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Medicosphere
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30639433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social, Engineering,
Immunology & microbiology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences
Journal of Diverse Medical Research is an open access and peerreviewed journal published every month by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur. This journal is a dissemination medium for research result from various areas in medical science.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 90 Documents
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Recent Developments of Leukemia in Children: A Literature Review zahra, nisrina; Nastaghfiruka, Prita Aulia
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): J Divers Med Res 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v2i2.127

Abstract

Childhood leukemia is one of the most common types of blood cancer in children. Despite advancements in treatment, challenges such as drug resistance and long-term side effects persist. Access to care remains a global issue. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify trends in childhood leukemia treatment, including novel therapies, challenges, and associated risk factors. Findings:Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have offered new hope in treating childhood leukemia. However, drug resistance remains a major challenge. Additionally, long- term side effects of intensive treatment, such as organ damage and increased risk of secondary cancers, need to be considered. Conclusion: Progress in treating childhood leukemia has yielded encouraging results. However, further research is still needed to overcome existing challenges. Future research should focus on developing more personalized therapies and gaining a deeper understanding of the genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute to the development of leukemia.
Recent Understanding of Pathogenesis, and Management Strategies of Asthma: A Literature Review Adiputra, Ramdhan; Prawiragara, Fachrizal Arfani
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i3.128

Abstract

ABSTRACTAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways triggered by an immune response involving Th22 cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). This disease is divided into two main endotypes: type 2-high, characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and a good response to corticosteroids; and type 2-low, associated with neutrophilic inflammation and a response to non-type 2 cytokines. The aim of this literature review is to examine the literature focusing on the immunology of asthma, its pathogenesis, biomarkers, genetics, epigenetics, and management.           Methods. The literature used included searches in several databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords relevant to the topic. The results of the review indicate that type 2-high asthma responds well to corticosteroid therapy, whereas type 2-low asthma requires treatment approaches targeting non-type 2 cytokines. Biomarker-based approaches are becoming crucial in asthma management, with studies showing that plant-based diets and vitamin D intake may play a role in controlling asthma.        Conclusion. A deeper understanding of asthma endotypes and associated biomarkers is vital in developing more personalized and effective treatment strategies. Keywords. asthma, endotype, immunology, biomarkers
Risk Factors Causing Stunting in Toddlers: A Literature Review Shofiyah, Alya; Windarti, Siti Wahyu
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i3.130

Abstract

Stunting is a condition in which a child experiences a lack of nutritional intake for a long period of time, causing growth disorders in toddlers (infants under five years old). Stunting in toddlers is a global health problem that is influenced by various social, economic, and policy factors. Objective. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the available literature to identify risk factors for stunting and examine the challenges faced in handling it, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia and South Africa. In addition, this study also focuses on the role of social policy and health interventions in preventing stunting. Methods. A literature search was conducted on several reputable scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with a span of 2019-2024. Keywords used include "stunting", "socioeconomic risk factors", "health policy", and "stunting management". Articles that meet the inclusion criteria are analyzed to extract data related to study design, population, intervention, outcomes, and conclusions relevant to stunting management in children under five. Results. The review shows that social and economic factors play an important role in stunting, especially in areas with low socioeconomic conditions. Health interventions and social policies have helped reduce stunting rates, but challenges such as lack of access to adequate nutrition and policies that are not fully integrated in some countries remain major obstacles. Conclusions: Although various policies and interventions have yielded positive results in reducing stunting rates, major challenges remain, especially related to access to nutrition and sustainable policy implementation. Future research needs to focus on developing more integrated and personalized policies to reduce stunting rates in developing countries. Keywords: Stunting, Children Under Five, Socioeconomic Risk Factors, Health Policy, Health Interventions, Systematic Review.
The Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumonia in Children: A Review of Recent Studies Agustina, Putri Noviana; Agastya, Wayan Dhea
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i3.131

Abstract

Background. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has significantly reduced the burden of pneumonia in children worldwide, leading to decreased hospitalization rates, lower severity of disease, and a reduction in antibiotic resistance. However, regional disparities persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where healthcare infrastructure and access to vaccines are often limited. Methods. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies on the impact of PCVs on the incidence, severity, and management of pneumonia in children. It includes analyses of studies conducted in various regions, highlighting the global and regional effects of PCVs on pneumonia hospitalization rates, vaccine effectiveness against severe disease, and antibiotic resistance. Discussion. The review underscores the importance of PCVs in reducing pneumonia-related hospitalization rates, disease severity, and antibiotic resistance globally. Nevertheless, challenges persist in addressing regional disparities, particularly in underserved areas with limited healthcare infrastructure and vaccine accessibility. Conclusion. Continued surveillance and research are essential to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of newer PCV formulations. Developing strategies to improve vaccination coverage in underserved populations and monitoring the emergence of new serotypes are critical for adapting public health strategies. By addressing these challenges, the protective benefits of PCVs can be sustained, ultimately improving health outcomes for children Keywords:Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumonia, children, hospitalization, vaccine effectiveness, antibiotic resistance
Current Perspective of Diagnostic and Treatment of Rhinitis: A Literature Review Karenina, Lovenita Visca; Pujiastuti, Agustina Tri
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i2.133

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Rhinitis is an inflammation or irritation of the nasal mucosa that characterized by symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. This condition can also be caused by inflammation of eyes, ears, and throat. Objective: To review the literature on vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, the relationship between rhinitis and students’ quality of life, and rhinitis in sports athletes. Methods: This literature review was conducted by selecting a topic and determining keywords for journal searches using English and Indonesian through several databases including Google Scholar and NCBI Bookshelf. Results: This literature review shows that vasomotor rhinitis and allergic rhinitis have different causes and treatments, although both show similar symptoms. Conclusion: This literature review shows that vasomotor rhinitis and allergic rhinitis have different causes and treatments, although both show similar symptoms. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis
Emerging Trends in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Review of Recent Studies: A Literature Review Zelda Rizkylia Meidinar Ardis; Agastya, Wayan Dhea
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i2.134

Abstract

Abstract Background. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a chronic vascular condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of peripheral arteries, primarily affecting the lower extremities. It is a major manifestation of atherosclerosis and a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease disproportionately affects older adults, smokers, individuals with diabetes, and those with a history of hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Methods. Existing scholarly work was explored through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, using relevant keywords, such as "peripheral artery disease," "diabetes," "atherosclerosis,” and “short-chain fatty acids.” Discussion. The global burden of PAD has risen, driven by aging populations and increasing prevalence of risk factors. Advances in diagnostic techniques, medical therapies, and interventional approaches have expanded treatment options, but challenges persist in ensuring early detection, equitable access, and effective long-term management. This review aims to synthesize the latest literature on PAD, emphasizing recent developments and identifying gaps that warrant further exploration. Conclusion. The objective of this review is to synthesize recent advancements in our understanding, diagnosis and management of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Peripheral Arterial Disease is a chronic, progressive vascular disorder with significant global health implications. The paper examines the complex relationship between PAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent comorbidity linked to increased disease severity and unfavorable outcomes due to shared pathological mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it explores emerging treatment strategies, including novel pharmacological agents and innovative therapeutic technologies aimed at enhancing perfusion and mitigating disease progression. Keywords: Peripheral artery disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, endovascular treatment, short-chain fatty acids, glucose control
The Comprehensive Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review Abidzah, Rendy Zayyan; Wardhani, Fitria Kusuma
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i2.136

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Prevalence is increasing faster in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. The rapid increase in the number of people with diabetes is a global crisis that places a huge burden on public health systems.1Methods. Literature searching was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using Search terms included "diabetes," "management," "carbohydrate,". Systematic reviews of peer-reviewed articles, reports, and case studies were chosen.Conclusion: The proper management of diabetes mellitus is important to eliminate symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. Key words: diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate, management
Current Perspective of Diagnostic and Treatment of Rabies: A Literature Review Pratama, Nauval Lazuardi; Rahmadinie, Amalia
Journal of Diverse Medical Research : Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i2.142

Abstract

Background. Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) from the Lyssavirus genus. Transmitted through saliva, typically via bites or scratches, it causes fatal neurological disorders if untreated. Annually, rabies claims 59,000 lives, with most cases in rural Africa and Asia, where dogs are the primary reservoirs. Despite available vaccines, low coverage in resource-limited settings makes rabies a persistent public health issue. Effective prevention requires vaccination programs, public awareness, and animal population control. Methods. This study was conducted through a literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar as primary sources. Relevant peer-reviewed articles and research papers on rabies epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and management published in the last five years (2019–2024) were selected. Keywords such as "rabies," "Lyssavirus," and "vaccination" guided the search. Discussion. Rabies is a deadly disease with a high fatality rate once symptoms appear, making prevention through vaccination critical. Early post-exposure treatment, such as wound cleaning and immunoglobulin administration, reduces infection risks. Despite advancements in diagnostics and cost-effective vaccination methods, challenges remain in controlling rabies transmission, particularly from dogs and bats. Public awareness, improved vaccine access, and effective animal control are essential to eliminating rabies. Conclusion. Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease with almost no chance of survival once symptoms appear. Prevention through vaccination and post-exposure treatment, including wound cleaning and immunoglobulins, is crucial. Efforts to control rabies require increased vaccination coverage, public education, and better management of animal reservoirs, especially dogs.
Understanding Metabolic Syndrome: Causes and Prevention : A Literature Review Nur Firdausiyah, Shofie Ayu; Devi, Debrina Kusuma
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): J Divers Med Res 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v2i2.144

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a health condition involving interrelated metabolic disorders, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This condition involves central obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and high blood sugar levels. The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia is mainly caused by lifestyle changes, including unhealthy eating patterns and low physical activity. This research aims to identify causal factors and prevent metabolic syndrome. Literature studies were used to analyze the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies for metabolic syndrome. Prevention of this syndrome requires a comprehensive approach, including healthy lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet, physical activity, and stress management. Modern technology and public policies that support healthy lifestyles can also strengthen these prevention efforts. With proper prevention, the risk of chronic diseases related to metabolic syndrome can be reduced, as well as improving people's quality of life.
Selexipag Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension : A Literature Review Hamidah, Niswah; Yuliati, Amik
Journal of Diverse Medical Research: Medicosphere Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): J Divers Med Res 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medical - UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jdiversemedres.v1i3.146

Abstract

Background. To review the current evidence regarding the use of selexipag in the treatment of PAH, evaluating its effectiveness and safety. Methods. Literature  searching  was  conducted  by collecting data through databases  such  as  PubMed, Google  Scholar, and ScienceDirect using search terms included "pulmonary arterial hypertension," and "selexipag.". Discussion. It is necessary to look at the relationship between abnormalities in PAH patients and how Selexipag itself works and to look at the side effects that occur in the research that has been carried out. Conclusion. Giving selexipag is a good method because it is effective in treating PAH patients even with comorbid diseases or connective tissue diseases. However, not much is known about the use of selexipag and the results of research on selxipag can be said to be still limited. This review highlights the ability of selexipag to improve comfort and effectiveness in the treatment of PAH patients. Keywords. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Selexipag

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