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JKHI
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ISSN : 29869498     EISSN : 29869501     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/khi.
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Kajian Hubungan Internasional adalah jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Laboratorium Diplomasi, Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, tujuannya adalah menjadi ruang diskusi ilmiah ,tentang berbagai wacana keilmuan Hubungan internasional dalam bentuk penelitian mandiri dosen maupun penelitian bersama antara dosen dengan mahasiswa. Jurnal ini terbit setahun dua kali, pada Bulan April dan Oktober. Sebagai ruang atmoster akademik, maka jurnal ini terbuka bagi seluruh hasil penelitian mandiri dosen maupun penelitian bersama antar dosen dengan mahasiswa, diluar program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang Semoga kehadiran jurnal ini mampu memperkaya cakrawala keilmuan Hubungan Internasional, baik secara internasional maupun nasional.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 71 Documents
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Sejarah Pembangunan Dan Reformasi Ekonomi China Setiawan, Zudi
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

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Abstract

China has succeeded as a driver of the world economy, and is now one of the world's economic giants. What China has achieved is the result of hard work and intelligence of Chinese leaders, business people and the Chinese people. Rapid growth occurred especially after the implementation of China's economic reform policy in 1979. The purpose of this study is to find out the history of China's economic development and reform. This research is a qualitative study using literature studies. The theory used in this study is Kuntowijoyo's theory related to five stages in historical research, including topic selection, source collection, verification of historical criticism, interpretation, and writing. The data analysis of this study uses a qualitative approach. Based on the results of this study, it can be explained that China has a very long history, especially in the economic sector. Its monetary power in the global sector is felt by many countries in the world. Since the economic reform in 1979, the poverty rate of the Chinese population has fallen from 53% in 1981 to 1.7% in 2018. Over the past few years, China has become the most progressive and largest economy in the world. Keywords : China, History, Reform, Economy, Development ABSTRAK China berhasil sebagai penggerak ekonomi dunia, dan kini menjadi salah satu raksasa ekonomi dunia. Apa yang dicapai oleh China merupakan hasil kerja keras, dan cerdas para pemimpin China, para pelaku bisnis dan rakyat China. Pertumbuhan pesat terjadi terutama setelah diterapkannya kebijakan reformasi ekonomi China pada 1979. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sejarah pembangunan dan reformasi ekonomi China. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teorinya Kuntowijoyo terkait dengan lima tahapan dalam penelitian sejarah, di antaranya adalah pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi kritik sejarah, interpretasi, dan penulisan. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa China memiliki sejarah yang sangat panjang, khususnya di bidang ekonomi. Kekuatan moneternya di bidang global dirasakan oleh banyak negara di dunia. Sejak reformasi ekonomi pada 1979, laju kemiskinan populasi China telah turun dari 53% pada tahun 1981 menjadi 1,7% pada tahun 2018. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, China telah menjadi negara dengan ekonomi paling progresif dan terbesar di dunia. Kata Kunci : China, Sejarah, Reformasi, Ekonomi, Pembangunan
Kegagalan Kemerdekaan New Caledonia Dari Prancis: Studi Kasus Perjuangan Suku Kanak Akbar, Ridwan Azhari; Firnas, Muhamad Adian; Fitriyanti, Rahmi
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

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Abstract

This study analyzes the causes of the Kanak people's failed struggle in the New Caledonia independence referendum in 2018, 2020, and 2021. The Kanak people are an indigenous people who inhabited New Caledonia before the arrival of the French in 1853. The Kanak people have fought for their independence through referendums stipulated in the 1998 Noumea Agreement. This agreement provides for three referendums, but all referendums failed to make New Caledonia independent. Thus, the third referendum in 2021 marks the end of the Kanak people's struggle for independence, they are legally integrated into the French Republic as a final decision. This study uses the conceptual framework of "referendum" to determine the fate of independence, and "integration" as a colonial strategy aimed at maintaining control over its colonies. The research method used is qualitative which is descriptive analytical, an inductive approach, using primary and secondary sources, and library research data collection techniques. This study found that the causes of the referendum failure were a combination of political strategies, demographic imbalances between the Kanak people and immigrants, and a voting system that did not benefit the Kanak people. The dynamics of voting rights are also very significant in providing advantages for immigrants who can vote in a referendum that should be a referendum on the fate of the Kanak tribe. This study highlights that the referendum, which should be a democratic instrument, is used as a political tool to maintain decolonization in a modern form that is actually aimed at maintaining the colonial power. In the case of New Caledonia, the referendum has become a means to integrate the region into the French Republic, and sacrifice the right to self-determination of independence which should be the main focus of the decolonization process in the Non-Self Governing Territories (NSGT). Keywords: Referendum, Kanak tribe, New Caledonia ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisis penyebab perjuangan suku Kanak yang gagal dalam referendum kemerdekaan New Caledonia pada 2018, 2020, dan 2021. Suku Kanak adalah suku asli yang menghuni New Caledonia sebelum kedatangan Prancis pada 1853. Suku Kanak telah berjuang untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaannya melalui referendum yang diatur dalam Perjanjian Noumea 1998. Perjanjian ini memberikan kesempatan tiga kali referendum, tetapi semua referendum gagal untuk membuat New Caledonia merdeka. Dengan demikian, referendum ketiga tahun 2021 menandai akhir perjuangan kemerdekaan suku Kanak, mereka secara sah terintegrasi ke dalam Republik Prancis sebagai keputusan yang final. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konseptual “referendum” untuk menentukan nasib kemerdekaan, dan “integrasi” sebagai strategi kolonial yang bertujuan mempertahankan kendali atas wilayah jajahannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, pendekatan induktif, menggunakan sumber primer dan sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penyebab kegagalan referendum adalah kombinasi strategi politik, ketidakseimbangan demografi suku Kanak dengan warga pendatang, dan sistem pemilih yang tidak menguntungkan suku Kanak. Dinamika hak pilih juga sangat signifikan dalam memberikan keunggulan bagi warga pendatang yang bisa memilih pada referendum yang seharusnya menjadi referendum penentuan nasib suku Kanak. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa referendum yang seharusnya menjadi instrumen demokratis, tetapi digunakan sebagai alat politik untuk mempertahankan dekolonisasi dalam bentuk modern yang justru bertujuan untuk mempertahankan wilayah kekuasaan kolonial. Dalam kasus New Caledonia, referendum telah menjadi sarana untuk mengintegrasikan wilayah tersebut ke dalam Republik Prancis, dan mengorbankan hak penentuan nasib kemerdekaan yang seharusnya menjadi fokus utama dari proses dekolonisasi di wilayah Non-Self Governing Territories (NSGT). Kata Kunci : referendum, suku kanak, new caledonia
Analisis Prinsip Non-Interference Dalam Asean Way: Implikasi Bagi Stabilitas Ekonomi-Keamanan Di Asia Tenggara Laia, Anastasia Meilin Gita Permata; Zeffilda, Gadis
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

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Abstract

This research examines the principle of non-interference in the ASEAN Way and its implications for economic stability and security in Southeast Asia. As a cornerstone of ASEAN, this principle aims to maintain regional harmony by respecting the sovereignty of member states. However, its implementation faces challenges, particularly in addressing transnational issues such as economic integration through the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the South China Sea disputes. The study adopts a constructivist approach and two-level game theory to analyze how domestic and international dynamics influence the effectiveness of this principle. The findings indicate that the non-interference principle creates a dilemma between preserving national sovereignty and the need to strengthen regional cooperation. In the context of the AEC, differences in economic development levels among member states often hinder policy harmonization in trade. Meanwhile, the South China Sea disputes highlight ASEAN’s limitations in confronting external aggression, although consensus-building and quiet diplomacy have helped maintain internal solidarity. The principle also slows decision-making on urgent strategic issues. The study recommends that ASEAN adapt its application of the non-interference principle to be more responsive to contemporary challenges. A more flexible approach and robust enforcement mechanisms are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of regional policies. By strengthening collective identity and regional norms, ASEAN can bolster regional stability, improve economic competitiveness, and respond to global challenges more effectively and sustainably. Keywords: ASEAN Way, AEC, SCS, Two-Level Game Theory ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji prinsip non-interference dalam ASEAN Way dan implikasinya terhadap stabilitas ekonomi serta keamanan di Asia Tenggara. Sebagai pilar utama, prinsip ini bertujuan menjaga keharmonisan regional dengan menghormati kedaulatan negara anggota. Namun, penerapannya menghadapi tantangan, terutama dalam menangani isu-isu transnasional seperti integrasi ekonomi melalui ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) dan sengketa Laut Cina Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme dan two-level game theory untuk menganalisis bagaimana dinamika domestik dan internasional memengaruhi efektivitas penerapan prinsip ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip non-interference menciptakan dilema antara menjaga kedaulatan nasional dan kebutuhan untuk memperkuat kerja sama regional. Dalam konteks AEC, perbedaan tingkat pembangunan ekonomi antarnegara anggota sering menghambat harmonisasi kebijakan perdagangan. Sementara itu, sengketa Laut Cina Selatan menyoroti keterbatasan ASEAN dalam menghadapi agresi eksternal, meskipun pendekatan konsensus dan diplomasi tenang membantu menjaga solidaritas internal. Prinsip ini juga memperlambat proses pengambilan keputusan pada isu strategis yang mendesak. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan ASEAN untuk mengadaptasi penerapan prinsip non-interference agar lebih responsif terhadap tantangan kontemporer. Pendekatan yang lebih fleksibel dan mekanisme penegakan yang kuat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kebijakan regional. Dengan memperkuat identitas kolektif dan norma-norma regional, ASEAN dapat memperkuat stabilitas kawasan, meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi, serta menghadapi tantangan global secara lebih responsif dan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: ASEAN Way, AEC, SCS, Two-Level Game Theory
Indonesia's Global Maritime Fulcrum and Its Contribution in Maintaining ASEAN Maritime Security Stability Purwanto, Adi Joko; Hidayah, Nikmatul
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

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Abstract

This paper discusses Indonesia's maritime vision through Global Maritime Fulcrum during the administration of President Joko Widodo 2014-2019 and its contribution in maintaining ASEAN maritime security stability. Southeast Asia is a strategic region since the era of the second world war, the cold war and even today it is still a place of competition between the great powers of the world the United States and China. The competition between the United States and China at the global level has the potential to disrupt regional unity and make ASEAN fail to play its central role. The challenge provide an insight into the importance of Indonesia's role as the largest and most strategic country in Southeast Asia in maintaining the stability of regional maritime security. Indonesia's policy in the field of defense security will have an impact on ASEAN. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach using secondary data such as review of academic articles, books, Journals, reports, and other relevant literature with two research questions First, what is the concept of Indonesia's maritime security in the Global Maritime Fulcrum policy? And Second, how does Global Maritime Fulcrum Policy contribute to maintaining the stability of ASEAN's maritime security? Keywords: Global Maritime Fulcrum, Maritime Security, ASEAN Maritime Security, Regional Stability
The Role of Meatballs as a Means of Culinary Diplomacy in Building Indonesia’s International Image: Peran Bakso sebagai Sarana Diplomasi Kuliner dalam Membangun Citra Internasional Indonesia -, Anggiana Chantika Fitri; -, Made Panji Teguh Santoso
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.13020

Abstract

This study discusses meatballs as a culinary icon used in Indonesia's participatory gastrodiplomacy strategy to build cultural image and strengthen international relations. The problem raised is the absence of a systematic study that elaborates on the role of meatballs in public diplomacy practices, both by state and non-state actors. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design based on a literature review and the constructivism paradigm. Data were obtained from nine literature documents, both academic and institutional, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that meatballs are able to become an effective medium for cultural communication in various diplomatic contexts: from official activities of the Indonesian Embassy, ​​informal diplomacy by diaspora communities and students, to city diplomacy through inter-regional cooperation. These findings indicate that the meaning and function of meatballs in diplomacy are flexible, negotiable, and have great potential to form positive perceptions of Indonesia. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening gastrodiplomacy strategies based on culinary icons that are integrated with the active role of various stakeholders, including diaspora and local actors, to support Indonesia's cultural diplomacy sustainably. Keywords: (meatballs, gastrodiplomacy, cultural diplomacy, national branding, constructivism)
French Cultural Diplomacy Strategy through Social Media: Analysis of IFI Indonesia Instagram Content Yulianti, Yumi; Made Panji Teguh Santoso
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.13029

Abstract

This study analyses the cultural diplomacy strategies of France through the Instagram social media platform, as implemented by the Institut Français Indonesia (IFI). Using a descriptive qualitative approach and content analysis of six selected posts from March to May 2025, the study identifies the effectiveness of cultural content in building audience engagement. The results show that educational content, such as promotions for the LPDP–France scholarship, achieved the highest engagement rate (16.15%), followed by performing arts (3.23%) and film (1.57%). Meanwhile, culinary and interactive content, despite having lower engagement rates, play a crucial role in fostering interpersonal relationships (people-to-people diplomacy). Narrative analysis in captions and the use of Instagram Story features reveal adaptive communication strategies that combine persuasive copywriting techniques with contextual cultural approaches. In conclusion, IFI successfully leveraged Instagram as a tool for digital cultural diplomacy through visual content, emotional narratives, and participatory interactions, effectively strengthening France's soft power in Indonesia.
Mencari Titik : Temu Rekonsiliasi Teoretis Antara Konsep Islam, Liberalisme, Dan Sosialisme Dalam Politik Di Indonesia Abad Ke-21: Finding the Common Ground: A Theoretical Reconciliation Between Islamic, Liberal, and Socialist Concepts in 21st-Century Indonesian Politics MUALIPATUS S, SITI
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.14505

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and identify the common ground among the concepts of Islam, Liberalism, and Socialism within the political context of 21st-century Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative analitic approach, the research examines how Islamic values such as shura (consultation), ‘adl (justice), hurriyyah (freedom), and musawah (equality), along with liberal values such as individual freedom, democracy, and the free market, as well as socialist values including equality, cooperation, and social compassion, shape political policies within the state. The findings indicate that various aspects and policies of governance can be effectively developed through a synthesis of the best elements from these three ideological frameworks. The study concludes that the integration of selected values from Islam, Liberalism, and Socialism plays a significant role in building a conducive political system, protecting citizens’ rights, and fostering global cooperation. Nevertheless, this integration also faces numerous challenges and opens further discussions on the evolution of political thought in 21st-century Indonesia.   Keywords: Islam, Liberalism, Socialism, Political Policy
Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) dan Konsep Pembangunan Masyarakat di Negara-negara Kepulauan Kecil: Madagaskar dan Maladewa Syakirin, Jamaluddin; Susanto, Siti Rokhmawati
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.14515

Abstract

The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serves as a development benchmark in various countries to achieve balanced and sustainable global development. This presents various challenges, depending on the capabilities of each country. Small island nations, in addition to unique circumstances, also face program adaptations to achieve the SDGs, as determined by the target milestones. Community development programs in Madagascar and the Maldives demonstrate similarities and different approaches, tailored to the unique contexts of each country. This article employs a comparative case study methodology, analyzing secondary data from government reports, NGO initiatives, and academic literature on SDG-related programs in both nations. Key findings reveal that while both countries prioritize poverty alleviation through livelihood diversification (e.g., fisheries in the Maldives and agriculture in Madagascar), environmental sustainability efforts differ: the Maldives focuses on climate-resilient tourism, whereas Madagascar emphasizes reforestation and biodiversity conservation. These approaches enhance community quality of life but highlight resource constraints in small islands. The study concludes that context-specific adaptations are essential for SDG success, offering policy recommendations for other vulnerable nations.
Upaya Mediasi Tiongkok Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Internal Afghanistan Tahun 2016-2021 Madjid, Dhy'van Yusuf; Sagena, Uni W.
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.14560

Abstract

This research examines China's mediation efforts in resolving Afghanistan's internal conflict between 2016 and 2021, emphasizing the strategic national interests driving its involvement. Employing a qualitative explanatory method, the study utilizes secondary data gathered from scholarly literature, official reports, and policy documents. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model, involving data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion. The findings demonstrate that China's mediation is primarily motivated by its economic and security interests, notably its intent to safeguard investments and curb the spread of extremism into Xinjiang. Additionally, China seeks to promote regional stability to support the broader objectives of its Belt and Road Initiative. By engaging in bilateral dialogues and multilateral platforms—including collaboration with both the Afghan government and the Taliban—China has established itself as a pragmatic and influential actor in Central Asia’s peace process. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of China's foreign policy approach, regional engagement strategies, and conflict resolution diplomacy.
Rethinking Politics From China Through Relationality And Moral Leadership A Conceptual Analysis: RETHINKING POLITICS FROM CHINA THROUGH RELATIONALITY AND MORAL LEADERSHIP A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS Dhani, Muhammad Dhani; Pramono, Sugiarto
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2025.4.2.15010

Abstract

The dominance of Western theories in the study of International Relations (IR) has long shaped the ontological, epistemological, and normative assumptions of the discipline. With the rise of China as a global actor, intellectual efforts have emerged to develop IR theories grounded in China’s historical experience and philosophical traditions. This article examines the conceptual foundations, historical development, and major contributions of Chinese International Relations theory to the enrichment of global IR theory. Focusing on Qin Yaqing’s relational approach and Yan Xuetong’s moral realism, the article demonstrates that Chinese IR theory offers a substantive critique of individualism, instrumental rationality, and material reductionism embedded in Western IR theories. By emphasizing social relations, morality, and ethical leadership, Chinese IR theory broadens prevailing understandings of power, legitimacy, and international order. Drawing on Amitav Acharya’s Global IR framework and Hun Joon Kim’s analysis of IR theory with Chinese characteristics, the article argues that the contribution of Chinese IR theory lies not in claims of cultural superiority, but in its capacity to enrich theoretical pluralism and to decolonize IR knowledge. It concludes that Chinese IR theory has the potential to become an integral component of Global IR, provided that it is developed in a critical, dialogical, and context-transcending manner.

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