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INDONESIA
Jurnal Keamanan Nasional
Published by Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
ISSN : 24427985     EISSN : 25797727     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v5i2.437
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Keamanan Nasional is a scientific and open-access journal managed and published by Puskamnas, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya. This journal is a peer-reviewed journal that aims and focuses to publish new work of the highest caliber across the full range of legal scholars, which includes but is not limited to works in security studies, terrorism, political killings, riots, mass riots, rebellions, security disturbances, maritime security, food security, economic security, and others. However, articles are not included in the area of security studies, national security, human security, or any dimension as long as it is in a security perspective, both traditional and non-traditional security.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 180 Documents
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From Shadows to Spotlight: Analyzing Protodiplomatic Strategies in The 2022 Russia-Ukraine Crisis Fathun Fathun; Elyta Elyta
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

This article aims to analyze the activities of protodiplomacy in the series of conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in 2022. This paper uses qualitative methodology with a case study method. Data collection techniques and, data sources use secondary data through ethnography. In addition, the data analysis technique used is a tracking process to review the historical traces of the occurrence of protodiplomacy in Ukraine. Based on the results of the author’s study, the results obtained are that protodiplomacy is a districtarea activity within the state in the form of a Union or Decentralization that seeks to secede from the territory of the country due to differences in various sides. Paradiplomacy activities as a foreign relations strategy carried out by sub-state actors or local governments are the beginning of protodiplomacy. This means that paradiplomacy activities have the potential to become protodiplomacy if there is no political control in the government’s political governance system. So that paradiplomacy can move as a global political agency to seek support and separate itself from the territory of the country. This research argues that the occurrence of protodiplomacy by Luhansk is due to differences in Culture, Political Justice, and Economic Justice. Protodiplomacy is also known as Identity Paradiplomacy because of the disintegration that occurs due to differences in identity so that regions act to secede. The pro-diplomacy activities that occurred in Luhansk, the Ukrainian region, were also not leas from the support and conflict that struck between Russia and Ukraine. The implication is that Luhansk is more free to choose and move. Moreover, Luhansk has the same historical traces as Russia. Thus, political support became an instrument for Luhansk to secede. Thus, the phenomenon of great power through invasion became a new tradition in the study of contemporary international relations. And it marks the return of great power in global conflicts. On the other hand, the security threat to Ukraine comes not only from the Russian state but from within the country, namely protodiplomacy (desecuritization).
Pemikiran Potensial Ancaman Perang Siber di Indonesia: Suatu Kajian Strategi Pertahanan Binar Arfa Darumaya; Syamsul Maarif; TSL Toruan
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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The information technology revolution has changed the threat map into a more complex space. Cyberspace has become an unlimited platform for cyber activities conducted by various domestic, regional, and international actors. While some people in the world utilize advances in information technology for positive activities, others use it to present threats. This research analyses the State’s perspective on cyber threats, particularly in the context of cyber warfare, in line with Indonesia’s State defense doctrine that classifies threats into three forms: military, non-military, and hybrid. The research method used is qualitative. The research results are expected to provide a clear picture of the nature of the cyber war threat in Indonesia and the government’s strategy in dealing with it. Thus, it is expected that there will be synergy between the role of the TNI as the main component of national defense and related ministries/agencies in developing strategies and implementing the national defense system to face the threat of cyber warfare.
Pencegahan Ujaran Kebencian di Media Sosial Melalui Peringatan Virtual Polisi (PVP) di Bareskrim Polri Herio Ramadhona Chaniago; Bakharuddin M.S; Sari Wahyuni
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

Prevention of Hate Speech on Social Media through Virtual Police Warnings (PVP) at Bareskrim Polri has shown insignificant results. Targeted social media users tend to disobey and ignore warnings, which results in hate speech still being found on social media. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of PVP at Bareskrim Polri through the Situational Crime Prevention Approach and the Social Prevention Approach. This research also considers the Space Transition Theory and Perceptual Deterrence Theory to analyze the response of social media users through the perspective of members involved in PVP operations. This research method implements qualitative research with a case study approach. In order to obtain indepth data, researchers applied snowball sampling in the form of in-depth interviews, document studies of work plans, annual reports, SOPs, and regulations related to PVP, and non-participant observation by coming to the control room and observing PVP operations. The research findings include the finding that the prevention of hate speech on social media through PVP belongs to the Situational Crime Prevention Approach, but PVP is not in line with this approach because the education variable is part of Social Crime Prevention. It was found that there are five causes of social media users not complying with and ignoring PVP, namely differences in reality, semianonymity and anonymity, differences in values and norms, buzzer accounts, and perceptions of the absence of sanctions. Despite the  weaknesses in PVP, prevention of hate speech crimes on social media can be implemented by applying the Illegal Content Crime Triangle Model. The limitation of this study involves research at Bareskrim Polri; therefore, further studies are needed in other locations to complement this research. For academics, this research enriches police knowledge in preventing hate speech or other illegal content through social media. For practitioners, this research provides comprehensive prevention in addressing hate speech or illegal content on social media in cyberspace.
China-Indonesia Maritime Cooperation from the Perspective of Constructivism Yang Yani; Yon Machmudi; Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Rofii
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

China and Indonesia, as two pivotal nations in Asia, have established a cooperative and mutually beneficial social relationship through their longterm interactions. This relationship transcends the extensive maritime domains and abundant marine resources of both countries, being deeply influenced by their shared norms and collective identities. For instance, China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum strategy not only exemplify this social relationship but also mirror the mutual understanding and aspirations of both nations regarding maritime cooperation. Specifically, notable advancements have been achieved in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure development, fisheries, energy, and marine tourism. Concrete examples of these positive outcomes include the collaborative Jakarta-Bandung HighSpeed Rail project and the development of the “Twin Parks” fisheries center between China and Indonesia. However, despite the positive strides in economic cooperation, progress in maritime security collaboration has been comparatively slow. Challenges such as the South China Sea disputes, illegal fishing, Indonesia’s policy of balancing major powers, and the rise of domestic nationalism present potential hurdles to cooperation. To further deepen their partnership, both countries need to continually adjust and reshape their norms and identities through interaction, enhance political trust, and strengthen cultural exchanges. Moreover, actively exploring possibilities in non-traditional security cooperation, such as joint efforts in marine environmental protection and combating maritime crime, could pave new pathways for the development of their bilateral relations.
Analisis Kapabilitas Efektif guna Melaksanakan Operasi Militer dalam Kontra Insurjensi di Wilayah Papua Stellar Mella; Fauziah Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Pujo Widodo
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

Gray argues that a good strategy must be realistic and implementable in accordance with the available means. This study aims to analyze the capabilities needed to carry out military operations effectively to support the implementation of counterinsurgency. The research method used in writing this article is a qualitative research method with literature study which is carried out by collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to the research topic and then critically analyzed in order to answer research questions related to security force capabilities needed in the context of counterinsurgency, especially in the Papua region to support the implementation of the national defense strategy. The results of this study found that the capabilities needed include; Information Operations capabilities, intelligence capabilities, land and coastal (sea and air) border guarding capabilities, tactical air mobility to support movement, and troops with special capabilities in arresting/ enforcement of HVT (High Value Target). In addition, there are also institutional capabilities that need to exist i.e civil governance or capabilities, institutional management capacity, harmonized command and control, logistics, and robust the justice system and law enforcement.
Analisis terhadap Krisis Regulasi Pengaturan Crypto Currency yang Mengancam Human Security di Indonesia Djuni Thamrin; Amalia Syauket
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

The global economic landscape, particularly in Indonesia, is intricately linked to the realm of information technology. Cryptocurrency, often referred to as virtual or digital currency, is a product of financial technology (fintech) advancement and represents a disruptive innovation affecting various industries. Currently, the financial sector is particularly disrupted by the widespread use of cryptocurrency. However, the question arises as to whether the phenomenon of cryptocurrency is inherently illegal, warranting a negative label and posing a threat to human security when viewed from currency, legal, and economic perspectives. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, emphasizing secondary data obtained from diverse sources such as journal articles, conference papers, and relevant documents on cryptocurrency. The findings indicate that, within the Indonesian legal system, cryptocurrency cannot function as a means of payment due to its failure to fully meet the criteria of a currency. The utilization of cryptocurrency in quoting prices and conducting payments for goods and services contradicts currency laws. Nevertheless, cryptocurrency has acquired a clear legal attribute as a tradable commodity on futures exchanges. The ideal regulatory framework at present involves the creation of proportionate regulations, focusing on implementing antimoney laundering programs, addressing operational risks, and ensuring consumer protection. Striking a balance is crucial, as an inadequate regulatory environment not only jeopardizes economic welfare but also poses a significant threat to the core of human security.
Enhancing Counterterrorism Cooperation Through Intelligence Collaborations in Indomalphi (2018-2023) Mutia Kartika Andalus; Muradi; Yusa Djuyandi
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Abstract

Terrorism issues are rapidly evolving in the Southeast Asian region, particularly for Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines as countries directly impacted by terrorism issues due to the presence and growth of terrorist groups like Jamaah Islamiyah (JI) and Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). Criminal activities and terrorism continue to occur in these three countries. Therefore, the Trilateral Cooperation Agreement (TCA) of Indomalphi collaboration was established in response to address terrorism issues that could threaten regional security and stability. One form of this cooperation is sharing intelligence information to detect the movements of terrorist groups. However, there are some obstacles in the implementation of cooperation in the Southeast Asian region, including distrust, the ASEAN Way, and differences in the paradigms of handling terrorism issues within Indomalphi. Hence, this article aims to analyze how the collaborative efforts by Intelkam Polri strengthen intelligence cooperation within Indomalphi on terrorism issues from 2018 to 2022. This paper employs a qualitative method with a theoretical approach. Primary data is obtained through documentation studies, and secondary data is obtained through literature review. The research findings indicate that Intelkam Polri has made collaborative efforts to strengthen intelligence cooperation within Indomalphi. This is evident through information sharing, workshops, training, and coordination with BAIS TNI and other cooperation units in Malaysia and the Philippines. However, operational aspects, as well as the determination of authority, responsibilities, and rights, should be clarified and articulated in a regulation or standard operating procedure (SOP) to facilitate Intelkam and cooperating units.
Unjuk Rasa Anarkis: Analisis Faktor dan Peran Kepolisian dalam Penanggulangan Dedy Indriyanto
JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Volume IX, No. 2, Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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This article aims to explain the factors that influence the occurrence of anarchist demonstrations and the role of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) in dealing with anarchist demonstrations. The author uses an approach using normative juridical methods supported by interviews. The primary legal data sources used are Law No. 9 of 1998 and the National Police Chief's Regulations relating to the handling of anarchist demonstrations. The results of the research show that peaceful demonstrations became anarchic due to the presence of provocateurs from groups outside the demonstration masses. Apart from that, this research also found that more anarchist demonstrations were carried out by masses of student groups compared to other social groups, such as workers or political parties. This article concludes that anarchist demonstrations are not a single factor, non-processional police can also trigger anarchist demonstrations.
Islam dan Pancasila di Era Reformasi:Sebuah Reorientasi Aksi Andar Nubowo
Jurnal Keamanan Nasional Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015): JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL VOL 1 NO 1 TAHUN 2015
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Keamanan Nasional (Puskamnas) Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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Problem utama yang didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini adalah hubungan Islam dan Pancasila di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan perspektif historis, hubungan Islam dan Pancasila mengalami perdebatan, sebagian kelompok menghendaki pancasila tidak bisa dijadikan dasar negara dan kelompok yang lain menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Dalam pandangan penulis, kelompok yang tidak bisa menerima pancasila sebagai dasar negara masih ada di era reformasi. Hal ini nampak dalam beberapa gerakan ormas atau partai politik yang masih secara masif kampanye anti pancasila dan pada titik tertentu menggunakan cara-cara kekerasan. Proyek politik anti pancasila ini yang oleh penulis disebut dengan nalar syariatik yang hanya bersifat utopia
Utilization of AIS Satellite Data as Behavior Information Towards Interruption Violations in the Makassar Strait Tri Hadinata; Rudy Sutanto; James Julian; Lukman Yudho Prakoso; Demo Putra
Jurnal Keamanan Nasional Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): JURNAL KEAMANAN NASIONAL VOL 9 NO 1 TAHUN 2023
Publisher : Pusat Kajian Keamanan Nasional (Puskamnas) Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya

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 Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelagic country, with a coastline of 81,000 km. Indonesia’s beaches and seas are rich in natural resources, especially marine commodities like fish. The abundance of fish in the Indonesian seas has led to crimes committed by domestic ships not equipped with documents and foreign vessels. This study aims to analyze the causes of crime in the Makassar Strait with a crime orientation in the middle of the sea. In particular, this study also examines the security monitoring process using AIS Satellite. So that in the future, the enforcement carried out by stakeholders related to sea and maritime security will become more conducive and transparent. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe data from AIS satellites in the Makassar Strait. The data collection process is carried out by taking satellite data directly and processing it so that some information about ship types and loading and unloading activities can be known comprehensively. Then it is used to determine which ships are initially identified as committing a violation. This information is used to act effectively, efficiently, and appropriately on sea breaches. This method is expected realization that institutions and stakeholders can work together to patrol at sea and promptly act against violations at sea. The discussion location is in the Makassar Strait because the area borders other countries and is one of the locations for abundant fish resources and international shipping lanes. The data for identifying ships suspected of committing crimes in the Makassar Strait was processed from 2019 to 2022. The violations include 22 smuggling ships, 13 drug smuggling ships, and 12 offending crime ships. The data revealed significant violations. Thus, from the analysis results, it is better to need the right timing in implementing patrols and the appropriate momentum for enforcement. Therefore, AIS Satellite is expected to help and improve law enforcement in that location.

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