sonnei Wardhani, Agviolisa Kusuma; Munawaroh , Rima
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1253

Abstract

Crystal guava leaves (Psidium guajava L. Cultivar Kristal) are plants that have potential as antibacterial agents against bacteria that cause diarrhea because they belong to the Psidium guajava L. species, which is widely reported to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of crystal guava leaves and the group of compounds that act as antibacterial agents. The study design was experimental, using ethanol extracts and decoctions of crystal guava leaves made at concentrations of 40% w/v, 20% w/v, 10% w/v, and 5% w/v and tested on bacteria that cause diarrhea, namely Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei, using the well diffusion method. Then, TLC-Bioautography was performed to detect the compound components. Statistical data analysis using SPSS began with normality, homogeneity, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the 40% w/v concentration had the largest inhibition zone in both extracts. The compounds contained in the ethanol extract and crystal guava leaf decoction were flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Meanwhile, the specific compound that acts as an antibacterial agent in ethanol extracts and crystal guava leaf decoction is the flavonoid group, specifically quercetin. The Kruskal-Wallis test with a p-value of 0,001 < 0,005 showed that there was a significant difference between concentrations. Further analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed that the 40% concentration group was significantly different from the 5% concentration group.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Dekokta Daun Jambu Kristal (Psidium guajava L. Cultivar Kristal) Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus aureus Izzati, Sheila Nur; Munawaroh, Rima
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1254

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is often caused by bacterial infections, including Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The irrational use of antibiotics can lead to antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative therapies derived from natural products. Crystal guava leaves (Psidium guajava L. cultivar Kristal) are known to contain bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties; however, the effectiveness of their ethanolic extract and decoction has not been widely reported. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract and decoction of crystal guava leaves against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as to identify the major classes of compounds responsible for the observed activity. Methods: Extraction was carried out using maceration with 96% ethanol and decoction with water. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the well diffusion method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Identification of active compounds was performed through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and TLC-bioautography analyses. Results: Both the ethanolic extract and the decoction exhibited antibacterial activity that increased with rising concentrations. The highest inhibition zones were observed at a concentration of 40%. The ethanolic extract demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity than the decoction, with the highest effectiveness against S. aureus. Bioautography analysis revealed that flavonoid compounds, strongly suspected to be quercetin derivatives, were the primary contributors to the antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Crystal guava leaf extract, particularly the ethanolic extract, shows significant antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus, with flavonoids identified as the key active compounds. These findings support the potential of crystal guava leaves as a natural source of antibacterial agents.
Hubungan Kerasionalan Obat Antihipertensi Dengan Kontrol Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Stroke Non-Hemoragik di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS X Surakarta Tahun 2024 Locita , Zana Sahya; Mutmainah, Nurul
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1261

Abstract

Background: Non-hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and remains one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability. Blood pressure management through antihypertensive therapy is a key component of secondary prevention; however, variations in clinical practice indicate that the rational use of these medications still requires evaluation. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the rationality of antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients based on clinical parameters in the inpatient ward of Hospital X, Surakarta. Methods: This research employed an analytical observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach. Data on antihypertensive use were collected from medical records of patients hospitalized in 2024, and a total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in the inpatient ward of Hospital X Surakarta in 2024, 90 patients received rational antihypertensive therapy. Antihypertensive treatment was predominantly from the dihydropyridine CCB class, particularly amlodipine, either as monotherapy or in combination. Fisher’s exact test analysis showed a p-value < 0.05, indicating a significant association between the rationality of antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the rationality of antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients, highlighting the importance of rational drug selection as a crucial aspect of secondary prevention strategies.
Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Fraksi Polar n-Butanol Rambut Jagung (Zea mays L.) Terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan yang Diinduksi Paracetamol Nessa, Nessa; Putri , Noni Rahayu; Mutmaina , Iim
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1277

Abstract

Corn silk is a part of the corn plant that is known to contain beneficial chemical compounds, including flavonoid compounds that have antioxidant activity and have the potential as hepatoprotective compounds that can protect the liver from damage caused by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of the polar fraction of corn silk on male white rats induced by paracetamol. The animals used were 25 male white rats divided into 5 groups, namely group 1 (Negative control), group 2 (positive control) induced by toxic doses of paracetamol, and groups 3, 4, 5 polar fractions of corn silk doses (200, 400, 800 mg/kgBW). The measurement parameters were SGOT-SGPT levels, liver organ weight ratio, and histopathological examination of the liver. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and statistically with two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The results of observations of SGOT enzyme levels on days 7 and 14 were group 1 (18.5 and 20.5 U/L), group 2 (50.5 and 113.75 U/L), group 3 (21.5 and 45.25 U/L), group 4 (23.25 and 83.75 U/L), group 5 (26.5 and 105.75 U/L). SGPT enzyme levels on days 7 and 14 were group 1 (39.75 and 42 U/L), group 2 (70.25 and 82.25 U/L), group 3 (42.5 and 48 U/L), group 4 (46.26 and 64.75 U/L), group 5 (48.75 and 70.25 U/L). The results of histopathological observations with score values of group 1 (0), group 2 (4), group 3 (1), group 4 (3), group 5 (3). Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the polar fraction of corn silk has the most effective hepatoprotective activity at the lowest dose of 200 mg/kgBW with the observation results closest to the negative control for each parameter.
Analisis Kualitatif Kandungan Formalin pada Tahu Putih di Pasar Tradisional Surakarta Prasetyo, Berliani Ndaru; Hidayatullah, Muhammad Haqqi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1278

Abstract

Background: Formalin is still frequently misused as a preservative in white tofu despite being prohibited in food products due to its toxic, irritant, and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, monitoring its presence in traditional markets requires detection methods that are simple, accurate, and well validated. Objective: This study aimed to detect formalin in white tofu sold in traditional markets in Surakarta City and to compare and validate three qualitative formalin detection methods (Nash reagent, KMnO₄, and Schiff reagent) in combination with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Methods: A total of 10 white tofu samples were randomly collected from five traditional markets in Surakarta. The samples were extracted and analyzed using colorimetric tests with Nash, KMnO₄, and Schiff reagents, followed by confirmatory analysis using TLC. Method validation included determination of the limit of detection (LOD) and specificity. Results: Formalin was detected in 30% of the samples (B1, C1, and D2) by all applied methods, while the remaining 70% showed negative results. The LOD test indicated that the Nash reagent exhibited the highest sensitivity, detecting formalin at concentrations as low as 3.125 ppm, followed by TLC (6.25 ppm), Schiff reagent (25 ppm), and KMnO₄ (50 ppm). All methods demonstrated good specificity, with no false-positive results observed in blank samples and negative controls. Conclusion: This study confirms the misuse of formalin in 30% of white tofu samples from traditional markets in Surakarta. The Nash reagent is recommended as the most sensitive method for initial screening, while TLC serves as an effective confirmatory method. The combination of Nash reagent and TLC provides a simple, sensitive, and specific approach for formalin surveillance in white tofu at the field level.
Analisis Kadar Kurkumin Pada Jamu Kunyit Asam Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Visibel Ayunita, Fidiya; Hidayatullah, Muhammad Haqqi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1279

Abstract

The rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcumin as the principal bioactive compound responsible for its diverse pharmacological activities. Therefore, the analysis of curcumin content is essential for the quality control of herbal medicines. This study aimed to determine the curcumin content in five turmeric herbal medicine samples obtained from herbal vendors in the Kartasura area. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was employed for qualitative identification, while visible spectrophotometry was used for quantitative analysis. Samples were selected using purposive sampling and extracted with chloroform, followed by evaporation using a water bath and reconstitution in 96% ethanol. Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring curcumin content on days 1, 2, and 3 of storage to evaluate content stability. Qualitative TLC analysis was conducted using silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of ethanol, glacial acetic acid, and chloroform (94:5:1, v/v/v). The TLC results confirmed the presence of three curcuminoid compounds curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin with consistent Rf values observed under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm. Quantitative analysis using visible spectrophotometry showed significant differences in curcumin content among samples (p < 0.001) based on one-way ANOVA. Method validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.9995), acceptable accuracy (mean recovery of 109.67%), good precision (RSD of 1.80%), and sensitivity with LOD and LOQ values of 0.128 ppm and 0.388 ppm, respectively. These findings indicate that the validated spectrophotometric method is suitable for determining curcumin content in turmeric-based herbal medicines. Variations in curcumin levels among samples may be attributed to differences in raw material quality and manufacturing processes.
Optimasi Tween 80 dan PEG 400 dalam Sediaan Nanoemulgel Minyak Argan (Argania Spinosa (L.) Skeels) dan Uji Antioksidan Menggunakan Metode DPPH Sanglyazzahra, Jingga Prasasti; Wikantyasning, Erindyah R.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1284

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the concentrations of Tween 80 and PEG 400 in the formulation of argan oil nanoemulgel and to evaluate its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The nanoemulsion optimization process was carried out using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) approach, employing percent transmittance, pH, and emulsification time as response parameters. The optimal results were obtained at a concentration of 60% Tween 80 and 30% PEG 400, with a desirability value of 0.886. The optimized nanoemulsion exhibited a particle size of 31.3 ± 0.21 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.364, meeting the standard criteria for nanoemulsion systems. The resulting nanoemulgel demonstrated favorable physical characteristics, including homogeneous consistency, a spreadability value of 5.03 ± 0.21 cm, an adhesion time of 2.9 ± 0.41 seconds, a viscosity of 29,780 cPs, and a pH of 6.1 ± 0.07. Antioxidant evaluation showed that the argan oil nanoemulgel exhibited strong activity with an IC50 value of 100.33 µg/mL. These results indicate that the optimized nanoemulgel formulation is capable of maintaining the antioxidant activity of argan oil and has strong potential for development as an effective and stable anti-aging cosmetic product.
Optimasi Formula Patch Anti Jerawat Dari Ekstrak Batang Pisang Ambon dengan HPMC-Kitosan menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design Fardanu, Arvian Rifky; Suprapto, Suprapto
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1289

Abstract

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving sebaceous gland hyperactivity, abnormal follicular keratinization, excessive bacterial colonization, immune response, and inflammation. The main causes include pore obstruction due to excess sebum, with Cutibacterium acnes as the dominant bacteria. Increasing concerns about the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotic resistance encourage the development of safer and more sustainable natural treatments. Ambon banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) contains bioactive compounds such as tannins, saponins, and flavonoids that exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aims to optimize the anti-acne patch formula from Ambon banana stem extract using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and chitosan polymers through simplex lattice design (SLD) in Design-Expert® v.13. Eight formulas were made and evaluated for their physical properties, including weight uniformity, thickness, pH, moisture absorption, folding resistance, and swelling index. The optimal formula was obtained in a combination of 4 g HPMC and 0.5 g chitosan with a desirability value of 0.645. The results of the optimal formula validation with a paired t-test showed no significant differences in the formula except for pH. The Ambon banana tree stem extract patch produced an inhibition zone of 13 ± 0.5 mm against Cutibacterium acnes with a strong category although lower than the pure extract (19.03 mm) and clindamycin control (21.17 mm). This patch offers controlled drug release, ease of use without contamination, and increased patient compliance, making it an effective alternative natural acne treatment.
The Relationship Between Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Levels and the Incidence of Enamel Defects in Permanent Teeth in Children Wulandari , Reno Wiska; Kasuma, Nila; Dasman , Hardisman; Ali , Hirowati
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1304

Abstract

Enamel gigi merupakan jaringan yang paling keras yang ada di dalam tubuh manusia yang dibentuk oleh interaksi antara protein matriks dan enzim, terkhusus kadar enzim alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Gangguan dalam regulasi atau aktivitas ALP dapat menyebabkan mineralisasi enamel yang tidak tepat dan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) pada gigi permanen. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan kadar enzim ALP dengan kejadian DDE pada anak. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children divided into two groups: normal enamel and DDE. Pemeriksaan enamel gigi menggunakan modified DDE index. Saliva dianalsis dengan metode Kolorimetrik secara duplo. Analisa statistic menggunakan Mann-Whitney test dengan hasil signifikan ketika p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar ALP rata-rata pada kelompok enamel normal  lebih rendah [5,90 (1,38 – 27,82) mg/mL] dibandingkan dengan kelompok DDE [7,76 (0,13-11,89) mg/mL] dengan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (p > 0,05).  Berdasarkan temuan ini, kadar ALP dalam saliva tidak memiliki hubungan langsung yang kuat dengan DDE, sehingga potensinya sebagai biomarker tunggal untuk deteksi dini DDE terbatas.
Sediaan Antiketombe Emulsi Encer Ekstrak Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata): Pengaruh Peningkatan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Efektivitasnya Terhadap Malassezia furfur Ramadhan, Rizki Aulia; Nurwaini , Setyo
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1330

Abstract

Background: Dandruff is a common scalp disorder affecting approximately 50% of the global population. Dandruff treatment generally relies on chemical-based shampoos, which may cause adverse effects with long-term use. Therefore, natural-based alternatives are needed. Ylang-ylang flower (Cananga odorata) extract contains flavonoids and saponins with potential antifungal activity. To develop an effective, stable, safe, and user-friendly natural anti-dandruff product, evaluation of its physicochemical properties and antifungal efficacy is required. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing concentrations of ylang-ylang flower extract on the physicochemical properties of an anti-dandruff dilute emulsion and its inhibitory activity against Malassezia furfur. Methods: ylang-ylang flowers were extracted by maceration using ethanol as a solvent at a 1:5 ratio. The extract was formulated into four formulations with concentrations of F1 (10%), F2 (15%), F3 (20%), and F4 (25%), along with a formulation without extract (F0) as a control. Physicochemical evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and pH value, while antifungal activity was assessed using the microdilution method. The pH value data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA while the freeze-thaw data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the addition of ylang-ylang flower extract significantly improved the pH stability of the formulation compared to the control (F0) (p < 0.05). The irritation test indicated that all formulations did not cause irritation in volunteers. The microdilution assay revealed that the MIC of the extract was 390.625 µg/mL, while the MIC values of the formulations containing the extract at different concentrations were 312.5 µg/mL (F1), 468.75 µg/mL (F2), 312.5 µg/mL (F3), and 390.625 µg/mL (F4). These values were higher than that of ketoconazole, which exhibited an MIC of 0.058 µg/mL. Conclusion: Increasing concentrations of ylang-ylang flower extract significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the formulation by improving pH stability and demonstrated good antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur.

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