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Proceedings of Annual International Conference Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter
Published by Universitas Syiah Kuala
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education, Engineering,
Engineering Other
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 402 Documents
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Histopathological changes in intestine of chicken (Gallus domesticus) infected naturally by Ascaridia galli Ummu Balqis; Muhammad Hambal; . Darmawi; Cut S. Utami
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

This study was aimed at finding out the histopathological changes of chicken intestines that were naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. Ten intestines were obtained from wet market in Banda Aceh then measured in length and divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum, of which histologicslides were made. The number of Ascaridia galli founded in the lumen and ingesta were counted. Parameter picture of histopathologycal changes were analized descriptively based on desquamation, hiperplasia, and villi fussion occure. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum infected by A. galli showed istopathological changes of villi the cover of desquamation, hyperplasia and fusion. Demage level of the small intestine chicken was largely determined by the number of infecting by A. galli. It was concluded that the more number of A galli infected to chickens, the higher level of damage would be occured in the small intestine of chicken
Techno-economics analysis of biodiesel production from palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum as biofuel T.M.I. Mahlia; H.C. Ong; H.H. Masjuki
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Transportation sector has a dominant role in global fuel consumption andgreenhouse gas emissions consequently. Biodiesel is a renewable energy that has great potential to serve as an alternative fuel to fossil diesel in diesel engine. Besides the technical barriers, there are several nontechnical limiting factors, which impede the development of biodiesel. Therefore, this study is focused on biodiesel production and techno-economic comparison among palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel as transportation fuel. Moreover, the present study attempts to find out the impact of biodiesel implementation towards the energy scenario, environmental and economy. The largest economic factor for biodiesel production is feedstock cost. Furthermore, replacing 5% of diesel fuel with biodiesel fuel in road transport can reduce theCO2 emission up to 1200 ktons in year 2031. When the subsidy policy and tax exemption are implemented, biodiesel fuel is more competitive than fossil diesel at the current production costs. Therefore, this study serves as a guideline for further investigation on biodiesel production and other limitation factors before the wider utilization of biodiesel can be implemented.
The need of tree tenure security to maintenance the Traditional Agroforestry (Parak) In Koto Malintang Village, West Sumatra Tri Martial
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Communal forests in Indonesia, especially in the form of agroforestry commonly undeveloped and almost in traditional management. In Koto Malintang, West Sumatra agroforestry practice known as ‘parak’ has existed since decades ago. This study aims to determine the importance of tree tenure security in the ‘parak’ management for its sustainability in Koto Malintang, West Sumatra. The research uses descriptive method to identify the tree tenure security. Gambaran jaminan status penguasaan tanah dan pohon, serta kebijakan pemerintah yang telah dikeluarkan dalam bentuk undang-undang dan peraturan yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak dalam kerangka penguasaan tanah dan pohon secara luas. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan strategi pendekatan sebagai berikut: Pertama penelitian melakukan observasi untuk menilai dan menggambarkan pola-pola penguasaan pohon pada berbagai penguasaan tanah pada tanah komunal dan tanah negara yang mengacu kepada Rapid appraisal social forestry for land and tree tenure (FAO, 1989). To assess and describe patterns of tree control on communal land which refers to the Rapid appraisal of social forestry for land and tree tenure. Kedua menilai status jaminan hak-hak masyarakat pada penguasaan tanah dan penguasaan pohon dengan pendekatan terhadap hak-hak yang terdapat pada tanah dan pohon. The findings indicate lack of tree tenure security, especially for the purpose of selling the trees. Communal rights limit the freedom of timber use in an uncontrolled manner. But the communal rights maintain the system sustainability that is practiced as local institutional rules. For the income purposes, farmers tend to avoid planting timber-producing trees and prioritizing to quickly produce an annual crop. This is due to the limited of tenure security encourages reluctance of trees planting. Planting more trees is caused by timber interests. Planting trees is caused by the communal interest to the trees benefit for environmental sustainability.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Cr (VI) Using BioSorbent of Tea Dregs: Experimental and Modeling . Mariana; . Mahidin; Farid Mulana
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Tea plants have been generally known by most of Indonesian as a refreshing drink. Tea leavesusually contain caffeine of 1-4%, tannins of 7-20% and a little essential oil. Powder of tea dregs has the ability to absorb heavy metal of chromium. The research objective was to study the adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions of Cr (VI) using powder of tea dregs and to study factors that affect adsorption process of chromium metal. The analysis of sample solution concentration of Cr (VI) in this study was using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The effect of various process variables such as initial concentration of the metal solution, stirrer speed and concentration of modifying agent of sulphuric acid has been investigated. The results showed that the optimum adsorption process was obtained at adsorbate concentration of 125 ppm with activation process at sulphuric acid concentration of 0.8 M. The highest efficiency of heavy metal adsorption reached 83.24% with adsorption capacity of 5.202925 mg/g bio-sorbent. This adsorption was in accordance with the Langmuir Isotherm models with R2 value of 0.909. This study was also in accordance with kinetics of a second pseudo order with a R2 value of 0.997 and K of 0.752 g/mg. Minute
Trends antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections: a research at the Dr. Zainoel Abidin Teaching Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Said A. Khalilullah; Devi Susanti; Ramadhan W. Saputra; . Nurjannah
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the most common bacterial cause of urinary tract infections and the patterns of antimicrobial resistance. The study was conducted at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Teaching Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia with descriptive retrospective study approach.  The data was taken from medical records. One hundred and nineteen bacterials was identified, encountered gram-negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli (31.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.7%), Acinetobacter (12.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), Enterobacter (5.1%) and Proteus mirabilis (0.8%). Meanwhile encountered gram-positive bacteria were Beta-hemolytic Streptococci (9.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.4%). Observations on the sensitivity profile suggested that the pathogenic gram-negative bacteria had a high resistance against ampicilin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime, while meropenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tobramycin have a high sensitivity level. Descriptive analysis also found pathogenic gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to ceftriaxone, clindamycin, tetracycline and cephalotin and had a high sensitivity level to meropenem, vancomycin and oxacillin. Based on these results we concluded that the most common of urinary tract infections were caused by gram-negative bacteria species Escherichia coli. Encounters a high resistance pattern to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics group, this was caused by the irrational use of antibiotics and the ability of bacteria to produce beta-lactamase enzymes which results in degradation of beta-lactam ring (β-lactam). We recommended the antibiotics group of chloramphenicol, gentamicin and vancomycin to use as empirical therapy in urinary tract infections. Antibiotic treatment should be prescribed only for as long as necessary to be effective. Recurrent urinary tract infections may be managed better by self initiated therapy or prophylaxis than by continuing to treat each case emergently. We also recommend health practitioners to use antibiotics rationally to prevent the resistances.
An updated checklist of the herpetofauna of the Belum-Temengor forest reserves, Hulu Perak, Peninsular Malaysia Amirah Hurzaid; Mohd A.A Bakar; Dionysius Sharma; Nurolhuda Nasir; Reuben Sharma; Ahmad R.Y. Aznan; Ibrahim Jaafar
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

A herpetofaunal survey was carried out in Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia during the second Temengor Scientific Expedition conducted from 1st to 10th October 2012. This study represents the first records of amphibians and reptiles of Sungai Enam Basin and an updated record of Belum-Temengor Forest Reserve. In this survey, a total of 27 species of herpetofauna was recorded comprising 12 species of amphibians from four families and 15 species of reptiles from six families. No new records of frog or lizard species are reported in this study. However, three new records of snakes are reported from the area.
Anti-bacterial activity of rosella flowers extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa linn) in inhibiting bacterial growth methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Zinatul Hayati; Winda Yulia; T. Fadrial Karmil; Abdullah Azmy
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Infections caused by bacteria Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a worldwide health problem because of its increasing incidence. Rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) has been known to have efficacy as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of rosella flower extract in inhibiting the growth of MRSA. This study is an experimental research laboratory using rosella flower extract as a treatment, vancomycin as a positive control and distilled water as negative control. Fresh and dried rosella flowers crushed and then macerated with 96% ethanol for 24 hours. The filtrate obtained was concentrated by rotary evaporator at a temperature of 35 ˚ C-40 ˚ C and then diluted to a concentration of 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75%. Phytochemical test is then performed. S.aureus bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in RSUDZA. Test of the antibacterial activity of rosella flower extract performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Parameters on the disc were measured in millimeters MRSA. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and grouped into categories of Greenwood (1995). Phytochemical test results indicate the presence of rosella flower extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids and alkaloids. Test results of the inhibition of rosella flower extract concentration of 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75% of the growth of MRSA each inhibitory zone formed with an average diameter of 14.2 mm, 19.2 mm, 22.8 mm and 24.18 mm, whereas the positive control and negative control respectively of 19.8 mm and 5 mm. The results of data analysis showed that the ethanol extract of rosella flowers significant effect in inhibiting the growth of MRSA by the value of p 0.05. Based on the criteria of Greenwood, rosella flower extract ethanol concentration of 50% and 75% belong to the category of strong inhibitory power in inhibiting the growth of MRSA, a concentration of 25% falls into the category of being and the concentration of 12.5% falls into the category of weak. The results can be concluded that rosella flower ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of MRSA.
Use of chrysoperla carnea and Trichogramma chiloni (Ishii) on the population of insect pests in chilli ecosystem Jan M. Mari
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Field experiment was conducted at Kunri, Hasul Rind Farm during 2011-12 to assess the effect of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Trichogramma chiloni (Ishii) on the population of insect pests in chilli ecosystem. The experiment consisted tree treatments viz; (1) pest population were left untreated (2) C. carnea 1500 eggs /card were released (3) T. chilonis 1500 eggs /cards were released. Results concluded that sucking also chewing pest population in chilli was suppressed significantly in plot B and C where natural enemies were released. Reduction in thrips, aphid, mite and whitefly numbers was found due to release of C. carnae, it was 57.31, 70.86, 65.12 and 80% %, respectively. An impact of C. carnae on tobacco caterpillar population was 53.18%. Gram pod borer and tobacco caterpillar population was observed enormously in untreated plots. Reduction in its population in plot C was found owing to release of T. chilonis, it was 74.14 and 89.38 % when compared to untreated plots. It is concluded from the findings that C. carnae should be released in initial days when sucking complex raised at economic threshold level and T. chiloni release is necessary when crop reached flowers and buds stage
A highly antibacterial achievement of hollow fiber polyethersulfone (PES) membrane loaded with silver nanoparticles Fachrul Razi; Isao Sawada; Hideto Matsuyama
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 3, No 2 (2013): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

A highly antibacterial of hollow fiber polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was prepared by loading silver nanoparticles within the PES graft acrylamide (AAm)-membrane. The grafted layers of AAm were provided the matrix for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) entrapment. The characterization of the prepared hollowfiber (HF) PES membrane loaded with silver nanoparticles were examined by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To examine the antibacterial property of the prepared AgNPs-AAm-PES membrane, the halo zone and the shaking flask test were carried out. In these tests, both of unmodified PES membrane and AgNPs-AAm-PES membrane were exposed to pure culture suspension of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacteria with the concentration of 107 CFU/ml. The viable bacteria formed within the membrane surfaces and themembrane circumferences were observed by the halo zone formation, while the percentage of bacteria killing ratio was determined by shaking flask test method. The TEM results showed that the silver nanoparticles were formed within grafted layers of AAm-PES membrane and the size of silver nanoparticleswere about 10 nm. The AgNPs-AAm-PES membrane were highly effective to prevent the membrane biofouling as shown by the clearly halo zone formation compared with the unmodified PES membrane. The shake flask test were also revealed that almost 99.9 percent of the E. coli bacteria were killed when theyhaving exposed to the AgNPs-AAm-PES membrane. This was due to the silver ions are allowed to release from its membrane surface
Microencapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids: What it is, how it’s made, and challenges in food technology Sri Haryani Anwar
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Abstract

Fatty acids with double bonds beyond the ninth carbon from the carboxyl end are classified as essential for human health, including omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). The main sources of omega-3 fatty acids are fatty fish species such as herring, mackerel, sardine and salmon. Oils from the marine algae Cryptecondium conchii are mainly rich in DHA only, while fish oil contains both EPA DHA. Why is it important to microencapsulate EPA DHA? Because these fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body but have to be obtained through nutrition uptake. The beneficial effects of these fatty acids including lowering cholesterol, decreasing the risk of arrhythmia, lowering the blood pressure, preventing diabetes in pregnancy, and positive effects on joints (relief of arthritis). EPA and DHA also play an important role in early infant nutrition and the imbalance of these fatty acids is believed to cause a variety of diseases. Because of their sensitivity to oxidation, these fatty acids need to be stabilized to protect them from oxidation. In food application, their interaction with other food ingredients needs to be prevented. Attempts to prevent oxidation to allow omega-3 fatty acids to fulfill their functions are not trouble-free. Fish oils in their natural state have a taste and smell that make them less attractive to consumers. Processing technology for masking the smell and taste of fish oil in food faces great challenges. Therefore, to address the problems concerning the susceptibility of fish oil to oxidation and its unpleasant smell, microencapsulation, where the oil is packaged within coating materials, may be used to replace bulk oils. This paper discusses great challenges faced by the scientists to microencapsulate omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil after introducing concise information related to microencapsulation and its advance techniques. As the demand of functional food containing omega-3 is continuously growing, overcoming those challenges mean solving one problem in providing healthy food for the world

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