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Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : 20877099     EISSN : 24076090     DOI : 10.25026/jtpc
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry is a Six monthly (June and December), international, open access, journal dedicated to various disciplines of pharmaceutical and allied sciences. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry publishes manuscripts (Original research Article, review articles, Mini-reviews, and Short communication) on original work, either experimental or theoretical in the following areas: Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, Novel &Targeted Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy & Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Microbiology, Pharmacy practice & Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacovigilance, Natural Product Research, Drug Regulatory Affairs, Case Study & Full clinical trials, Biomaterials & Bioactive polymers, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 298 Documents
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The Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction from Java Cardamom Raissa Raissa; Windi Cahya Amalia; Meri Ayurini; Khabib Khumaini; Paramita Jaya Ratri
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i2.257

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest spice-producing regions such as the Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum). The cardamom can be converted into derivative products in the form of cardamom essential oil. In this work, we attempted to extract the essential oil from the cardamom by comparing two methods of extraction which are the steam distillation and the simple distillation. The optimization factors considered on the extraction yield were solvent (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) and extraction time (3-6 h). The extraction yield obtained by both methods in ethyl acetate solvents was almost equal to that obtained in n-hexane. Also, the result obtained revealed that the extraction yield increased with time. The optimum essential oil yield was obtained by the simple distillation method in 6 hours duration time using n-hexane solvent giving the yield of 6.3 %. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the chemical composition of the extracted oil. The results showed that the chemical composition of the essential oils is different in each extraction time. The main compounds in all oil samples were eucalyptol and camphene among four other constituents. The concentration of eucalyptol reached an optimum (90.89 - 93.74 %) at 4 – 5 h of distillation times, while the concentration of camphene reached an optimum (52.98 %) at 6 h. The purity of the essential oil was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Moreover, this research will help to utilize the cardamom due to its main compounds that act as herbal medicine.
Pharmacological Activities of Three Kinds “Kayu kuning”: Arcangelisia flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fenestratum – an Short Review Riski Sulistiarini; Andreanus A Soemardji; Elfahmi; Maria Immaculata Iwo
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

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Abstract

The literature-based review was constructed discussing three types of yellow woods plant from Indonesia, including Arcangelisia flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fenestratum. Yellow wood plants are widely used as traditional medicine due to its activities that were pharmacologically studied. Those activities include antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, toxicity, antidiabetic, anticolestroleia, antihypertensive to liver activity, and health-behavior changes in experimental animals.
Thiopental Elevates Steady-State Levels of Intracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ in Rat Thymic Lymphocytes: Toxicity test of thiopental on rat thymic lymphocytes Norio Kamemura; Keisuke Oyama; Shinya Ueno; Mizuki Mizobuchi; Kazumi Ishidoh; Naoki Kanematsu
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i2.259

Abstract

Thiopental is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has been used commonly in the induction phase of general anesthesia. However, the toxic effect of thiopental is not completely clear.?The effect of thiopental on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels was investigated in non-excitable cells. Experiments were carried out using a flow-cytometric technique, rat thymic lymphocytes (as non-excitable cells), and appropriate fluorescent probes. Treatment of cells with 300 µM thiopental increased Fluo-3 fluorescence intensity, indicating elevation of [Ca2+]i. This increase was partially attenuated by a chelator of intracellular Zn2+. Thus, thiopental elevated both [Ca2+]i and intracellular Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) levels. Under intracellular Zn2+-free conditions, 100–300 µM thiopental was still able to induce a statistically significant increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas removal of extracellular Ca2+ greatly reduced the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by this dose of thiopental. Therefore, the thiopental-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was mainly due to an increased influx of Ca2+. Treatment of cells with 300 µM thiopental increased FluoZin-3 fluorescence intensity, indicating the presence of [Zn2+]i, both in the presence and absence of extracellular Zn2+. The thiopental-induced elevation of [Zn2+]i was due to an increase in both influx of Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+ release. Concanavalin A (10 µg/mL) augmented Fluo-3 fluorescence in the presence of an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. The combination of concanavalin A and 100–300 µM thiopental synergistically increased [Ca2+]i. Results suggest that thiopental increases [Ca2+]i in both quiescent and activated lymphocytes, possibly resulting in modulation of immune system function.
Melicope moluccana Antimalarial Activity of Furoquinoline Alkaloids from the Leaves of Melicope moluccana Ryan Ayub Wahjoedi; Ratih Dewi Saputri; Tjitjik Srie Tjahjandarie; Mulyadi Tanjung
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i2.260

Abstract

Two furoquinoline alkaloids, leptanoine C (1) and haplopine-3,3´-dimethylallyl ether (2) were isolated from the leaves of Melicope moluccana. The chemical structure of both compounds was determined based on spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data. The antimalarial activity of compounds 1-2 against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 showing their IC50 values are 0.18 ppm and 2.28 µg/mL, respectively.
Optimization of Gelling Agents and Emulsifiers in Emulgel Bases, and Physical Evaluation of Emulgel containing Sepabang (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Leaves Extract Nur Mita; Mirhansyah Ardana; Muhammad Arifuddin; Noor Linda Febrianie; Sofa Farida
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

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Abstract

Sepabang (Melastoma malabathricumshot L.) leaf contains a group of phenolic compounds and has a very strong antioxidant activity so it is potentially to be developed in the form of pharmaceutical preparations. The purpose of this research is to optimize and formulate an emulgel containing Sepabang leaf extract that physically stable. Emulgel preparations are formulated using carbopol and hydroxyprophylmethylcellulose as gelling agents and Tween 60 – Span 60 and combination of triethanolamine and stearic acid as emulsifiers, with a concentration of methanol extract of Sepabang leaves of 0.25%. Physical characteristics of emulgel preparations include pH value, viscosity determination, and spreadability test evaluated at room temperature for 4 weeks. The physical stability test is done by the Freeze Thaw method for 6 cycles, of which 1 cycle consists of 48 hours at 4°C and 48 hours at 40°C. The results showed that the Sepabang emulgel that meet physical characteristic and stability parameters are F1 with HPMC as gelling agents and Tween 60-Span 60 3% as emulsifiers.
WITHDRAWAL: Essential Oil Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Lepidium sativum Seed Gashaw Nigussie; Dinkayehu Desta; Sintayehu Ashenafi; Yemane Werede
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.265

Abstract

Lepidium sativum plants are available abundantly in all part of Ethiopia and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. The work done on essential oil chemical characterization and biological activity of this plant are still insufficient reports in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of the present study was to carry out essential oil chemical characterization and antibacterial activities of the seeds extracts and oils of L. sativum obtained from the local area Kersu Kebele, Goma Wereda, Jimma zone. The study was conducted by extraction of the seeds with organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The study performed on extraction of essential oil of the seed through hydrodistillation and investigation of phytochemical constituents of each solvent extract. The n-hexane extract (oil) and the essential oil of the seed extract were analyzed with GC-MS and 11 components were obtained from each types of oil. 7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienoic acid (64.42%) and Indol (63.78%) were the major components of n-hexane extracted and essential oil of the seeds respectively. Moreover both oils were held unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and aromatic derivative compounds. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraqunnes, and tannins. Antibacterial activities of the essential oil were implemented by disc diffusion method against one Gram positive bacterium Stphylococus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria: E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klibsiella pneumoniae. The inhibition zones of the samples were compared with standard drug ceftriaxone. The essential oil showed antibacterial activities on all the tested bacteria.
Effect Analysis of Protein Intake of Pedicab Driver in Surabaya Amelia Lorensia; Rivan Virlando Suryadinata; Bela C. M. Sidabutar
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.266

Abstract

Approximately 64 million people suffer from copd and 3 million people die from copd. No exception to pedicab rickshaw drivers, which is one job that has a high risk of copd. From workplace factors that are always exposed to vehicle fumes and dust pollution and also lifestyles such as smoking habits. Pedal rickshaw drivers are also classified as low economic groups, so their daily food intake is sometimes insufficient. Thus making daily protein intake also reduced, protein intake is very important in copd disease. Where protein can improve the performance of respiratory muscles and improve immune function. This study uses a 24-hour recall method by recording the respondent's food history in the last 24 hours to see how daily food protein intake. In this study lung function measurements were also performed using spirometry where the normal value is if fev1 / fvc> 70%. Obtained a total of 124 respondents with a total of 62 in the lung function disorder group and 62 non-impaired groups of respondents aged an average of 55-64 years with a history of working as a pedicab driver for approximately 5 years. In the different test the asymp sig has a result of 0.000 where the conclusions in this study are as follows: there is a significant difference between daily food protein intake in the pedicab rickshaw driver group with impaired pulmonary function and non pedestrian pedicab driver.
A Phytopharmacological Review on a Medicinal Plant: Cordia africana Lam. Gashaw Nigussie; Fozia Ibrahim; Sebsib Neway
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.267

Abstract

The use of phytoconstituents single or combined with standard medicines has been utilized in cure of different diseases. Many plants of genus Cordia comprise of trees and shrubs are widely distributed in warmer regions and have been utilized in management of various diseases. Cordia africana Lam. (family- Boraginaceae) is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, 4 to 15 (30) m high, heavily branched with a spreading, umbrella-shaped or rounded crown. Bole typically curved or crooked. Bark grayish-brown to dark brown, smooth in young trees, but soon becoming rough and longitudinally fissured with age; young branch lets with sparse long. Uses of C. africana: firewood, timber (furniture, beehives, boxes, mortars, church, drums), food (fruit), medicine (bark, roots), fodder (leaves), bee forage, mulch, soil conservation, ornamental, shade. Various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates and protins having different activities were screened and isolated from different parts of Cordia africana. Various important Pharmacological properties including Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive, and others have been well documented for this plant. Therefore, we have briefly reviewed the various bioactivities of Cordia africana to improve our knowledge on plant phytochemicals as therapeutic entities. The present review describes the various phytoconstituents and therapeutic potential of Cordia africana that can be followed for future research on this plant for human health benefits.
Leaf Extract Microencapsulation of Stevia rebaudiana Bert Using Inulin-Chitosan as Anti-Diabetes Diet Mutmainah Mutmainah; Yohanes Martono; Ika Puspitaningrum; Lia Kusmita
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 5 No. 3 (2021): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v5i3.270

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a collection of symptoms that arise in someone who has increased blood glucose levels. The Stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bert) contains a compound of diterpene glycosides as steviosida and rebaudiosida A. Purified extract of steviosida and rebaudiosida A is widely used as a sweetener for low calorie food and beverage products or as a sugar substitute for diabetics and has the effect of lowering blood sugar levels. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic effect of microencapsulated preparations of Stevia leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana) with a combination of inulin chitosan encapsulation. Antidiabetic mellitus test was carried out in vivo using test animals of male white rats of Wistar strain. The inducing compound that can cause the condition of diabetes mellitus test animals is Aloxan with a dose of 150 mg / kg Body weight of rats. given intraperitoneally for one day, then the mice were allowed to stand for 3 days to reach a state of diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose levels of test animals were measured on days 1 (initial), 5 (induction) and 12 (treatment) to determine the initial blood glucose levels, after induction of alloxan and after administration of test compounds both CMC Na 0.5% , glibenclamide, and preparations microencapsulation of Stevia leaf extract at a dose of 100; 300; and 700 mg / kg body weight. The results were obtained after 7 days of treatment, it was seen that blood glucose levels in the CMC group remained high, while the Glibenclamid administration group, and the three dosages of microencapsulation preparations of Stevia leaf extract could reduce blood glucose levels. This can be seen from the statistical test that there is a significant difference (p
Identification of Factors Causing Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) of Under-Fives in Community Health Center Work Area in North Jayapura Sub-District Reychell Mirino; Dary Dary; Rifatolistia Rifatolistia
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.271

Abstract

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract of organs. This infection is caused by the virus, fungi, and bacteria that begin with fever and one or more symptoms such as throat pain, difficulty swallowing, flu, and wet or dry cough. Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) categorizes Papua province in five highest areas with the infectious disease of air such as ARI and Pneumonia. Based on the annual data of Jayapura Public Health office of disease prevention and control sector reported that ARI was included in ten highest types of infectious diseases in Jayapura city suffered by under-fives. Objective: This research aimed to identify the factors caused by the IRA in the Community Health Center work area in North Jayapura Sub-district, Jayapura City, Papua Province. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative method with cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Sample of 100 under-fives in the Community Health Center of North Jayapura Sub-district were selected for this study. The technique was purposive sampling and the data collections were questionnaires and observation (done in the respondent’s houses). This research was done in Juni to August 2019. Results & Discussion: The results were presented through the table form and showed that the causes of ARI were from the under-fives, family, and environment. The conclusion of this research: smoking behavior of family is the biggest causative factor of ARI.

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