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Patricia Wulandari
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INDONESIA
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Published by Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization
ISSN : 30256224     EISSN : 30256224     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59345/sjped
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Focus Scientific Journal of Pediatrics (SJPed) focused on the development of medical sciences especially pediatrics and child health for human well-being. Scope Scientific Journal of Pediatrics (SJPed) publishes articles which encompass all aspects of basic research/clinical studies related to the field of pediatrics and allied science fields, especially all type of original articles, case reports, review articles, narrative review, meta-analysis, systematic review, mini-reviews and book review.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Articles 25 Documents
 1   2   3 
Multidimensional Analysis of Risk Factors for Stunting in Rural South Sumatra, Indonesia: A Community-Based Study Hidayat, Rachmat
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.11

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting remains a pressing public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the multidimensional risk factors associated with stunting in rural South Sumatra, considering socio-demographic, maternal, and child-related factors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural villages of South Sumatra. Children aged 6-59 months were enrolled, and data on socio-demographic characteristics, maternal health, child feeding practices, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Stunting was defined as height-for-age Z-score <-2SD according to the WHO growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for stunting. Results: A total of 520 children were included in the study. The prevalence of stunting was 32.5%. In the multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with stunting included low maternal education (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.72-4.78), poor household wealth index (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.95-4.97), inadequate dietary diversity (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.53-3.92), and suboptimal breastfeeding practices (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.25-3.23). Conclusion: This study highlights the multidimensional nature of stunting risk factors in rural South Sumatra. Interventions addressing maternal education, poverty alleviation, improved child feeding practices, and breastfeeding promotion are crucial to effectively combat stunting in this region.
Secular Trends in Pubertal Timing among Ambonese Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis Ayu, Rizki
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.12

Abstract

Introduction: The timing of puberty is a crucial developmental milestone with significant implications for adolescent physical and psychosocial health. While secular trends towards earlier pubertal onset have been observed in many populations worldwide, data from Ambonese adolescents in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to investigate secular trends in pubertal timing among Ambonese adolescents and explore potential influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving Ambonese adolescents aged 10-18 years who attended health clinics in Ambon City between 2008 and 2023. Data on age at menarche for girls and testicular volume for boys, along with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, were collected from medical records. Age at menarche and testicular volume were used as markers of pubertal onset. Statistical analyses were performed to assess trends over time and identify associations with potential influencing factors. Results: A total of 1,542 adolescents (785 girls and 757 boys) were included in the study. The mean age at menarche decreased significantly from 12.8 years in 2008 to 12.3 years in 2023 (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean testicular volume at age 14 increased significantly from 12.5 ml in 2008 to 14.2 ml in 2023 (p < 0.001), suggesting earlier pubertal onset in boys. Improved socioeconomic status and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with earlier pubertal onset in both sexes. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a secular trend towards earlier pubertal onset among Ambonese adolescents. Socioeconomic factors and BMI appear to play a role in influencing pubertal timing. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential health implications of these trends.
Beyond Fever: Atypical Presentations of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population of West Sumatra, Indonesia Mohammad Arfin
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.13

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the adult population, often presenting with classic symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. However, atypical presentations, especially in the pediatric population, have posed a significant challenge in timely diagnosis and management. This study aimed to investigate the atypical presentations of COVID-19 in children from West Sumatra, Indonesia, to improve recognition and guide tailored interventions. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of children (≤ 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 at major hospitals in West Sumatra between January 2020 and December 2023. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcomes were collected. Atypical presentations were defined as the absence of fever or respiratory symptoms at presentation. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. Results: A total of 452 pediatric COVID-19 cases were identified. 187 (41.4%) presented with atypical symptoms. The most common atypical presentations were gastrointestinal (32.6%), neurological (21.4%), and dermatological (15.5%). Compared to those with typical presentations, children with atypical symptoms were more likely to be younger (p < 0.001), have comorbidities (p = 0.023), and experience delayed diagnosis (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that younger age (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and comorbidities (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05-2.83) were significant predictors of atypical presentations. Conclusion: Atypical presentations of COVID-19 are common in children from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 in children presenting with non-specific symptoms, especially in younger children and those with comorbidities. Early recognition and testing are crucial for prompt management and preventing further transmission.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rectal Suction Biopsy for Hirschsprung Disease in a Thai Pediatric Setting Jaema Mamimin; Anuwat Muanparai
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.14

Abstract

Introduction: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) necessitates early diagnosis to prevent complications. Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) offers a less invasive alternative to full-thickness biopsy. This study evaluates RSB's diagnostic accuracy in a Thai pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective review analyzed children suspected of HSCR who underwent RSB at a tertiary Thai hospital (2018-2024). RSB findings were compared to the gold standard (full-thickness biopsy or intraoperative findings). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. Results: 120 children (median age 2 months, range 1 day - 12 years) were included. RSB yielded 45 positive and 75 negative results. Gold standard confirmed 40 true positives, 5 false positives, 70 true negatives, and 5 false negatives. RSB's sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity 93.3%, PPV 88.9%, NPV 93.3%, and accuracy 91.7%. Conclusion: RSB demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for HSCR in Thai children. It can serve as a valuable initial diagnostic tool, potentially reducing the need for full-thickness biopsies.
Effectiveness of Secondary Prophylaxis with Benzathine Penicillin G in Preventing Recurrent Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Brazilian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial Sophia Lucille Rodriguez; Lucia Fernandez
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i1.15

Abstract

Introduction: (ARF) and its sequela, (RHD), remain significant public health concerns in developing countries. Secondary prophylaxis with Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG) is the cornerstone of preventing recurrent ARF and progression of RHD. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BPG in preventing recurrent ARF and RHD in Brazilian children. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Children aged 5-15 years with a history of ARF and/or RHD were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either BPG injections every 28 days or standard care (no BPG) for two years. The primary outcome was the incidence of recurrent ARF episodes. Secondary outcomes included the development of new or worsening RHD, echocardiographic parameters, and adverse events related to BPG. Results: A total of 200 children were enrolled (BPG group = 100, standard care group = 100). The median follow-up duration was 24 months. The incidence of recurrent ARF was significantly lower in the BPG group compared to the standard care group (4% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). The BPG group also demonstrated a reduced risk of developing new or worsening RHD (8% vs. 22%, p = 0.003). Echocardiographic parameters showed improvement in the BPG group, with a significant decrease in left atrial diameter and mitral regurgitation severity. Adverse events related to BPG were mild and infrequent. Conclusion: Secondary prophylaxis with BPG is highly effective in preventing recurrent ARF and RHD in Brazilian children. It should be considered a standard of care for all children with a history of ARF and/or RHD in endemic regions.
Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatrics: A Case Report Ratu Hanny Anggorowati; Huminsa Ranto Mourison Panjaitan; Andre Yusanto; Annisah, Rati
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i2.46

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of childhood NS worldwide is approximately 16 cases per 100,000 children, with an incidence of two to seven per 100,000 children. Primary causes of NS include minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, genetic disorders, and secondary diseases associated with infections, drugs, and neoplasia; however, it can also be idiopathic. Case presentation: A 14-year-old male toddler weighing 39 kg with a 1-week history of swelling around the eyes and both legs and generalized body swelling. On physical examination, swelling was found in both lower legs (pitting type). Laboratory investigations showed protein in urine and reduced serum albumin (2.0 g/dL) with elevated lipid levels. Although a kidney biopsy could not be performed due to the economic problem of the family, a diagnosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) was made based on clinical and laboratory findings. Conclusion: Nephrotic syndrome in children includes dietary adjustments, administration of diuretics to reduce edema, and administration of immunosuppressants such as steroids to induce remission.
Exploring the Role of Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Febrile Seizure Pathogenesis: A Case-Control Study in Mumbai, India Lakshmi Srivanathan; Saeed Khan
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i2.66

Abstract

Introduction: Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common childhood seizure disorder, often causing parental anxiety and posing a challenge for healthcare professionals. While the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, recent research suggests a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, fever, and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in FS pathogenesis among children in Mumbai, India. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 100 children with FS (cases) and 100 age-matched febrile children without seizures (controls) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: Children with FS exhibited significantly higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p<0.001 for all) compared to controls. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly lower in the FS group (p<0.001). Furthermore, MDA levels were significantly elevated (p<0.001), while SOD levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the FS group compared to controls. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the involvement of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in FS pathogenesis. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers, coupled with decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, suggest a dysregulated inflammatory response and impaired antioxidant defense mechanism in children with FS.
The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Stunting-Associated Cognitive Impairment in Hanoi, Vietnam Simone Thanh Nguyen; Marcelle Thrinh
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i2.68

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting, a manifestation of chronic undernutrition, affects millions of children globally and is associated with impaired cognitive development. Chronic inflammation, often triggered by recurrent infections and poor nutritional status, is hypothesized to play a crucial role in this association. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic inflammation, stunting, and cognitive impairment in children under five years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 children aged 6-59 months from various districts in Hanoi. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess stunting (height-for-age z-score < -2 SD). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Socioeconomic status and dietary intake were assessed using questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recalls. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 23.3% in the study population. Stunted children exhibited significantly lower cognitive scores compared to non-stunted children (p<0.001). Elevated levels of CRP and AGP were observed in stunted children, indicating the presence of chronic inflammation. After adjusting for potential confounders, chronic inflammation was independently associated with cognitive impairment in stunted children. Specifically, elevated CRP and AGP levels were associated with lower scores in cognitive domains such as language, motor skills, and cognitive development. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the role of chronic inflammation in mediating the link between stunting and cognitive impairment in children from Hanoi, Vietnam. Addressing chronic inflammation through improved nutrition, infection control, and targeted interventions may be crucial for mitigating the adverse cognitive effects of stunting.
Overview of Worm Infections and Hemoglobin Levels in Children Living in TPA (Final Waste Disposal Site) Tamangapa Makassar, Indonesia Ka’bah; Risma Yuliana
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v1i2.96

Abstract

Introduction: Children who live around TPA Tamangapa often play and do activities around the TPA. This can increase their risk of being exposed to worm eggs or larvae in the garbage. Lack of public knowledge and awareness about the dangers of worm infections. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels are an indicator of a child's nutritional status. This study aims to present an overview of worm infections and hemoglobin levels in children living in TPA (final waste disposal site) Tamangapa Makassar, Indonesia. Methods: This study is a descriptive observational research. This study uses primary data from observations of research subjects. A total of 10 research subjects participated in this study. Results: The results of microscopic examination of fecal samples showed that 6 were positive for worm infections and 4 were negative for worm infections. The positive results were found to be intestinal nematodes, namely Ascaris lumbricoides and Tricuris trichiura. Examination of hemoglobin levels in blood samples with the results obtained were normal in all samples. Conclusion: The majority of subjects experienced worm infections with the worm species found being A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. All samples showed blood hemoglobin levels within normal limits.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Newborns: A Systematic Literature Review Putra, Reza Agustiantwo
Scientific Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Scientific Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjped.v2i1.97

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in newborns involving inflammation and intestinal necrosis. A number of risk factors have been identified, which complexly interact and contribute to the development of this condition. An in-depth understanding of these risk factors has major implications for the prevention, diagnosis and management of NEC in newborns. Babies born prematurely, especially before 32 weeks' gestation, have a higher risk of developing NEC. Low birth weight, regardless of prematurity status, remains a significant independent risk factor. Imbalances in blood circulation, especially in the intestines, can increase the risk of NEC. Hypotension and other medical conditions that affect blood flow to the intestines can be potential triggers. Infection and inflammation, both systemic and local, play a central role in the development of NEC. Bacterial contamination in the digestive tract can trigger an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathophysiological process of NEC. Formula feeding, especially in premature infants, is associated with an increased risk of NEC. The importance of providing exclusive breastfeeding and introducing foods slowly to protect the newborn's intestinal health. Excessive use of antibiotics or without clear indications can change the balance of intestinal microflora and increase the risk of NEC. The importance of judicious selection and use of antibiotics to minimize negative impacts on gut health.

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