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I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya
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Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 27220125     EISSN : 27226034     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health
The Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia or PTJI is an open access journal that publishes scientifically content two editions per year June and December to promote clinical practice and research in the physical therapy area The Journal aims to promote a lively exchange of ideas between academics and practitioners as well as to bridge and integrate the intellectual of physical therapy experts
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 187 Documents
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Early screening diagnostic test in adolescents with a family history of thalassemia Fatkhiyah, Natiqotul; Kartini, Apoina; Nugraheni, Sri Achadi; Margawati, Ani; Himawan, Fatchurrozak
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.346

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia is a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in families with a known history of the ailment. This study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of a thalassemia screening instrument that included a questionnaire and a scoring model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tegal, Central Java (November 2024–April 2025), involving 64 adolescents aged 10–24 years from extended families with a history of thalassemia, selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included willingness to participate, ability to communicate, and signed informed consent, while exclusion criteria included incomplete participation, other blood disorders, medical complications, or withdrawal. Screening consisted of a structured questionnaire and physical examination (score 0–8), followed by CBC and HbA2 testing. Statistical analyses included the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, chi-square tests, Pearson or Spearman correlations, and diagnostic accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV) using a 2×2 table. Results: The screening instrument showed a sensitivity of 76.5%, a specificity of 85.6%, and an AUC of 0.76. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and significant construct validity, indicating moderate diagnostic accuracy for identifying thalassemia trait. Conclusion: The screening tool established in this study was appropriate for teenagers with a family history of thalassemia and had modest diagnostic performance. Integration into existing public health systems is both achievable and recommended.
Differences in the effects of square stepping exercise and Otago exercise on dynamic balance based on body mass index in the elderly Wijianto; Muchsin Doewes; M. Furqon Hidayatullah; Febriani Fajar Ekawati
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.364

Abstract

Background: The increasing elderly population in Indonesia face higher risks of balance disorders and falls, threatening independence. Exercise interventions, such as strength and balance training, can improve dynamic balance. This study aimed to analyze the differences in dynamic balance improvement between square stepping exercise and Otago exercise in older adults based on body mass index (BMI). Methods: The sample was randomly divided into two groups: square stepping exercise (SSE group) and Otago exercise (OT group). Dynamic balance was assessed using the timed up and go (TUG) test, conducted before and after the intervention. This study used a 2×3 factorial experimental design with purposive sampling. Older adults aged 60–75 years with good cognitive and walking ability were included, while those with sensory impairments, mobility limitations, or lower extremity disorders were excluded. Sixty eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the SSE group (n = 30) and the OT Group (n = 30). Data were analyzed using a 2×3 factorial ANOVA, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: This study found that both SSE and OT interventions significantly improved dynamic balance in older adults, as measured by pre- and post-intervention TUG test. Both groups showed reduced TUG test times: the OT group from 13.76 to 11.84 seconds, and the SSE group from 14.48 to 11.13 seconds. ANOVA analysis indicated that the type of exercise significantly affected dynamic balance (F(1.54) = 4.515; p=0.038), while BMI and its interaction showed no significant effect (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Both exercises improved dynamic balance in older adults. However, the SSE group showed greater effectiveness than the OT group. Exercise type significantly influenced balance outcomes, while BMI had no significant effect.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Wolf Motor Function Test for stroke rehabilitation Setiawan, Setiawan; Chaiyawat, Pakaratee; Tretriluxana, Jarugool; Riewpaiboon, Arthorn
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.361

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, emphasizing the need for standardized motor assessment tools in rehabilitation. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) into Indonesian and evaluate its psychometric properties in subacute stroke patients. Methods: A methodological design was employed, consisting of forward translation, back-translation, expert panel review, pretesting, and psychometric evaluation. A total of 25 subacute stroke patients were recruited using purposive sampling. Inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, and internal consistency were assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was examined through correlations with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). Results: The Indonesian version of the WMFT (I-WMFT) demonstrated excellent reliability. Inter-rater ICC values ranged from 0.895 to 1.000, while intra-rater ICC values ranged from 0.796 to 0.997. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.799 to 1.000, indicating strong internal consistency. Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with the FMA-UE (r = 0.899 for functional ability and r = −0.828 for movement time), confirming that the I-WMFT accurately reflects upper extremity motor performance. Conclusion: The I-WMFT is a reliable, valid, and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing upper limb motor function in Indonesian subacute stroke patients. Its availability enhances objective clinical evaluation and supports evidence-based rehabilitation practices in Indonesia.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in orthopedic surgery: Current evidence from diagnosis until rehabilitative management Yosia Handoko; Muhammad P. Johan; Muhammad A. Usman; Muhammad Sakti; Jainal Arifin; Rizalinda Sjahril; Andi Rofian Sultan; Yunialthy Dwia Pertiwi; Rafael Marvin Yushan; Samuel Andi Kusuma
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.342

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant threat in orthopaedic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the current evidence from diagnosis to rehabilitative management of MRSA in orthopedic surgery Methods: This narrative overview synthesized current evidence across the care pathway in orthopaedics, epidemiology and pathogenesis (including key resistance/virulence determinants), diagnostic approaches (sampling strategies and rapid molecular tests), therapeutic strategies (surgery plus tailored antimicrobials and local delivery), rehabilitation considerations, prevention and stewardship programs, and emerging modalities (new antibiotics, bacteriophages, and nanotechnology-enabled delivery). Results: MRSA resistance is primarily mediated by mecA (PBP2a) and augmented by additional virulence factors (e.g., panton-valentine leukocidin). Biofilm on orthopaedic implants protects bacteria from host defences and antibiotics, underpinning recurrent infection. Diagnostic yield improves with deep tissue or implant-associated sampling, while polymerase chain reaction expedites detection of resistance genes to guide early management. Optimal treatment typically combines surgical debridement with implant retention or exchange where appropriate and prolonged, targeted antimicrobials; adjuncts include local antibiotic carriers and negative-pressure wound strategies. Innovative options—novel agents, bacteriophage therapy, and nanotechnology-based delivery—show promise in early studies. Conclusion: Integrated programs, preoperative screening/decolonization, risk-adapted prophylaxis, and antimicrobial stewardship have helped lower MRSA infection rates, yet biofilm biology and rising resistance sustain a substantial burden. Emerging options include linezolid/tedizolid or minocycline plus rifampicin, with efficacy superior to vancomycin, bacteriophage therapy as an adjunct in refractory prosthetic joint infections, and nanotechnology-enabled implant coatings to deter biofilm formation.
The relationship between backpack load, shoulder muscle strength, and shoulder pain in elementary school students Harzat; Gadis Meinar Sari; Mohammad Fathul Qorib; Eka Arum Cahyaning Putri
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.345

Abstract

Background: Carrying school backpacks exceeding 10% of body weight is linked to shoulder discomfort in primary school students. This study aimed to analyse whether factors such as shoulder muscle strength, carrying duration, flexibility, blood lactate levels, and age contribute to shoulder pain beyond backpack load. Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design involving 66 male students aged 7–10 years from SDI Maryam Surabaya, Indonesia. Standardised measurements were conducted, including shoulder pain (Wong–Baker Faces Scale), body and backpack weight (digital scale), backpack carrying duration (stopwatch), shoulder strength (dynamometer), flexibility (goniometer), and blood lactate levels (Accutrend Plus). Associations between variables were analysed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Results: Backpack load percentage (p = 0.020), carrying duration (right p = 0.010; left p = 0.006), age (right p = 0.000; left p = 0.001), and shoulder muscle strength push (p = 0.000) and pull (left p = 0.004) were significantly associated with shoulder pain, while shoulder flexibility and blood lactate showed no significant relationships (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Shoulder pain in primary school students was influenced by backpack load and key physiological factors, particularly shoulder muscle strength, carrying duration, and age. These findings highlighted the importance of preventive measures such as postural education and muscle-strengthening programs to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort from daily backpack use.
Development of a diagnostic scoring system for gouty arthritis of the knee: A retrospective case–control study Jorvin Kurniawan Tandiarta; Muhammad Sakti; Henry Yurianto; Firdaus Hamid; Idrus Andi Paturusi; Nur Rahmansyah
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.347

Abstract

Background: Gouty knee arthritis (GKA) is a frequent yet often under-recognised cause of knee pain, especially where synovial crystal analysis or advanced imaging is not readily available. This study aimed to design and validate a practical scoring system to aid the diagnosis of GKA in patients presenting with knee pain, by identifying key associated risk factors and supporting earlier clinical recognition. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted involving 77 adults experiencing knee pain, with 38 cases of GKA and 39 controls. Risk factors for GKA were identified and analyzed through statistical methods to develop a predictive scoring system. Results: The analysis revealed several key risk factors associated with GKA. Older age showed a trend toward higher likelihood of GKA in univariable analysis (odd ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96–1.21), whereas in multivariable analysis only higher serum uric acid levels remained an independent predictor of GKA. Elevated serum uric acid levels were another strong predictor, with those having higher uric acid levels showing 2.48 times higher likelihood of developing GKA (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.29-4.77). On the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, gender and history of medication did not show any discrimination towards GKA. The scoring system developed from variables such as age, serum uric acid, leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, periarthricular tophi, history of chronic diseases, history of alcohol consumption, and knee joint bilaterality showed excellent diagnostic performance. Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC analysis was 0.969 (0.933-1.000), which indicates a high level of accuracy in predicting GKA. When compared to traditional diagnostic method such as serum uric acid level (AUC = 0.938), the predictive model was superior. Conclusion: The newly developed scoring system offers an effective, non-invasive method for early detection of GKA, potentially improving clinical management and patient outcomes. For rehabilitation and physiotherapy practice, earlier recognition of gouty knee using this non-invasive score may support appropriate protection during inflammatory flares, guide progression of loading programmes, and help prioritize rheumatology or orthopaedic referral in patients with knee pain.
Association between sarcopenia and the prevalence of depression among community-dwelling older adults Robiatun Amaliyah Ranti; Sudijanto Kamso; Ali Nina Liche Seniati; Purwanty Astuti Ascobat
Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Inpress January-June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Udayana dan Diaspora Taipei Medical University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/ptji.v7i1.359

Abstract

Background: Depression is a common mental health issue among older adults, especially those living in nursing homes, and sarcopenia is suspected to be a contributing factor. This study aimed to explore the association between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms in elderly residents of social care institutions in Jakarta. Methods: A descriptive–correlational study with a quantitative approach was conducted. A total of 422 older adults were randomly selected from 1,168 residents of Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate, ability to speak Indonesian, residence in the institution, and age ≥60 years. Residents hospitalized during data collection or who declined participation were excluded. Data were collected using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and validated instruments assessing psychosocial status, cognition, sleep quality, physical activity, and sarcopenia markers based on AWGS criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Depressive symptoms were strongly associated with sarcopenia. Older adults with sarcopenia were nearly twice as likely to experience depression as those without (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.35–3.03; p = 0.001). Reduced muscle strength, limited mobility, and social withdrawal may increase vulnerability to depression. Conclusion: Among institutionalized older adults, sarcopenia is a strong predictor of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and integrated interventions including physical rehabilitation, nutritional support, and psychosocial programs to reduce depression and improve overall well-being.

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